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| The '''Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020''' ({{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}}: ''Bumbiro reRwizikuru'') is the governing document of the [[Rwizikuru|Kingdom of Rwizikuru]]. | | {{Infobox political post |
| | |post = Prime Minister |
| | |body = Surrow |
| | |nativename = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}) |
| | |flag = Surrow_CoA.png |
| | |flagsize = 150px |
| | |flagborder = |
| | |flagcaption = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]] |
| | |department = |
| | |image = TimHouston.png |
| | |alt = |
| | |incumbent = [[Dwight Timbrell]] |
| | |incumbentsince = 16 December, 2018 |
| | |style = {{wp|The Right Honourable}} |
| | |residence = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]] |
| | |nominator = |
| | |member_of = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] |
| | |appointer = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]] |
| | |termlength = Up to four years |
| | |termlength_qualified = No term limits |
| | |constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Surrow]] |
| | |inaugural = [[Clarence Bradley]] |
| | |formation = 1915 |
| | |last = [[Ted Fisher]] |
| | |abolished = 24 June, 1950 |
| | |succession = [[President of Surrow]] |
| | |deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]] |
| | |salary = |
| | |website = |
| | }} |
| | The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament. |
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| It was first announced by [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]] on 2 August, 2019, as part of a deal with the [[Global Institute of Fiscal Affairs]], in which Rwizikuru would receive [[Euclo|€]]100,000,000, which also included {{wp|structural adjustment}}: as the terms included removing the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarch]]'s financial powers, a constitution was seen as necessary to replace the ''[[Basic Law of Rwizikuru]]''. On 1 October, 2019, after preparations by both Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe and Munashe Ngonidzashe, and [[Rwizikuran constitutional assembly elections, 2019|electing]] twelve of the twenty-seven members of the constitutional assembly, new monarch [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]] formally began the proceedings.
| | ==List== |
| | | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" |
| (TBC)
| | |- |
| | | ! {{Abbr|№|Number}} |
| ==Text== | | ! width=5%| Portrait |
| ===Preamble=== | | ! width=10%| Name |
| :''Since the implementation of the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran Basic Law]] in 1964, our loyal subjects have been denied the right to have a meaningful voice in the affairs affecting the Rwizikuran nation''
| | ! Took office |
| :''Over the past few decades, it has become abundantly clear that Rwizikurans are no longer content with the {{wp|absolute monarchy}} currently in place''
| | ! Left office |
| :''With the Rwizikurans now in a better position than under [[Samhuri Ngonidzashe|the Father of the Nation]] and [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe|Izibongo the Great]]'s rule, it is clear that the Rwizikurans have now achieved the capacity to govern themselves''
| | ! Days |
| :''Therefore, we promulgate this constitution, to balance the interests of our loyal subjects, and the traditional systems that we have in place'' | | ! Election |
| | | ! width=10%| Political party |
| ===Chapter 1: Governance=== | | |- |
| ====Article 1: Executive==== | | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] |
| *'''§1''' The [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarchy]] shall remain in place, but shall only exercise the powers of a {{wp|head of state}}
| | |- |
| **'''§1a''' He must approve all bills: if he vetoes the bill, the [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]] may override the veto with a 50% vote
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| ***'''''i)''''' The Mambo of Rwizikuru cannot veto any money bills
| | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1 |
| **'''§1b''' The Mambo of Rwizikuru can only issue decrees which concerns the [[House of Ngonidzashe]] and the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru#Line of succession|line of succession]] to the Rwizikuran throne: he may not issue any decrees for any other affair
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]] |
| **'''§1c''' The Mambo of Rwizikuru still has the power to pardon any criminal, excluding those convicted of heinous crimes, or of {{wp|corruption}}
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932) |
| *'''§2''' The {{wp|head of government}} shall be the [[Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru|Mutungamiri]], who shall be a member of the National Assembly, selected from amongst the members, and elected with a simple majority of the vote from all legislators
| | |24 June, 1915 |
| **'''§2a''' The cabinet shall also be selected from amongst the members of the National Assembly, and elected with a simple majority of the vote
| | |24 October, 1932 |
| *'''§3''' The monarch can only act with the approval of the Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}} |
| | | | [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]] |
| ====Article 2: Legislature====
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| *'''§1''' The legislature of the Kingdom of Rwizikuru shall be the [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]]
| | |- |
| **'''§1a''' The National Assembly shall comprise of one hundred (100) members, with distributions subject to change at the end of each decennial census
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small> |
| ***'''''i)''''' All districts must have a minimum of one member of the national assembly
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| ***'''''ii)''''' The first elections to the National Assembly shall be distributed in the manner listed in the [[#Article 1: Seat distribution|first additional article]]
| | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2 |
| **'''§1b''' All members of the National Assembly must be {{wp|independent politicians|independent}} in accordance of the traditional virtues of {{wp|Consensus government|consensus government}}
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]] |
| ***'''''i)''''' {{wp|Political parties}} may exist, and candidates can be affiliated with them, but all political party members must renounce their membership before being sworn into the National Assembly
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945) |
| ***'''''ii)''''' Persons convicted of {{wp|corruption}}, or those with charges awaiting trial cannot run for office under any circumstances
| | |24 October, 1932 |
| **'''§1d''' The National Assembly has a maximum term of every four (4) years, and is elected by all citizens over the age of eighteen (18) years of age
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| ***'''''i)''''' Elections may be held earlier if the government loses confidence, and the National Assembly cannot select a replacement from among themselves for the [[Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru|Mutungamiri]] and/or his cabinet after three (3) months ''or'' if the National Assembly is unable to elect a Mutungamiri after the first elections after three (3) months
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}} |
| **'''§1d''' The head of the National Assembly shall be the {{wp|Speaker (politics)|mutauri}}, elected by the National Assembly from one of their own in accordance with the procedures listed in the second section of the first article of this chapter
| | | ''none'' |
| ***'''''i)''''' To prevent an abuse of power like what had occurred under [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]'s term as mutauri from 1950 to 1954, the mutauri can only remove an MNA for disorderly conduct after a vote, and can only remove an MNA from their position for five (5) days on the first offence, and twenty (20) days after the second and any subsequent offences
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| *'''§2''' The National Assembly is empowered to pass any legislation on any topic, so long as it does not conflict with the constitution
| | |- |
| **'''§2a''' The only topics which the National Assembly may not pass any legislation are listed in subsection b of the first section of the first article of this chapter
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small> |
| *'''§3''' The National Assembly must meet at least once every twelve (12) months
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| | | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3 |
| ====Article 3: Judiciary==== | | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]] |
| *'''§1''' The justice system of the Kingdom of Rwizikuru shall be based off the {{wp|common law}}
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966) |
| **'''§1a''' All laws currently in effect that are not in conflict with this constitution shall continue to apply until otherwise repealed or contradicted by newer legislation
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| *'''§2''' Organizes the judicial system of the Kingdom in a manner similar to the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|republican constitution]]: to this end,
| | |24 June, 1935 |
| **'''§2a''' {{wp|Magistrates' courts}}, empowered to hear cases involving {{wp|summary offences}}, or any instance of juvenile delinquency
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}} |
| **'''§2b''' {{wp|County Court (England and Wales)|District courts}}, empowered to hear cases involving civil and family law
| | | ''none'' |
| **'''§2c''' {{wp|Assizes|Courts of the Assizes}}, empowered to hear cases involving {{wp|indictable offences}}, and appeals from both the magistrates' courts and the district courts
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| **'''§2d''' {{wp|High Court of Justice|High Court}}, empowered to hear appeals from the Assizes
| | |- |
| **'''§2e''' {{wp|Military courts}}, empowered to hear cases committed in the [[Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces|armed forces]], regardless of whether it is a summary or indictable offence
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small> |
| **'''§2f''' {{wp|Administrative courts}}, empowered to hear any case involving administration law
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| **'''§2g''' {{wp|Court of Appeals}}, empowered to hear appeals from all lower courts
| | ! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4 |
| **'''§2h''' [[Supreme Court of Rwizikuru]], the {{wp|court of last resort}}, and hearing appeals from the Court of Appeals
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]] |
| ***'''''i)''''' The Supreme Court shall comprise of nine members, appointed by the [[President of Rwizikuru|President]] on the advice of his cabinet, and approved by the [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]] with a three-fifths (3/5ths) majority
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991) |
| ***'''''ii)''''' The Supreme Court shall be empowered to conduct {{wp|judicial review}} in the event it is unclear that the law conflicts with the constitution
| | |24 June, 1935 |
| | | |24 June, 1950 |
| ====Article 4: Administrative divisions==== | | |{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}} |
| *'''§1''' The Kingdom of Rwizikuru is divided into twelve (12) [[Rwizikuru#Districts|matunhu]], with the borders existing as they do today
| | | [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]] |
| **'''§1a''' In alphabetical order, their names are [[Chekumabvazuva (district)|Chekumabvazuva]], [[Dzakakwirira]], [[Gutaguru]], [[Hunidzakafa]], [[Mumbengegwi]], [[Ndarira]], [[Nyikaitsva]], [[Parunoguma]], [[Sangoguru kuchamhembe]], [[Sangoguru kumaodzanyemba]], [[Tsungirirai]], and [[Zvakawanda]]
| | | style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]] |
| *'''§2''' Each mukuru overseeing a district shall be appointed by the monarch, after consultation with the [[Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru|Mutungamiri]] and his cabinet, to serve at {{wp|His Majesty's pleasure}}
| | |- |
| **'''§2a''' The [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]] may veto the candidate chosen by the government with a simple majority
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small> |
| *'''§3''' The matunhu shall receive any and all powers delegated to them by the National Assembly, although the judiciary may revoke these powers if these powers get abused
| | |} |
| | |
| ===Chapter 2: Rights and freedoms===
| |
| ====Article 1: Language====
| |
| *'''§1''' The official language of the Kingdom of Rwizikuru is the {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi language}}, by virtue of it being the native language of the Rwizikuran nation
| |
| *'''§2''' Declares {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}, {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, {{wp|Marathi language|Marathi}}, and [[Wopoto language|Wopoto]] to be recognized as minority languages, by virtue of these languages being spoken by significant minority populations
| |
| *'''§3''' All Rwizikurans have the right to receive governmental services and be educated in weRwizi nationwide, to enable the development of an equal society
| |
| **'''§3a''' If more than five percent of the population (5%) of a given area speaks a given minority language as listed in this article, all governmental services and education should be provided in the minority language in that area
| |
| | |
| ====Article 2: Religion==== | |
| *'''§1''' The Kingdom of Rwizikuru, having learned from the mistakes made in the rule of [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], declare that Rwizikuru is to be a secular state, with no involvement in religious affairs
| |
| *'''§2''' To this end, all people in the Kingdom of Rwizikuru shall have the right to practice their religion freely, so long as their practices do not violate another person's dignity and basic human rights
| |
| | |
| ====Article 3: Democratic rights====
| |
| *'''§1''' All citizens who are over the age of eighteen (18) years have the right to vote and run for public office, unless convicted of {{wp|treason}}, {{wp|sedition}}, or {{wp|corruption (politics)|corruption}}, or awaiting trial for a corruption case
| |
| *'''§2''' All citizens have the right to be informed of the government's day-to-day operations, and to respond and comment on these issues
| |
| **'''§2a''' The government may be allowed to refuse to disclose information that could threaten the nation's security, so long as said information is relevant and current
| |
| | |
| ====Article 4: Legal rights==== | |
| *'''§1''' All people in Rwizikuru have the right to life, liberty, and security
| |
| *'''§2''' All people in Rwizikuru shall have the right to be protected from {{wp|unreasonable search and seizure}}
| |
| *'''§3''' No person in Rwizikuru may be detained arbitrarily
| |
| *'''§4''' All people in Rwizikuru shall have the right to {{wp|legal counsel}} and to be guaranteed {{wp|habeas corpus}}
| |
| *'''§5''' All people in Rwizikuru shall be {{wp|presumed innocent until proven guilty}} in a court of law
| |
| **'''§5a''' This does not apply to people charged with any {{wp|corruption (politics)|corruption}} offence: in these instances, all such defendants shall be presumed {{wp|guilty until proven innocent}}
| |
| *'''§6''' All people in Rwizikuru shall be protected from {{wp|cruel and unusual punishment}} and from {{wp|self-incrimination|incriminating themselves}}
| |
| *'''§7''' All people in the Rwizikuru shall be treated equally in a court of law
| |
| | |
| ====Article 5: Fundamental freedoms====
| |
| *'''§1''' All people in Rwizikuru shall have the right to the {{wp|freedoms of speech}}, {{wp|freedom of thought|of thought}}, and {{wp|freedom of expression|of expression}}
| |
| *'''§2''' All people in Rwizikuru shall have {{wp|freedom of the press}} to report on pressing issues unmolested by government or by any private citizen
| |
| *'''§3''' All people in Rwizikuru shall have the right to engage in {{wp|freedom of association|free association}} and {{wp|freedom of assembly|assemble}} in public spaces, so long as they do not violate the laws of Rwizikuru
| |
| *'''§4''' All persons in Rwizikuru shall have the right to own property in the country, and to not have their property seized by the government, regardless of whether it is from the national government, or a district government, unless duly compensated by the government that seeks to use said private property
| |
| | |
| ===Chapter 3: Responsibilities and duties===
| |
| ====Article 1: Responsibilities by the government====
| |
| *'''§1''' The government of Rwizikuru shall be responsible for providing a high-quality {{wp|universal healthcare}} to all persons, and a high-quality [[Education in Rwizikuru|education system]] to all children
| |
| **'''§1a''' Urges all succeeding governments to make efforts to improve the quality of Rwizikuran healthcare and education so that within ten years, it will be of a high standard of living
| |
| **'''§1b''' Prohibits any succeeding governments from privatising Rwizikuru's healthcare system and educational system, in order to ensure that it will benefit all people in Rwizikuru
| |
| *'''§2''' The government of Rwizikuru shall be responsible for ensuring that all monies are accounted for, and used for the public good
| |
| **'''§2a''' To this end, the government shall be empowered to make regular audits of all government officials and employees to ensure that they are not embezzling money from the state
| |
| *'''§3''' The government of Rwizikuru shall be responsible for maintaining [[Kwazisa]] as a {{wp|newspaper of record}}, and [[NMR]] to help bind the nation via {{wp|radio}} and {{wp|television}}
| |
| **'''§3a''' To this end, these cannot be privatised, in order to ensure that these will remain free of bias
| |
| *'''§4''' The government of Rwizikuru shall have the responsibility to produce balanced budgets and surpluses, in order to pay off the debt incurred under preceding governments over the past seventy-four years
| |
| **'''§4a''' Once the debt is paid off, the government has the responsibility to not go into debt under any conditions, and if it does go into debt, to ensure that the new debt gets paid off
| |
| **'''§4b''' This section shall not be used as an excuse to shirk the nation's responsibilities as listed in the first and third sections of this article
| |
| | |
| ====Article 2: Responsibilities by the people====
| |
| *'''§1''' All Rwizikurans who are able to afford the costs have an obligation to help the less-fortunate by providing them with food, money, and care
| |
| | |
| (TBC)
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| | |
| ==Amendments==
| |
| ===Additional articles===
| |
| ====Article 1: Seat distribution====
| |
| The following [[Rwizikuru#Districts|districts]] shall receive the following seats for the first elections to the reconstituted [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]], as well as any further national election taking place prior to the 2021 census:
| |
| | |
| *[[Parunoguma]] shall receive twenty-nine (29) seats
| |
| *[[Chekumabvazuva (district)|Chekumabvazuva]] shall receive nineteen (19) seats
| |
| *[[Dzakakwirira]] shall receive fifteen (15) seats
| |
| *[[Zvakawanda]] shall receive twelve (12) seats
| |
| *[[Ndarira]] shall receive ten (10) seats
| |
| *[[Sangoguru kumaodzanyemba|Sangoguru M.]] shall receive five (5) seats
| |
| *[[Hunidzakafa]] shall receive four (4) seats
| |
| *[[Tsungirirai]] shall receive two (2) seats
| |
| *[[Mumbengegwi]] shall receive one (1) seat
| |
| *[[Sangoguru kuchamhembe|Sangoguru C.]] shall receive one (1) seat
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| *[[Nyikaitsva]] shall receive one (1) seat
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| *[[Gutaguru]] shall receive one (1) seat
| |
• Prime Minister of Surrow • 
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