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{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Medovia
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Medovia
|native_name =  ''Medovasi Rëspublika'' <small>(Medovian)</small>
|native_name =  ''Rëspublik Medovia'' <small>(Medovian)</small>
|common_name =        <!--Common name in English (used for wikilinks and to produce a default iso3166 code)-->
|common_name =        <!--Common name in English (used for wikilinks and to produce a default iso3166 code)-->
|image_flag =        Lat8oo.png
|image_flag =        Medtricolor.png
|alt_flag =          Medovian Tricolor
|alt_flag =          Medovian Flag
|image_flag2 =        <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
|image_flag2 =        <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|image_coat =        Stgeorgearms5.png
|image_coat =        Stgeorgearms7.png
|alt_coat =          Medovian Coat of Arms
|alt_coat =          Medovian Coat of Arms
|national_motto =    ''"Deosez rekin, ćue gaudëk sen marrlisem"'' <br><small>"With God, all things are possible"</small>
|national_motto =    ''"Dosem, Sjemćar, Patromlik"'' <br><small>"God, Family, Fatherland"</small>
|national_anthem =    ''Mil Hameltik!'' <br><small>My Homeland!</small>
|national_anthem =    ''[https://streamable.com/ftlsar Mil Hameltik!]'' <br><small>My Homeland!</small>
|image_map =          <!--e.g. LocationCountry.svg-->
|image_map =          <!--e.g. LocationCountry.svg-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
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|government_type =    Unitary Parliamentary Republic
|government_type =    Unitary Parliamentary Republic
|leader_title1 =      [[Medovia#President|President]]
|leader_title1 =      [[Medovia#President|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Samel Gorgevem]]
|leader_name1 = [[Jakob Ferrantem]]
|leader_title2 =      [[Prime Minister of Medovia|Prime Minister]]
|leader_title2 =      [[Prime Minister of Medovia|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Hakob Beliśavar]]
|leader_name2 = [[Gregor Genoves]]
|legislature =      [[Medovia#Parliament|Parliament of Medovia]]
|legislature =      [[Medovia#Parliament|Parliament of Medovia]]
|upper_house =        <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")-->
|upper_house =        <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")-->
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|calling_code =      <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
|calling_code =      <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
}}
}}
Medovia (Medovian: Medova), officially the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Rëspublika), is a country in [[Anteria]].
'''Medovia''', officially the '''Republic of Medovia''' (Medovian: Rëspublik Medovia), is a country in [[Anteria]].


==History==
==History==
===Timeline===
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  from: start till: 500 color:s text: Pre-Christian Medovian Nation
  from: 500 till: 1430 color:h text: Confederated Medovian principalities and states
  from: 1430 till: 1800 color:sx text: Kingdom of Medovia
  from: 1800 till: 1938 color:w text: Medovian Confederation
  from: 1938 till: 1985 color:lightgrey text: Medovian State (Military Junta Rule)
  from: 1985 till: end color:eon text: Republic of Medovia
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
</timeline>
===Antiquity===
===Antiquity===
The Medovian people are said to have come into existence after the migration of several Indo-European tribes to the Medovian Basin, south of the current day capital of Medovia, Gavarnik. The proto-Medovian language, which at the time was much closer to the Basque language, was spoken by a dominant tribe that had setup trading posts near today's Medovian Coast. The assimilation of the tribes that had come to the basin and coast resulted into the Medovian ethnos and nation. Linguistic analysis shows continued Indo-European influence on the Medovian language to bring it from the proto-Medovian which was not classified as Indo-European to an Indo-European status. Throughout antiquity, much of the Medovian people were politically divided despite having a common heritage, language, and territorial area. Wars between clans and regions were common and the disunity of the early part of Medovia's history gave the nation a great disadvantage.  
The Medovian people are said to have come into existence after the migration of several Indo-European tribes to the Medovian Basin, south of the current day capital of Medovia, Gavarnik. The proto-Medovian language, which at the time was much closer to the Basque language, was spoken by a dominant tribe that had setup trading posts near today's Medovian Coast. The assimilation of the tribes that had come to the basin and coast resulted into the Medovian ethnos and nation. Linguistic analysis shows continued Indo-European influence on the Medovian language to bring it from the proto-Medovian which was not classified as Indo-European to an Indo-European status. Throughout antiquity, much of the Medovian people were politically divided despite having a common heritage, language, and territorial area. Wars between clans and regions were common and the disunity of the early part of Medovia's history gave the nation a great disadvantage.  
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[[File:Medovian st george.jpg|thumb|left|200px|St. George<br /><small>Patron Saint of Medovia</small>]]
[[File:Medovian st george.jpg|thumb|left|200px|St. George<br /><small>Patron Saint of Medovia</small>]]


The adoption of Christianity was an important milestone in Medovian history. The Medovian people were quick to adopt the religion which had reached them through missionaries spreading the word of Christ. The adoption of Christianity greatly united the Medovian people culturally and also helped to decrease the amount of divisions that were present in the Medovian homeland. The Medovian Apostolic Church helped unite Medovians culturally what politically was not possible because of bitter rivalries and regional disagreements. The Medovian Apostolic Church remained quite independent throughout the centuries and despite pressures to unite with Orthodox or Catholic branches, the Apostolic Church remained independent and steadfast to a "wholly independent Church, loyal to traditions of Christ". The Church's theology today would be classified as belonging to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches Oriental Orthodox] branch of Churches. Oriental Orthodoxy rejects the Chalcedonian Definition, and instead adopts the miaphysite formula, believing that the human and divine natures of Christ are united.
The adoption of Christianity was an important milestone in Medovian history. The Medovian people were quick to adopt the religion which had reached them through missionaries spreading the word of Christ. The adoption of Christianity greatly united the Medovian people culturally and also helped to decrease the amount of divisions that were present in the Medovian homeland. The Medovian Catholic Church helped unite Medovians culturally what politically was not possible because of bitter rivalries and regional disagreements. The Medovian Catholic Church remained quite independent throughout the centuries and despite pressures to unite with other branches, the Church remained independent and steadfast to a "wholly independent Church, loyal to traditions of Christ".
 
As commerce and technology improve so did societal and political organization of the Medovians. Much of the inhabited lands by Medovians were located in present day Medovia's Southern portion, especially along the coast where commerce thrived. The major port city of '''Peshkaji''' became the center of Medovian political and cultural life. Peshkaji is located around 100km south of the capital Gavarnik. Yet much into the Middle Ages, the Medovian nation was focused on commerce and political unification as a whole was still lacking; historians describe this era as the "Confederal Era" as small governing cantons comprised of the Medovian homeland, that governed quite independently from each other and the unity among the cantons was very loose and formal. The Confederal Era, however, came to an abrupt end, when invasions and threats from the North disrupted the Medovian nation. 


As commerce and technology improve so did societal and political organization of the Medovians. Much of the inhabited lands by Medovians were located in present day Medovia's Southern portion, especially along the coast where commerce thrived. The major port city of '''Peshkaji''' became the center of Medovian political and cultural life. Peshkaji is located around 100km south of the capital Gavarnik. Yet much into the Middle Ages, the Medovian nation was focused on commerce and political unification as a whole was still lacking; historians describe this era as the "Confederal Era" as small governing cantons comprised of the Medovian homeland, that governed quite independently from each other and the unity among the cantons was very loose and formal. The Confederal Era, however, came to an abrupt end, when invasions and threats from the North disrupted the Medovian nation.


===Unification & Invasions===
===Unification & Invasions===
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They believed that the biggest threat to Medovian tradition and people was a centralized power, disconnected from its people, and disregarding the issues and people of the places outside the capital region. King Stëfać III was viewed as arrogant and too pompous, indulged in the riches of high life, and betraying the very institution that he was born into. The Cantonist Army had a fairly democratic leadership, many civil leaders, defected military officials/generals, compromised of a Executive Council, which controlled the army. The Cantonists had a lot of public supports in rural areas across Medovia, however, cities, especially the capital, remained fiercely loyal to the King, who they viewed as appointed by God and the only true ruler of the Medovians. In the early years of the civil war, King Stëfać III was able to easily rout the Cantonists, who were often no match to the professional Royal Army, however, continued political blunders and heavy handed tactics began to affect the sympathy that the people had for the Royal Army. The Cantonists were able to take advantage of the discontent and increase the size of their ranks. What was greatly lacking for the Cantonists in the early years were arms and ammunition. One spring morning in the city of Mëbërś, Cantonists planned and executed a fantastic attack and takeover of one of the most important military sites for the Royal Army, which had been left lightly guarded for a short period of time. The take-over of this site, which was rich in arms and ammunition, proved to be the event that prevented the Royal Army from totally finishing off the Cantonist insurrection.
They believed that the biggest threat to Medovian tradition and people was a centralized power, disconnected from its people, and disregarding the issues and people of the places outside the capital region. King Stëfać III was viewed as arrogant and too pompous, indulged in the riches of high life, and betraying the very institution that he was born into. The Cantonist Army had a fairly democratic leadership, many civil leaders, defected military officials/generals, compromised of a Executive Council, which controlled the army. The Cantonists had a lot of public supports in rural areas across Medovia, however, cities, especially the capital, remained fiercely loyal to the King, who they viewed as appointed by God and the only true ruler of the Medovians. In the early years of the civil war, King Stëfać III was able to easily rout the Cantonists, who were often no match to the professional Royal Army, however, continued political blunders and heavy handed tactics began to affect the sympathy that the people had for the Royal Army. The Cantonists were able to take advantage of the discontent and increase the size of their ranks. What was greatly lacking for the Cantonists in the early years were arms and ammunition. One spring morning in the city of Mëbërś, Cantonists planned and executed a fantastic attack and takeover of one of the most important military sites for the Royal Army, which had been left lightly guarded for a short period of time. The take-over of this site, which was rich in arms and ammunition, proved to be the event that prevented the Royal Army from totally finishing off the Cantonist insurrection.


[[File:Cantonists battle.jpg|thumb|left|275px|Cantonist Forces preparing for battle]]
[[File:Cantonists battle.jpg|thumb|left|325px|Cantonist Forces preparing for battle]]
By 1780, fierce battles were taking place between Cantonist and Royal forces. Most of the fighting was taking place in rural areas and Cantonists were gaining ground with also changing tactics to be more unpredictable and guerrilla tactics. The Royal Forces however still controlled major cities and routes, but the toll on the forces continued to linger. The Cantonists were also receiving former and defecting military officers, who greatly helped the ill-prepared force to become much more professional and formidable against the King's forces. In 1781, Cantonist forces conducted a wide range assault to take over the large city of Mëbërś, whose population was sympathetic to their cause. The Battle of Mëbërś was especially bloody and lasted for several days, delving into street by street fighting and chaos. Finally, the General of the Royal Forces sounded a retreat and thus handed over the coveted prize of Mëbërś to the Cantonists. Historians via the '''Capture of Mëbërś''' as not a turning point in the war, but rather the "solidification" of the warring sides. With control of Mëbërś, the Cantonists had a major area of the country under their control and now the war would enter a more serious phase as the powers between the two sides began to equal slowly. From 1781 to 1790, Medovia was de-facto divided into two countries: one under the control of the Cantonists and the other still the Kingdom of Medovia. Skirmishes and battles ensued throughout the decade, but little significant advance was made. Temporary ceasefires were also enacted throughout this period.
By 1780, fierce battles were taking place between Cantonist and Royal forces. Most of the fighting was taking place in rural areas and Cantonists were gaining ground with also changing tactics to be more unpredictable and guerrilla tactics. The Royal Forces however still controlled major cities and routes, but the toll on the forces continued to linger. The Cantonists were also receiving former and defecting military officers, who greatly helped the ill-prepared force to become much more professional and formidable against the King's forces. In 1781, Cantonist forces conducted a wide range assault to take over the large city of Mëbërś, whose population was sympathetic to their cause. The Battle of Mëbërś was especially bloody and lasted for several days, delving into street by street fighting and chaos. Finally, the General of the Royal Forces sounded a retreat and thus handed over the coveted prize of Mëbërś to the Cantonists. Historians via the '''Capture of Mëbërś''' as not a turning point in the war, but rather the "solidification" of the warring sides. With control of Mëbërś, the Cantonists had a major area of the country under their control and now the war would enter a more serious phase as the powers between the two sides began to equal slowly. From 1781 to 1790, Medovia was de-facto divided into two countries: one under the control of the Cantonists and the other still the Kingdom of Medovia. Skirmishes and battles ensued throughout the decade, but little significant advance was made. Temporary ceasefires were also enacted throughout this period.
[[File:Medovian_royal_force.jpg|thumb|right|225px|A Medovian Royal General at battle]]
[[File:Medovian_royal_force.jpg|thumb|right|225px|A Medovian Royal General at battle]]
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To counter the Cantonist advances, the King activated one of the most elite regiments in the Royal Army: the King's Loyal Legion. The Loyal Legion was composed of fighters that had essentially grown up in a military background and from a small age had been trained to be soldiers. They were fiercely loyal to the King and very skilled and effective fighters. They were renowned and feared around the world. The King had been  prudent not to use them so much and only in necessity and now the time had come. The full entrance of the Loyal Legion into the war was able to "stop the bleeding" and halt the Cantonist advances. At certain points, Cantonist suffered heavy defeats at hands of the Loyal Legion and supporting troops. At the same time, military officials throughout the ranks were becoming ever-so weary of the King's approach and viewed the Legion with resentment, whom they saw as overriding their authority. Increasing defections and angry generals led to a very fragile predicament for the King's army as the war entered the year 1795.
To counter the Cantonist advances, the King activated one of the most elite regiments in the Royal Army: the King's Loyal Legion. The Loyal Legion was composed of fighters that had essentially grown up in a military background and from a small age had been trained to be soldiers. They were fiercely loyal to the King and very skilled and effective fighters. They were renowned and feared around the world. The King had been  prudent not to use them so much and only in necessity and now the time had come. The full entrance of the Loyal Legion into the war was able to "stop the bleeding" and halt the Cantonist advances. At certain points, Cantonist suffered heavy defeats at hands of the Loyal Legion and supporting troops. At the same time, military officials throughout the ranks were becoming ever-so weary of the King's approach and viewed the Legion with resentment, whom they saw as overriding their authority. Increasing defections and angry generals led to a very fragile predicament for the King's army as the war entered the year 1795.
As the Royal Army shrunk and the country's economy was on the brink of collapse, military general implored with the King to negotiate lasting peace deal with the Cantonists, however, the King refused confident that the Loyal Legion would lead the fight and finally defeat the Cantonists, which according to inaccurate sources were on the brink of surrender. In reality, the Cantonists were well positioned and confident. After a year of lull in hostilities, the Cantonists made forceful push towards the capital Gavarnik. With his army in a state of disarray, King Stëfać recalled the Loyal Legion and most of the Royal troops to defend the capital. The Cantonists were able to advance often uncontested and swiftly took over the countryside near Gavarnik. In 1797, began the battle of Gavarnik, which was notably fierce as many of the people of Gavarnik were still fiercely loyal to the King and thus soldiers and citizens alike took up arms to fight against the Cantonists. Street to street fighting and grueling battles brought the capital to economic ruin and a populace on the bring of starvation. In the spring of 1798, Cantonist forces had taken over all of the capital, except for the Petrosabir District, where was located the Royal Palace. Many of the Cantonists forces hoped for a peaceful surrender of the King and didn't want a bloodshed in one of the most historic areas of the country. Furthermore, there was a great fear among the soldiers of killing the King, who the Church recognized as appointed by God. After a month long stand-off and skirmishes, King Stëfać III finally agreed to a full surrender. The terms of the surrender was clear: a full abdication, end of the Monarchic system, and a transition of the country to a Confederacy. Upon signing the surrender that would seal the fate of the country, King Stëfać III famously remarked after: "Today, you act as gods in removing me, tomorrow you will answer to God and the Medovian nation. May God forgive me for my weakness; but my hands are clear."
[[File:Konstytucja 3 Maja.jpg|thumb|left|350px|The Medovian Confederation is officially proclaimed in Gavarnik]]
The surrender of King Stëfać III on April 7, 1798 ended an almost 21 year blood civil war that had left most of the country in ruins and divided. Many Cantonists urged for King Stëfać III to be executed for his crimes; however, the victorious leaders refused to entertain such an idea as they put it: "executing a King would stain not only our legacy for ages to come but the soul of this nation". The Cantonists allowed for the King and is family to move to a Royal manor north of Gavarnik by the shore to live out the rest of their years. The Cantonists also immediately established a transitional government to oversee the country's transition to a Confederacy. Much needed to be done: a new constitution, creation of a whole new system, maintaining social order and reviving the economy. The new leaders of Medovia knew that the Confederation would have to have a strong and stable national army in order not to fail for the same reasons that the previous Medovian Confederation fell. They also decided to keep the capital as Gavarnik, but split Gavarnik into two Cantons. On March 1, 1800 the Medovian Confederation was officially proclaimed and the new constitution put into force. The era of the Kingdom had come to a violent end.
===The Medovian Confederation===
The Government of the Medovian Confederation took over a country that had ravaged by a two decade civil war; a huge task laid before the new government to rebuild an entire infrastructure, the national army, and implement new functioning governmental institutions. The Confederation had a rather decentralized structure of power, especially compared to power structure of the Kingdom. They also maintained a policy of neutrality in terms of foreign policy. The executive consisted of a rotating Presidency, but the real power lied with the cantons of Medovia, who had considerable autonomy and also were represented in the Canton Assembly at a national level. The rebuilding of the country took over a decade and much work was coordinated with the cantons to implement everything. Importantly, the new Government gave great autonomy and respect to the Medovian Apostolic Church, which retained its status as the national church of the country. The Confederation also inherited some of the excellent military generals that served the King in order to rebuild a national army. Historians label much of the 19th century as a period of rebuilding and some openly question whether the Confederal system of government contributed to a long period of reconstruction, which would have been more efficient with a more centralized government structure. In all, peace and stability was something many Medovians had not experienced for over two decades and this period was a time to create and grow. The population of Medovia greatly increased during this time period. Medovia also invested heavily in building a strong navy and trading ships in order to protect the Medovian coast and secure Medovia's trade. The Civil War till this day has left its mark on Medovian society: the divide between monarchist traditionalism and liberal egalitarianism can still be seen till today. The relative lull however began to end as the Medovian Confederation entered the 20th century.
[[File:1920px-Lat8.png|thumb|left|250px|Flag of the Medovian Confederation: The six stars represent the original 6 cantons of Medovia]]
The early 20th century was a century of exploding ideologies and friction in many countries and societies around the world. Medovia was likewise not immune to the ideologies that were coming through and spreading in the large cities. In particular, the early 1900s saw a rise in nationalist, communist, and also monarchist activist groups. Many wanted radical change in a country and society that they saw as "asleep" and "out of touch" from the rest of the world. The communist groups viewed the Confederation as a weak government that enabled uncontrolled capitalism in the Cantons, which exploited Medovian workers. The Nationalists wanted to change the Confederation to a stronger and more central government that would abandon neutrality and focus on Medovian ethnic interests. While the Monarchist groups (often connected with the church) sought the return of the Monarchic system, which they viewed the only legitimate way to continue rule. The government of Medovia did not expect these groups to turn violent, but several violent protests, and fighting between the groups was omnipresent throughout the 1920s. The national army was often involved to restore peace and order. However, the decentralized system of government, again showed its major weakness as the instability continued into the 1930s. An important pact between Nationalist and Monarchist groups consolidated them into one group, whose aim was opposition towards the communists, who they feared as potentially preparing to take over the government and instill a socialist state like was happening in countries around the world at the time. In 1937, a group of militant communists who were well armed and connected, attempted to overthrow the Medovian Government. At first it seemed, they would be successful as the communists secured the branches of Government and declared a Socialist Republic. However, 10 days of fighting between the National Army who did not recognize the Communist Government and communist militants ended with the surrender and later execution of the ringleaders of the overthrow attempt. The Confederal Government was utterly powerless in this time and the National Army began to take more and more control in the absence of central leadership to ensure stability. After the violence in the country got worse as Medovia entered 1938, Supreme General of the Medovian Armed Forces, Albert Këpucavar, along with other high ranking military officials overthrew the Medovian Government in a bloodless coup d'etat and declared the start of the Military Junta.
===1938 Military Junta===
General Albert Këpucavar announced in a radio address in the spring of 1938 that the Medovian Military had full control over all branches of Government and that the country was under control. In his famous radio speech, the General defended the coup by saying that, "We in the military could not look on as our beautiful country was about to be taken over by Communist Revolutionaries. We will restore order then we will give the country back to the people." Indeed the situation in the 1938 had reached a boiling point and the Confederal Government was simply to weak to properly deal with the security challenges of the country; thus, the military easily filled the vacuum. The coup was welcomed by most people who saw it as a chance for stability to finally take root in the country after fighting between radical groups had really rocked the country. Of course, left-wing activists and liberal minded people were deeply concerned at what the coup would bring in terms of freedoms. The 1938 Military Junta established a Military Government whose main legislative and executive power was exercised by the Supreme Military Council: a council composed of high ranking military Generals and officials from Medovia's security apparatus. The Supreme Military Council was headed by General Albert Këpucavar who was in essence the head of state and head of government. The new military junta immediately enacted martial law and strict curfew laws throughout the country. The military controlled all types of movement within the country. From 1938 to 1940, the military arrested thousands of communist and leftist activists throughout the country. Human rights activists commented that left-wing activists were rounded up and without trial thrown in jails and often times concentration camps; for many the detainment was a death sentence. The Military also fiercely crushed Communist militant groups that remained in the country in brutal crackdowns. These years have come to be known as the "Dark Years" in Medovia as fear of the crackdowns spread through the country. Stability was quickly achieved, albeit at a high cost.
[[File:General albert.jpg|thumb|right|250px|General Albert Këpucavar: Head of the Military Junta]]
The purpose of the Junta was to restore stability and then give the country back to the people, however, such a transition did not happen quickly. The Military Council justified the continuation with the premise that security threats still remained and that a transition of government would be extremely risky. While human rights activists deride this period, a majority of Medovians actually began to approve of the Military Junta's rule, which had brought security and stability to the country, with that the economy began to bloom. Of course, activists opposed were often silenced and Medovian nationalist and religious groups were extremely supportive of the military rule, which they described as "bringing back dignity" to the Medovian nation. As a result, the Military Junta was able to rule for several decades without many challenges and Medovian society conformed to the rather centralized and restricted way of life and governance. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the populace began to become more vocal about a democratic transition; they wanted free and fair elections. Small demonstrations began to take place and the Military Junta very well realized that it needed to deal with this issue quickly. In 1983, in an extraordinary decision, the Supreme Military Council affirmed that on September 10, 1985, the country will hold free and democratic elections and with that the country will transition to a democratic republic. There was intensive debate on whether the Monarchy should be brought back, should the Confederation structure be revived, but it was decided that the most reasonable course of action was going to be the establishment of a Parliamentary Republic. The transition to democracy was notably bloodless, yet historians view that the Junta had simply run its course and that there was no other option. Many believe that the military calculated that their power would make them a powerful force, regardless who governed, and thus were more easy to make such a decision. Nevertheless, free and fair elections were held on September 10, 1985, the military junta stepped down, and the Republic of Medovia was born.
===Transition to Democracy===


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Medovia blank5.png|left|300px|Map of Medovia with its major cities]]
Medovia has a generous coastline that has been an important facet of the development of the country. Fishing and commerce have flourished among the cities by the coast, where also is located the capital, Gavaranik. The lands near the coast are generally more flat and/or hilly with generous vegetation. The northern coast of Medovia is rocky, while the southern coast is not as much. The Western portion of the country is more rugged and mountainous especially towards the Western border. A mountain range runs from the south to the north along the area of the Western border.
Medovia in general has a temperate climate with hot summers, rainy spring season, and a fairly cold winter season that gets much colder in the inland of the country. The rather rainy season yields very lush vegetation in the coastline areas and it is for this reason the Medovian people first settled in those areas, where the soil was very rich and water was abundant.
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==Politics and Government==
==Politics and Government==
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The executive power is exercised by the president and prime minister whereby the power of the president is very limited. The Prime Minister is the commander-in-chief of the military and the President is the representative of the unity of the Medovian people. The tenure of the president depends on the confidence of the parliament and is elected for a five-year term by the parliament by a majority of three-fifths of all its members. The prime minister, appointed by the president and approved by the parliament, is authorized to constitute the cabinet. The cabinet is composed primarily of the prime minister inclusively its deputies and ministers.
The executive power is exercised by the president and prime minister whereby the power of the president is very limited. The Prime Minister is the commander-in-chief of the military and the President is the representative of the unity of the Medovian people. The tenure of the president depends on the confidence of the parliament and is elected for a five-year term by the parliament by a majority of three-fifths of all its members. The prime minister, appointed by the president and approved by the parliament, is authorized to constitute the cabinet. The cabinet is composed primarily of the prime minister inclusively its deputies and ministers.
===President===
===President===
[[File:Emil Boc 2011-06-23.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Samel Gorgevem]]<br /><small>Current President of Medovia</small>]]
[[File:Photo16109 PD1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Jakob Ferrantem]]<br /><small>Current President of Medovia</small>]]
The president of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Legëlburu), officially styled President of the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Rëspublikasi Legëlburu) is the head of state and the representative of the unity of the Medovian people.
The president of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Legëlburu), officially styled President of the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Rëspublikasi Legëlburu) is the head of state and the representative of the unity of the Medovian people.


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The president is elected through a secret vote and without debate by the Parliament of Medovia by a majority of three-fifths of all its members and is in every case elected for 5 years. However, the Constitution of Medovia sets a limit to a maximum of two terms in office. The president-elect is required to take an oath of office before the members of the Parliament of Medovia. The President must not belong to any political party.  
The president is elected through a secret vote and without debate by the Parliament of Medovia by a majority of three-fifths of all its members and is in every case elected for 5 years. However, the Constitution of Medovia sets a limit to a maximum of two terms in office. The president-elect is required to take an oath of office before the members of the Parliament of Medovia. The President must not belong to any political party.  
===Prime Minister===
===Prime Minister===
[[File:Medonia PM.jpg|thumb|left|225px|[[Hakob Beliśavar]]<br /><small>Current Prime Minister of Medovia</small>]]
[[File:Macri Asamblea 15 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Gregor Genoves]]<br /><small>Current Prime Minister of Medovia</small>]]
The prime minister of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Ćjefministër), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Rëspublikasi Ćjefministër), is the head of government of the Republic of Medovia and as well the most powerful and influential person in Medovian politics. The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation, represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings, and also is commander-in-chief of the military.  
The prime minister of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Ćjefministër), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Rëspublikasi Ćjefministër), is the head of government of the Republic of Medovia and as well the most powerful and influential person in Medovian politics. The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation, represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings, and also is commander-in-chief of the military.  


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<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
===Parliament===
===Parliament===
{{Infobox legislature
|name                  = Parliament of Medovia
|native_name            = <small>Medovasi Legebilcarag</small>
|members                = 150
|political_groups1      =
'''Government (85)'''
{{legend|#254D6B|Medovian National Front (91)}} {{legend|#000000|Patriotic Union (6)}}
'''Opposition (65)''' {{legend|#3C8447|Democratic Alliance (32)}} {{legend|#FFFF66|Centre Way (16)}}
{{legend|#D02120|Medovian Socialist Movement (5)}}
|structure1            = Svgfiles 2021-05-10-01-28-01-646289-2640686051133157690.svg
|structure1_res        = 300px
|last_election1        = [[2021_Medovian_Snap_Election|May 2021]]
|next_election1        = TBD
}}
The Parliament of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Legebilcarag) is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Medovia; it is Medovia's legislature. The Parliament is composed of not less than 150 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot. The Parliament is presided over by a Speaker of the Parliament, who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker. The electoral system is based on party-list proportional representation.  
The Parliament of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Legebilcarag) is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Medovia; it is Medovia's legislature. The Parliament is composed of not less than 150 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot. The Parliament is presided over by a Speaker of the Parliament, who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker. The electoral system is based on party-list proportional representation.  


Formation of Government requires at least 76 seats to be secured by party outright or via a ruling coalition. After an election, the President officially tasks the leader of the political party with most votes to form a ruling coalition for government.
Formation of Government requires at least 76 seats to be secured by party outright or via a ruling coalition. After an election, the President officially tasks the leader of the political party with most votes to form a ruling coalition for government. The leader of the party that has garnered the most votes in the election will generally serve as Prime Minister. The newly formed Parliament will then be tasked to elect the President, for which 2/3 votes are required.
 
A vote of no confidence may be proposed if one-tenth of the members of Parliament sign the proposition and starting from three days before the appointed date, said vote can be brought into discussion. A majority of MPs must vote in favour of a declaration of no confidence for it to be successful. If the prime minister loses the no confidence vote, his/her entire government must resign and snap Parliamentary elections must be called.  


The current government ruling coalition and opposition:
The current government ruling coalition and opposition:
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! Total MPs
! Total MPs
|-  
|-  
| Medovian National Front, Patriotic Union
| Medovian National Front, Patriotic Union  
| Government Ruling Coalition
| Government Ruling Coalition
| 81/150
| 97/150
|-
|-
| Democratic Alliance, Medovian Socialist Movement, Centre Way
| Democratic Alliance, Centre Way, Medovian Socialist Movement
| In Opposition
| In Opposition
| 69/150
| 53/150
|}
|}
===Political Parties===
===Political Parties===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Founded
! Founded
! Leader
! Leader
! Political Position
! Ideology
! Ideology
! MPs
! MPs
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| '''MNF'''
| '''MNF'''
| 15 August 1985
| 15 August 1985
| [[Hakob Beliśavar]]
| [[Gregor Genoves]]
| '''Centre-Right to Right''' , National Conservatism, Social Conservatism, Economic Liberalism
| '''Right'''  
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|70|150|hex=#254d6b}}
| National Conservatism, Social Conservatism, Economic Liberalism, Nationalism
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|91|150|hex=#254d6b}}
|-
|-
| Democratic Alliance <br /><small>''Demokratlik Itunśat''</small>
| Democratic Alliance <br /><small>''Demokratlik Itunśat''</small>
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| 2 July 1985
| 2 July 1985
| [[Simon Pagosov]]
| [[Simon Pagosov]]
| '''Centre to Centre-Left''', Liberalism, Social Liberalism
| '''Centre-Left'''
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|48|150|hex=#3c8447}}
| Liberalism, Social Liberalism
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|32|150|hex=#3c8447}}
|-
|-
| Medovian Socialist Movement<br /><small>''Medovas Socialisnik Efmarźa''</small>
| Medovian Socialist Movement<br /><small>''Medovas Socialisnik Efmarźa''</small>
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| 23 September 1985
| 23 September 1985
| Meriam Akobeś
| Meriam Akobeś
| '''Centre-Left to Left''', Social Democracy, Progressivism, Social Ecology
| '''Left'''
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|14|150|hex=#d02120}}
| Social Democracy, Progressivism, Social Ecology
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|5|150|hex=#d02120}}
|-
|-
| Centre Way<br /><small>''Centrum Modu''</small>
| Centre Way<br /><small>''Centrum Modu''</small>
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| 1 March 1993
| 1 March 1993
| Madir Lestrica
| Madir Lestrica
| '''Centre''', Centrism, Economic Liberalism,  
| '''Centre'''
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|7|150|hex=#ffff66}}
| Centrism, Economic Liberalism,  
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|16|150|hex=#ffff66}}
|-
|-
| Patriotic Union<br /><small>''Hameltikeś Bëtërsunar''</small>
| Patriotic Union<br /><small>''Hameltikeś Bëtërsunar''</small>
| '''PU'''
| '''PU'''
| 20 April 1988
| 20 April 1988
| Andras Metusalem
| [[Andras Metusalem]]
| '''Far-Right''', Ethnic Nationalism, Social Conservatism, Interventionism
| '''Far-Right'''
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|11|140|hex=#000000}}
| Ethnic Nationalism, Social Conservatism, Interventionism
| align="left"| {{Composition bar|6|150|hex=#000000}}
|}
|}
===Military===
===Military===
===Foreign Relations===
===Foreign Relations===
Medovia conducts a multi-vector foreign policy focused on regional security, counter-terrorism, and territorial integrity. Republic of Medovia is a founding member of the [[Anteria Conservative Alliance]] and a member of the [[South Anterian Defense Alliance]].


==Symbols & Anthem==
==Symbols==
===National Flag===
===National Flag===
[[File:Lat8oo.png|thumb|right|220px|Flag of Medovia]]
[[File:Medtricolor.png |thumb|right|220px|Flag of Medovia]]
<br>
<br>
The National Flag of Medovia is consists of two primary colors and has a ratio of 3:5 (1.667). The blue color on the top and bottom symbolizes the river of life given to the Medovian people and the yellow strip through the middle symbolizes the light of God and Jesus Christ which has illuminated the Medovian people throughout their history and a testament to the Christian heritage of Medovia.
The National Flag of Medovia is consists of two primary colors and has a ratio of 3:5 (1.667). The blue color symbolizes the river of life given to the Medovian people and the yellow strip through the symbolizes the light of God and Jesus Christ which has illuminated the Medovian people throughout their history and a testament to the Christian heritage of Medovia.
 
{| width="60%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left"
|- style="text-align: center; background: #eee"
! Scheme
!style="background:#011e56; color:white"| Blue
!style="background:#FFCD00; color:white"| Yellow
!style="background:#011e56; color:white"| Blue
|-
| '''RGB'''
| 1-30-86
| 255-205-0
| 1-30-86
|-
| '''RGB hex triplet'''
| 011e56
| FFCD00
| 011e56
|}


===National Coat of Arms===
===National Coat of Arms===
[[File:Stgeorgearms5.png|thumb|left|100px|]]
[[File:Stgeorgearms7.png|thumb|left|150px|]]
<br>
<br>
The National Coat of Arms of Medovia consists of the patron saint of Medovia, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_George St. George], in which he is defeating a dragon. The gold plates on the horse along with the gold colored halo above his head signify St. George's holiness. The blue color background is the same shade of blue used on the Medovian flag which symbolizes the river of life. St. George plays an important role as a protector of the Medovian nation and state; he is one of the most venerated Saints in the country.  
The National Coat of Arms of Medovia consists of the patron saint of Medovia, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_George St. George], in which he is defeating a dragon. The gold plates on the horse along with the gold colored halo above his head signify St. George's holiness. The blue color background is the same shade of blue used on the Medovian flag which symbolizes the river of life. St. George plays an important role as a protector of the Medovian nation and state; he is one of the most venerated Saints in the country.  
<br><br><br>
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
===National Anthem===


==Economy==
==Economy==
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===Religion===
===Religion===


==Culture==
==Medovian Language==
===Medovian Language===
The Medovian language is an Indo-European language that is classified as part of the Romance language family.  
The Medovian language is an Indo-European language which has older influences from Basque language, but also Indo-European Germanic and Latin influences that continuously influenced the language afterwards. Many linguists classify Medovian as an "Indo-European cousin" of the Basque language.


'''Alphabet'''
===Orthography===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"  
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
! rowspan="2" | Front
! rowspan="2" | Central
! colspan="2" | Back
|-
! style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Unrounded
! style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Rounded
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Close
| [i] i
|
|
| [u] u
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Near-Close
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| '''A a''' || '''B b''' || '''C c''' || '''Ćć''' || '''D d''' || '''E e''' || '''Ë ë''' || '''F f''' || '''G g''' || '''H h''' || '''I i''' || '''J j''' || '''K k''' || '''L l'''
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Mid
| [ɛ] e
| [ə] ë
|  
| [ɔ] o
|-
|-
| /ɑ/ || /b/ || /ts/ || /tʃ/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /ə/ || /f/ || /ɡ/ || /h/ || /i/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Mid-Open
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''M m''' || '''N n''' || '''O o''' || '''P p''' || '''R r''' ||'''Rr rr''' || '''S s''' || '''Ś ś''' || '''T t''' || '''U u''' || '''V v''' || '''X x'''||'''Z z''' || '''Ź ź'''
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Open
|  
|  
| [ɑ] a
|  
|-
|-
|/m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /ʁ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /dz/ || /z/ || /ʒ/
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Diphthongs
| colspan=5; style="text-align:center; | [eɪ]æ
|}
|}


Common Combinations
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | &nbsp;
!Bilabial
!Labiodental
!Alveolar
!Post-<br>alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Uvular
!Glottal
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[m] m
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |[n] n
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=3 | Stop
!<small> aspirated</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
| '''dź''' || /dʒ/
! <small>voiceless</small>
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[p] p
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" | [t] t
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[k] k
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
| '''nj''' || /ɲ/
!<small>voiced</small>
|}
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[b] b
 
| &nbsp;
'''Noun Cases'''
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[d] d
<br>
| &nbsp;
Geson - Man
| &nbsp;
{| class="wikitable"
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[g] g
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
! !! '''Indefinite singular''' !! '''Indefinite plural''' !! '''Definite singular''' !! '''Definite plural'''
! colspan=2|Affricate
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[tsʰ] c
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[tʃʰ] ć
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
| '''Nominative''' || Geson || Geson'''ëk''' || Geson'''a''' || Geson'''arak'''
! rowspan=2|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[f] f
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[s] s
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[ʃ] ś
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[χ] kh
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[h] h
|-
|-
| '''Accusative''' || Geson || Geson'''ëk''' || Geson'''a''' || Geson'''arak'''
!<small>voiced</small>
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[v] v
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[z] z
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[ʒ] ź
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
| '''Genitive''' || Geson'''i''' || Geson'''ëś''' || Geson'''ari''' || Geson'''en'''
! colspan=2|Approximant
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|[j] j
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
| '''Dative''' || Geson'''ek''' || Geson'''ëk''' || Geson'''ak''' || Geson'''evi'''
! colspan=2|Trill
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" | [r] r
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
| '''Ablative''' || Geson'''ez''' || Geson'''ëz''' || Geson'''arez''' || Geson'''areź'''
! colspan=2|Lateral
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" | [l] l
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}
|}
<br>
 
If noun ends in a vowel (a, e, ë, i, o, u). The endings are changed respectively:
'''Alphabet'''
<br>
Emake - Woman
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! !! '''Indefinite singular''' !! '''Indefinite plural''' !! '''Definite singular''' !! '''Definite plural'''
| '''A a''' || '''B b''' || '''C c''' || '''Ćć''' || '''D d''' || '''E e''' || '''Ë ë''' || '''F f''' || '''G g''' || '''H h''' || '''I i''' || '''J j''' || '''K k''' || '''Kh kh'''  
|-
| '''Nominative''' || Emake || Emak'''ek''' || Emak'''a''' || Emak'''arak'''
|-
| '''Accusative''' || Emake || Emak'''ek''' || Emak'''a''' || Emak'''arak'''
|-
|-
| '''Genitive''' || Emake'''si''' || Emak'''eś''' || Emak'''ari''' || Emak'''en'''
| /ɑ/ || /b/ || /ts/ || /tʃ/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /ə/ || /f/ || /ɡ/ || /h/ || /i/ || /j/ || /k/ || /x/
|-
|-
| '''Dative''' || Emake'''sek''' || Emake'''rek''' || Emak'''ak''' || Emak'''evi'''
| '''L l'''||'''M m''' || '''N n''' || '''O o''' || '''P p''' || '''R r''' || '''S s''' || '''Ś ś''' || '''T t''' || '''U u''' || '''V v''' || '''Z z''' || '''Ź ź''' || '''Æ æ'''  
|-
|-
| '''Ablative''' || Emak'''ez''' || Emak'''ez''' || Emak'''arez''' || Emak'''areź'''
| /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/ || /ʒ/ || /eɪ/
|}
|}
===Grammar===


'''Verb Cases'''
=== Examples ===
 
'''Common Articles'''
 
'''Examples'''
<br>
<br>
I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
<br>
<br>
Ne bajna damuśo hori ne ëdućo po nje bat umbasidźu enzat nire hëlmetik.
Es sol penićerem kva es fabe unë vidæ për moj Patriam.
<br>
<br>
'''‡‡‡'''
'''‡‡‡'''


==Culture==
===Music and Art===
===Music and Art===
===Cuisine===
===Cuisine===
===Sports===
===Sports===
[[Category:Countries in Anteria]]

Latest revision as of 03:42, 19 May 2022

Republic of Medovia
Rëspublik Medovia (Medovian)
Medovian Flag
Flag
Medovian Coat of Arms
Coat of arms
Motto: "Dosem, Sjemćar, Patromlik"
"God, Family, Fatherland"
Anthem: Mil Hameltik!
My Homeland!
Capital
and largest city
Gavarnik
Official languagesMedovian
Ethnic groups
94% Medovian
6% Other
Demonym(s)Medovian
GovernmentUnitary Parliamentary Republic
• President
Jakob Ferrantem
Gregor Genoves
LegislatureParliament of Medovia
Independence
Population
• 2019 estimate
17,450,200
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
$83.172 billion
• Per capita
$15,646
HDI (2019)0.825
very high
CurrencyDeru
Driving sideright

Medovia, officially the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Rëspublik Medovia), is a country in Anteria.

History

Timeline

Antiquity

The Medovian people are said to have come into existence after the migration of several Indo-European tribes to the Medovian Basin, south of the current day capital of Medovia, Gavarnik. The proto-Medovian language, which at the time was much closer to the Basque language, was spoken by a dominant tribe that had setup trading posts near today's Medovian Coast. The assimilation of the tribes that had come to the basin and coast resulted into the Medovian ethnos and nation. Linguistic analysis shows continued Indo-European influence on the Medovian language to bring it from the proto-Medovian which was not classified as Indo-European to an Indo-European status. Throughout antiquity, much of the Medovian people were politically divided despite having a common heritage, language, and territorial area. Wars between clans and regions were common and the disunity of the early part of Medovia's history gave the nation a great disadvantage.

St. George
Patron Saint of Medovia

The adoption of Christianity was an important milestone in Medovian history. The Medovian people were quick to adopt the religion which had reached them through missionaries spreading the word of Christ. The adoption of Christianity greatly united the Medovian people culturally and also helped to decrease the amount of divisions that were present in the Medovian homeland. The Medovian Catholic Church helped unite Medovians culturally what politically was not possible because of bitter rivalries and regional disagreements. The Medovian Catholic Church remained quite independent throughout the centuries and despite pressures to unite with other branches, the Church remained independent and steadfast to a "wholly independent Church, loyal to traditions of Christ".

As commerce and technology improve so did societal and political organization of the Medovians. Much of the inhabited lands by Medovians were located in present day Medovia's Southern portion, especially along the coast where commerce thrived. The major port city of Peshkaji became the center of Medovian political and cultural life. Peshkaji is located around 100km south of the capital Gavarnik. Yet much into the Middle Ages, the Medovian nation was focused on commerce and political unification as a whole was still lacking; historians describe this era as the "Confederal Era" as small governing cantons comprised of the Medovian homeland, that governed quite independently from each other and the unity among the cantons was very loose and formal. The Confederal Era, however, came to an abrupt end, when invasions and threats from the North disrupted the Medovian nation.

Unification & Invasions

The al-Abas emirate rapidly expanded after the adoption of Islam, which united warring clans within their society. For centuries, the al-Abas remained far north and even commerce links were established between al-Abas and the Medovian cantons. Geography acted as a natural barrier between the two nations. The al-Abas invasion changed the whole calculation for the Medovian nation. In the middle of the 14th century, al-Abas Emir authorized warrior groups to venture South and establish settlements. The venture resulted in al-Abassian raids on northern Medovian cantons. The Medovian cantons were ill-prepared for the fierce raids and pillaging that were being carried out by al-Abassian warriors and tribesmen. The northern cantons were especially suffering from the ever-changing security situation. Many of the governors of the cantons appealed to Peshkaji Canton, which was the stronger canton of the Medovian area. The Peshkaji Canton opened diplomatic talks with the al-Abassian Emir.

King Andros Petrosabir

Decades of on and off ceasefires, truce deals, did little to bring the stability that many of the cantons had hoped for. No one trusted the central Peshkaji Canton to really care about their security. The instability finally brought a huge wave of desire to unite the Medovian cantons into one centralized state. The main reason was to establish a centralized security force to defend Medovian lands from continual threats to the North. The the early 15th century, the Gavarnik Pact was signed by all the governors of the cantons, Gavarnik was at a time a small coastal town north of Peshkaji, which was significant for being the place where the Holy See of the Medovian Apostolic Church was located. The pact in short created a Kingdom of Medovia out of all the Medovian cantons, where now the cantons became regions directly subservient to the central regal authority and in return a centralized armed force was to be created for protection of all regions. The capital was designated to be in Gavarnik rather than the larger city of Peshkaji as a compromise. The King of all Medovians as the title was established was unanimously given to Andros Petrosabir, a general and warrior from a very respected family, whose lineage went back to the early Medovian Christian founders. The Church and the Governors unanimously approved of the coronation of Andros Petrosabir as the first King of Medovia.

Kingdom of Medovia

King Petrosabir enacted an intensive state and military building that would serve as the foundation for the Medovian State for centuries to come. Firstly, the newly united armed forces were able to put a stop to continuous aggression from al-Abas. In the mid 15th century, al-Abas was soundly defeated at the Battle of Upper Maradeś and Medovian forces took over the al-Abasian city of Maradeś. The brutal take-over of the city and the resulting reprisal attacks by angry Medovian soldiers, brought the Emir of al-Abas to the negotiation table for a lasting peace. Thus, King Petrosabir's legacy isn't only as being the first king of the Kingdom of Medovia, but also the leader who was able to finally bring al-Abas to its knees.

Flag of the Kingdom of Medovia

After the death of King Petrosabir, the Kingdom of Medovia entered an era known as the Era of Creation. During this time of stability, intensive economic development, cultural advancement, and also territorial gains were registered. While wars and internal strife came and went, the foundation of the Kingdom stood steadfast and so did Medovia's prowess and clout throught the world. During these centuries, Gavaranik developed from a small provincial, fishing town to a major commercial and cultural city, which benefited from the increased centralization of the state. Into the early 18th century, a general fatigue in Medovian society began to arise over the Royal family and the increasingly authoritarian methods of the Kings. The 18th century saw a burst of liberal throughout throughout Medovia and the ruling class along with the King had to balance the traditionalism of the Kingdom with the ever-changing increase of such liberal thought and eagerness for greater equity. The Medovian Kings were deeply entrenched in a very traditional and top-down form of governance, which did not help bring about proper reforms for the changing times. The mid to late 18th century saw quite a bit of internal strife, protests that were brutally suppressed, and general economic decline. In 1775, King Stëfać III instituted a policy akin to martial law in an effort to bring back stability to the country and root out any such dissidence. Expectedly, this only worsened the already tense situation, however, the country was deeply divided between a segment of society fiercely loyal to the King and to the traditional system of the Kingdom, while the other segment hungry for reform that they believed would make the existing system stronger and more just.

Medovian Civil War

In 1777, in the eastern province of Serram, an armed group attacked a Royal Command Post, killing the soldiers in the process and taking the commanding General hostage. Many historians attribute the take-over of the Serram Command Post as the start of the brutal civil war that lasted in Medovia till the early 19th century. King Stëfać III's heavy handed response to the take-over ignited a war that was already simmering for decades. The opponents to the King were organized as the Cantonist Army, who advocated for Medovia to go back to being a Confederation like before the Kingdom, decentralize the state, and give power back to the cantons (during the Kingdom known as Royal Provinces), hence the label "Cantonist".

King Stëfać III of Medovia

They believed that the biggest threat to Medovian tradition and people was a centralized power, disconnected from its people, and disregarding the issues and people of the places outside the capital region. King Stëfać III was viewed as arrogant and too pompous, indulged in the riches of high life, and betraying the very institution that he was born into. The Cantonist Army had a fairly democratic leadership, many civil leaders, defected military officials/generals, compromised of a Executive Council, which controlled the army. The Cantonists had a lot of public supports in rural areas across Medovia, however, cities, especially the capital, remained fiercely loyal to the King, who they viewed as appointed by God and the only true ruler of the Medovians. In the early years of the civil war, King Stëfać III was able to easily rout the Cantonists, who were often no match to the professional Royal Army, however, continued political blunders and heavy handed tactics began to affect the sympathy that the people had for the Royal Army. The Cantonists were able to take advantage of the discontent and increase the size of their ranks. What was greatly lacking for the Cantonists in the early years were arms and ammunition. One spring morning in the city of Mëbërś, Cantonists planned and executed a fantastic attack and takeover of one of the most important military sites for the Royal Army, which had been left lightly guarded for a short period of time. The take-over of this site, which was rich in arms and ammunition, proved to be the event that prevented the Royal Army from totally finishing off the Cantonist insurrection.

Cantonist Forces preparing for battle

By 1780, fierce battles were taking place between Cantonist and Royal forces. Most of the fighting was taking place in rural areas and Cantonists were gaining ground with also changing tactics to be more unpredictable and guerrilla tactics. The Royal Forces however still controlled major cities and routes, but the toll on the forces continued to linger. The Cantonists were also receiving former and defecting military officers, who greatly helped the ill-prepared force to become much more professional and formidable against the King's forces. In 1781, Cantonist forces conducted a wide range assault to take over the large city of Mëbërś, whose population was sympathetic to their cause. The Battle of Mëbërś was especially bloody and lasted for several days, delving into street by street fighting and chaos. Finally, the General of the Royal Forces sounded a retreat and thus handed over the coveted prize of Mëbërś to the Cantonists. Historians via the Capture of Mëbërś as not a turning point in the war, but rather the "solidification" of the warring sides. With control of Mëbërś, the Cantonists had a major area of the country under their control and now the war would enter a more serious phase as the powers between the two sides began to equal slowly. From 1781 to 1790, Medovia was de-facto divided into two countries: one under the control of the Cantonists and the other still the Kingdom of Medovia. Skirmishes and battles ensued throughout the decade, but little significant advance was made. Temporary ceasefires were also enacted throughout this period.

A Medovian Royal General at battle

The long and grueling war had taken its toll on King Stëfać III and the Generals around him. Records shows that the King was very impatient and discontent with the progress that the Cantonists had made and he realized the great danger that Medovia may be divided for good. In 1791, King Stëfać III issued a royal decree to conscript thousands of young men and prepare for a Campaign to unite the country and put an end to the Cantonist insurrection. The King's Military Generals devised a wide-ranging campaign that would bring the war to an end in just 6 months. However, the Cantonist Forces received word of the plans by their spies in the capital and decided to launch a surprise attack and thwart the power of the coming campaign. With that, Cantonist Forces began a widespread attack towards end of 1791, catching the Royal Forces by surprise. The Campaign that was supposed to put and end to the war unraveled and disorganization spread throughout the King's army as Cantonist Forces relentless pushed town by town towards the capital city.

To counter the Cantonist advances, the King activated one of the most elite regiments in the Royal Army: the King's Loyal Legion. The Loyal Legion was composed of fighters that had essentially grown up in a military background and from a small age had been trained to be soldiers. They were fiercely loyal to the King and very skilled and effective fighters. They were renowned and feared around the world. The King had been prudent not to use them so much and only in necessity and now the time had come. The full entrance of the Loyal Legion into the war was able to "stop the bleeding" and halt the Cantonist advances. At certain points, Cantonist suffered heavy defeats at hands of the Loyal Legion and supporting troops. At the same time, military officials throughout the ranks were becoming ever-so weary of the King's approach and viewed the Legion with resentment, whom they saw as overriding their authority. Increasing defections and angry generals led to a very fragile predicament for the King's army as the war entered the year 1795.

As the Royal Army shrunk and the country's economy was on the brink of collapse, military general implored with the King to negotiate lasting peace deal with the Cantonists, however, the King refused confident that the Loyal Legion would lead the fight and finally defeat the Cantonists, which according to inaccurate sources were on the brink of surrender. In reality, the Cantonists were well positioned and confident. After a year of lull in hostilities, the Cantonists made forceful push towards the capital Gavarnik. With his army in a state of disarray, King Stëfać recalled the Loyal Legion and most of the Royal troops to defend the capital. The Cantonists were able to advance often uncontested and swiftly took over the countryside near Gavarnik. In 1797, began the battle of Gavarnik, which was notably fierce as many of the people of Gavarnik were still fiercely loyal to the King and thus soldiers and citizens alike took up arms to fight against the Cantonists. Street to street fighting and grueling battles brought the capital to economic ruin and a populace on the bring of starvation. In the spring of 1798, Cantonist forces had taken over all of the capital, except for the Petrosabir District, where was located the Royal Palace. Many of the Cantonists forces hoped for a peaceful surrender of the King and didn't want a bloodshed in one of the most historic areas of the country. Furthermore, there was a great fear among the soldiers of killing the King, who the Church recognized as appointed by God. After a month long stand-off and skirmishes, King Stëfać III finally agreed to a full surrender. The terms of the surrender was clear: a full abdication, end of the Monarchic system, and a transition of the country to a Confederacy. Upon signing the surrender that would seal the fate of the country, King Stëfać III famously remarked after: "Today, you act as gods in removing me, tomorrow you will answer to God and the Medovian nation. May God forgive me for my weakness; but my hands are clear."

The Medovian Confederation is officially proclaimed in Gavarnik

The surrender of King Stëfać III on April 7, 1798 ended an almost 21 year blood civil war that had left most of the country in ruins and divided. Many Cantonists urged for King Stëfać III to be executed for his crimes; however, the victorious leaders refused to entertain such an idea as they put it: "executing a King would stain not only our legacy for ages to come but the soul of this nation". The Cantonists allowed for the King and is family to move to a Royal manor north of Gavarnik by the shore to live out the rest of their years. The Cantonists also immediately established a transitional government to oversee the country's transition to a Confederacy. Much needed to be done: a new constitution, creation of a whole new system, maintaining social order and reviving the economy. The new leaders of Medovia knew that the Confederation would have to have a strong and stable national army in order not to fail for the same reasons that the previous Medovian Confederation fell. They also decided to keep the capital as Gavarnik, but split Gavarnik into two Cantons. On March 1, 1800 the Medovian Confederation was officially proclaimed and the new constitution put into force. The era of the Kingdom had come to a violent end.

The Medovian Confederation

The Government of the Medovian Confederation took over a country that had ravaged by a two decade civil war; a huge task laid before the new government to rebuild an entire infrastructure, the national army, and implement new functioning governmental institutions. The Confederation had a rather decentralized structure of power, especially compared to power structure of the Kingdom. They also maintained a policy of neutrality in terms of foreign policy. The executive consisted of a rotating Presidency, but the real power lied with the cantons of Medovia, who had considerable autonomy and also were represented in the Canton Assembly at a national level. The rebuilding of the country took over a decade and much work was coordinated with the cantons to implement everything. Importantly, the new Government gave great autonomy and respect to the Medovian Apostolic Church, which retained its status as the national church of the country. The Confederation also inherited some of the excellent military generals that served the King in order to rebuild a national army. Historians label much of the 19th century as a period of rebuilding and some openly question whether the Confederal system of government contributed to a long period of reconstruction, which would have been more efficient with a more centralized government structure. In all, peace and stability was something many Medovians had not experienced for over two decades and this period was a time to create and grow. The population of Medovia greatly increased during this time period. Medovia also invested heavily in building a strong navy and trading ships in order to protect the Medovian coast and secure Medovia's trade. The Civil War till this day has left its mark on Medovian society: the divide between monarchist traditionalism and liberal egalitarianism can still be seen till today. The relative lull however began to end as the Medovian Confederation entered the 20th century.

Flag of the Medovian Confederation: The six stars represent the original 6 cantons of Medovia

The early 20th century was a century of exploding ideologies and friction in many countries and societies around the world. Medovia was likewise not immune to the ideologies that were coming through and spreading in the large cities. In particular, the early 1900s saw a rise in nationalist, communist, and also monarchist activist groups. Many wanted radical change in a country and society that they saw as "asleep" and "out of touch" from the rest of the world. The communist groups viewed the Confederation as a weak government that enabled uncontrolled capitalism in the Cantons, which exploited Medovian workers. The Nationalists wanted to change the Confederation to a stronger and more central government that would abandon neutrality and focus on Medovian ethnic interests. While the Monarchist groups (often connected with the church) sought the return of the Monarchic system, which they viewed the only legitimate way to continue rule. The government of Medovia did not expect these groups to turn violent, but several violent protests, and fighting between the groups was omnipresent throughout the 1920s. The national army was often involved to restore peace and order. However, the decentralized system of government, again showed its major weakness as the instability continued into the 1930s. An important pact between Nationalist and Monarchist groups consolidated them into one group, whose aim was opposition towards the communists, who they feared as potentially preparing to take over the government and instill a socialist state like was happening in countries around the world at the time. In 1937, a group of militant communists who were well armed and connected, attempted to overthrow the Medovian Government. At first it seemed, they would be successful as the communists secured the branches of Government and declared a Socialist Republic. However, 10 days of fighting between the National Army who did not recognize the Communist Government and communist militants ended with the surrender and later execution of the ringleaders of the overthrow attempt. The Confederal Government was utterly powerless in this time and the National Army began to take more and more control in the absence of central leadership to ensure stability. After the violence in the country got worse as Medovia entered 1938, Supreme General of the Medovian Armed Forces, Albert Këpucavar, along with other high ranking military officials overthrew the Medovian Government in a bloodless coup d'etat and declared the start of the Military Junta.

1938 Military Junta

General Albert Këpucavar announced in a radio address in the spring of 1938 that the Medovian Military had full control over all branches of Government and that the country was under control. In his famous radio speech, the General defended the coup by saying that, "We in the military could not look on as our beautiful country was about to be taken over by Communist Revolutionaries. We will restore order then we will give the country back to the people." Indeed the situation in the 1938 had reached a boiling point and the Confederal Government was simply to weak to properly deal with the security challenges of the country; thus, the military easily filled the vacuum. The coup was welcomed by most people who saw it as a chance for stability to finally take root in the country after fighting between radical groups had really rocked the country. Of course, left-wing activists and liberal minded people were deeply concerned at what the coup would bring in terms of freedoms. The 1938 Military Junta established a Military Government whose main legislative and executive power was exercised by the Supreme Military Council: a council composed of high ranking military Generals and officials from Medovia's security apparatus. The Supreme Military Council was headed by General Albert Këpucavar who was in essence the head of state and head of government. The new military junta immediately enacted martial law and strict curfew laws throughout the country. The military controlled all types of movement within the country. From 1938 to 1940, the military arrested thousands of communist and leftist activists throughout the country. Human rights activists commented that left-wing activists were rounded up and without trial thrown in jails and often times concentration camps; for many the detainment was a death sentence. The Military also fiercely crushed Communist militant groups that remained in the country in brutal crackdowns. These years have come to be known as the "Dark Years" in Medovia as fear of the crackdowns spread through the country. Stability was quickly achieved, albeit at a high cost.

General Albert Këpucavar: Head of the Military Junta

The purpose of the Junta was to restore stability and then give the country back to the people, however, such a transition did not happen quickly. The Military Council justified the continuation with the premise that security threats still remained and that a transition of government would be extremely risky. While human rights activists deride this period, a majority of Medovians actually began to approve of the Military Junta's rule, which had brought security and stability to the country, with that the economy began to bloom. Of course, activists opposed were often silenced and Medovian nationalist and religious groups were extremely supportive of the military rule, which they described as "bringing back dignity" to the Medovian nation. As a result, the Military Junta was able to rule for several decades without many challenges and Medovian society conformed to the rather centralized and restricted way of life and governance. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the populace began to become more vocal about a democratic transition; they wanted free and fair elections. Small demonstrations began to take place and the Military Junta very well realized that it needed to deal with this issue quickly. In 1983, in an extraordinary decision, the Supreme Military Council affirmed that on September 10, 1985, the country will hold free and democratic elections and with that the country will transition to a democratic republic. There was intensive debate on whether the Monarchy should be brought back, should the Confederation structure be revived, but it was decided that the most reasonable course of action was going to be the establishment of a Parliamentary Republic. The transition to democracy was notably bloodless, yet historians view that the Junta had simply run its course and that there was no other option. Many believe that the military calculated that their power would make them a powerful force, regardless who governed, and thus were more easy to make such a decision. Nevertheless, free and fair elections were held on September 10, 1985, the military junta stepped down, and the Republic of Medovia was born.

Transition to Democracy

Geography

Map of Medovia with its major cities

Medovia has a generous coastline that has been an important facet of the development of the country. Fishing and commerce have flourished among the cities by the coast, where also is located the capital, Gavaranik. The lands near the coast are generally more flat and/or hilly with generous vegetation. The northern coast of Medovia is rocky, while the southern coast is not as much. The Western portion of the country is more rugged and mountainous especially towards the Western border. A mountain range runs from the south to the north along the area of the Western border.

Medovia in general has a temperate climate with hot summers, rainy spring season, and a fairly cold winter season that gets much colder in the inland of the country. The rather rainy season yields very lush vegetation in the coastline areas and it is for this reason the Medovian people first settled in those areas, where the soil was very rich and water was abundant.




Politics and Government

Medovia is a parliamentary constitutional republic and sovereign state whose politics operate under a framework laid out in the constitution wherein the president functions as the head of state and the prime minister as the head of government. The sovereignty is vested in the Medovian people and exercised by the Medovian people through their representatives or directly.

The executive power is exercised by the president and prime minister whereby the power of the president is very limited. The Prime Minister is the commander-in-chief of the military and the President is the representative of the unity of the Medovian people. The tenure of the president depends on the confidence of the parliament and is elected for a five-year term by the parliament by a majority of three-fifths of all its members. The prime minister, appointed by the president and approved by the parliament, is authorized to constitute the cabinet. The cabinet is composed primarily of the prime minister inclusively its deputies and ministers.

President

Jakob Ferrantem
Current President of Medovia

The president of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Legëlburu), officially styled President of the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Rëspublikasi Legëlburu) is the head of state and the representative of the unity of the Medovian people.

The president has the power to set the date of the elections for the Parliament as well as referendum, grants pardons and awards and other state awards. In case of incapability to discharge duties of office, the Chairperson of the Parliament assumes the office of acting president until the president resumes duty, or until election of a new president. The Office of the President of Medovia consists of the immediate staff of the president of the country, as well as support staff reporting to the president. The office is seated in the Presidential Office in the capital city Gavarnik.

The president is elected through a secret vote and without debate by the Parliament of Medovia by a majority of three-fifths of all its members and is in every case elected for 5 years. However, the Constitution of Medovia sets a limit to a maximum of two terms in office. The president-elect is required to take an oath of office before the members of the Parliament of Medovia. The President must not belong to any political party.

Prime Minister

Gregor Genoves
Current Prime Minister of Medovia

The prime minister of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Ćjefministër), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Rëspublikasi Ćjefministër), is the head of government of the Republic of Medovia and as well the most powerful and influential person in Medovian politics. The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation, represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings, and also is commander-in-chief of the military.

The prime minister is appointed by the president of Medovia after each general election and must have the confidence of the Parliament of Medovia to stay in office. The Council is responsible for carrying out both foreign and domestic policies. It directs and controls the activities of the ministries and other state organs. The prime minister is elected on the basis of universal suffrage, through a secret ballot, for a four-year term. The Constitution of Medovia sets no limit as to office terms of the prime minister.





Parliament

Parliament of Medovia

Medovasi Legebilcarag
Structure
Seats150
Svgfiles 2021-05-10-01-28-01-646289-2640686051133157690.svg
Political groups
Government (85)
  Medovian National Front (91)
  Patriotic Union (6)
Opposition (65)
  Democratic Alliance (32)
  Centre Way (16)
  Medovian Socialist Movement (5)
Elections
Last election
May 2021
Next election
TBD

The Parliament of Medovia (Medovian: Medovasi Legebilcarag) is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Medovia; it is Medovia's legislature. The Parliament is composed of not less than 150 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot. The Parliament is presided over by a Speaker of the Parliament, who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker. The electoral system is based on party-list proportional representation.

Formation of Government requires at least 76 seats to be secured by party outright or via a ruling coalition. After an election, the President officially tasks the leader of the political party with most votes to form a ruling coalition for government. The leader of the party that has garnered the most votes in the election will generally serve as Prime Minister. The newly formed Parliament will then be tasked to elect the President, for which 2/3 votes are required.

A vote of no confidence may be proposed if one-tenth of the members of Parliament sign the proposition and starting from three days before the appointed date, said vote can be brought into discussion. A majority of MPs must vote in favour of a declaration of no confidence for it to be successful. If the prime minister loses the no confidence vote, his/her entire government must resign and snap Parliamentary elections must be called.

The current government ruling coalition and opposition:

Parties Status Total MPs
Medovian National Front, Patriotic Union Government Ruling Coalition 97/150
Democratic Alliance, Centre Way, Medovian Socialist Movement In Opposition 53/150

Political Parties

Name Abbr. Founded Leader Political Position Ideology MPs
Medovian National Front
Medovas Nacionlik Fiśdar
MNF 15 August 1985 Gregor Genoves Right National Conservatism, Social Conservatism, Economic Liberalism, Nationalism
91 / 150
Democratic Alliance
Demokratlik Itunśat
DA 2 July 1985 Simon Pagosov Centre-Left Liberalism, Social Liberalism
32 / 150
Medovian Socialist Movement
Medovas Socialisnik Efmarźa
MSM 23 September 1985 Meriam Akobeś Left Social Democracy, Progressivism, Social Ecology
5 / 150
Centre Way
Centrum Modu
CW 1 March 1993 Madir Lestrica Centre Centrism, Economic Liberalism,
16 / 150
Patriotic Union
Hameltikeś Bëtërsunar
PU 20 April 1988 Andras Metusalem Far-Right Ethnic Nationalism, Social Conservatism, Interventionism
6 / 150

Military

Foreign Relations

Medovia conducts a multi-vector foreign policy focused on regional security, counter-terrorism, and territorial integrity. Republic of Medovia is a founding member of the Anteria Conservative Alliance and a member of the South Anterian Defense Alliance.

Symbols

National Flag

Flag of Medovia


The National Flag of Medovia is consists of two primary colors and has a ratio of 3:5 (1.667). The blue color symbolizes the river of life given to the Medovian people and the yellow strip through the symbolizes the light of God and Jesus Christ which has illuminated the Medovian people throughout their history and a testament to the Christian heritage of Medovia.

Scheme Blue Yellow Blue
RGB 1-30-86 255-205-0 1-30-86
RGB hex triplet 011e56 FFCD00 011e56

National Coat of Arms

Stgeorgearms7.png


The National Coat of Arms of Medovia consists of the patron saint of Medovia, St. George, in which he is defeating a dragon. The gold plates on the horse along with the gold colored halo above his head signify St. George's holiness. The blue color background is the same shade of blue used on the Medovian flag which symbolizes the river of life. St. George plays an important role as a protector of the Medovian nation and state; he is one of the most venerated Saints in the country.





Economy

Demographics

Education

Religion

Medovian Language

The Medovian language is an Indo-European language that is classified as part of the Romance language family.

Orthography

Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded
Close [i] i [u] u
Near-Close
Mid [ɛ] e [ə] ë [ɔ] o
Mid-Open
Open [ɑ] a
Diphthongs [eɪ]æ
  Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal [m] m   [n] n          
Stop aspirated                
voiceless [p] p   [t] t     [k] k    
voiced [b] b   [d] d     [g] g    
Affricate     [tsʰ] c [tʃʰ] ć        
Fricative voiceless   [f] f [s] s [ʃ] ś     [χ] kh [h] h
voiced   [v] v [z] z [ʒ] ź        
Approximant         [j] j      
Trill     [r] r          
Lateral     [l] l          

Alphabet

A a B b C c Ćć D d E e Ë ë F f G g H h I i J j K k Kh kh
/ɑ/ /b/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /d/ /ɛ/ /ə/ /f/ /ɡ/ /h/ /i/ /j/ /k/ /x/
L l M m N n O o P p R r S s Ś ś T t U u V v Z z Ź ź Æ æ
/l/ /m/ /n/ /ɔ/ /p/ /r/ /s/ /ʃ/ /t/ /u/ /v/ /z/ /ʒ/ /eɪ/

Grammar

Examples


I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
Es sol penićerem kva es fabe unë vidæ për moj Patriam.
‡‡‡

Culture

Music and Art

Cuisine

Sports