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{{Region icon Kylaris}}
{{Region icon Kylaris}}
{{wip}}
{{Infobox official post
{{Infobox official post
| post                    = President
| post                    = President
| body                    = Belmonte
| body                    = Belmonte
| native_name              = <small>Presidente de Belmonte ({{wp|Portuguese language|Iustan}})</small>
| native_name              = <small>Presidente de Belmonte ({{wp|Portuguese language|Luzelese}})</small>
| flag                    = Belmonte presidential flag.png
| flag                    = Belmonte_flag.png
| flagcaption              = Presidential flag of Belmonte
| flagcaption              = [[Flag of Belmonte]]
| image                    = Caetano_villa-lobos.jpg
| insignia                = Brasão_belmonte.png
| insigniacaption          = [[Coat of arms of Belmonte]]
| image                    = Ricardo_Lewandowski_2011.jpg
| imagesize                = 225px
| imagesize                = 225px
| alt                      = Caetano Villa-Lobos
| incumbent                = [[Caetano Villa-Lobos]]
| incumbent                = [[Caetano Villa-Lobos]]
| incumbentsince          = 15 September 2010
| incumbentsince          = 15 September 2015
| status                  = {{wp|Chief of State}}
| status                  = {{wp|Head of state}}
| style                    = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}}<br>{{wp|Mr. President (title)|Mr/Mrs. President}}
| department              = [[Government of Belmonte]]<br>[[National Defence Council (Belmonte)|National Defence Council]]<br>[[Council of State (Belmonte)|State Council]]
| member_of                = [[State Council of Belmonte|State Council]]<br>[[National Defence Council of Belmonte|National Defence Council]]
| style                    = {{wp|Mr. President (title)|Mr. President}}<br>(informal)<br>{{wp|The Most Excellent}}<br>(formal)<br>{{wp|Excellency}}<br>(international)
| residence                = [[Mascarenhas Palace]], [[Castelonovo]]
| member_of                = [[Council of State (Belmonte)|State Council]]{{·}}[[National Defence Council (Belmonte)|National Defence Council]]
| appointer                = [[National Congress of Belmonte|Electoral College]]
| residence                = [[Mascarenhas Palace]]
| termlength              = five years, renewable
| seat                    = [[Castelonovo]]
| nominator                = Self-nomination
| appointer                = {{wp|Direct election}}<br>{{wp|Two-round system}}<br>{{wp|Universal suffrage}}
| termlength              = Five years<br>Renewable once
| termlength_qualified    =  
| constituting_instrument  = [[Constitution of Belmonte|Constitution]]
| constituting_instrument  = [[Constitution of Belmonte|Constitution]]
| precursor                = [[Captain-Regent of Belmonte|Captain-Regent]]
| formation                = 10 January 1793
| formation                = 18 April 1819
| first                    = [[Jorge Aranha]]
| first                    = [[Jorge Aranha]]
| salary                  = ₡68,837
| salary                  = $68,837
| website                  =  
| website                  = [http://wwww.belmonte.gov.be wwww.belmonte.gov.be]
}}
}}
The '''President of Belmonte''' ({{wp|Portuguese language|Iustan}}: ''Presidente de Belmonte''), officially the '''President of the United Republic of Belmonte''' (Iustan: ''Presidente da República Unida de Belmonte''), is the {{wp|chief of state}} of [[Belmonte]] and therefore the highest officer in the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the [[Belmontese Armed Forces|armed forces]].
{{Politics of Belmonte}}
The '''President of Belmonte''' ({{wp|Portuguese language|Luzelese}}: ''Presidente de Belmonte''), officialy the '''President of the United Republic of Belmonte''' (Luzelese: ''Presidente da República Unida de Belmonte''), is the {{wp|head of state}} of [[Belmonte]] and {{wp|commander-in-chief}} of the [[Belmontese Armed Forces]].


The origins of the presidential office could be traced back to the [[Federalist Revolt]], where many members of the Belmontese elite of the time such as politicians, philosophers, merchants and military officers, unsatisfied with the current [[History of Belmonte|confederalist regime]] that they saw as weak and antiquated, started a revolt to establish a federalist republic with strong national institutions which received the support of a considerable majority of the population and the army, with the office being officially created in 1819. Initially, the president was both the chief of state and {{wp|chief of government}} as well since Belmonte was a {{wp|presidential system|presidential republic}}, with the presidency slowly beginning to become an extremely authoritarian office thanks to its wide range of powers which made the [[National Congress of Belmonte|National Congress]] left without any authority. Due to that, the [[Belmontese Revolution]] broke out in 1836, and a new constitution heavily limited its powers and established a parliamentary system of government. Since then, the president primarily serves as a figurehead without any practical or governmental power, although it still maintains some of them.
The office of the presidency was created after the {{wp|Liberalism|liberal victory}} in the [[Federalist Revolt]], leading to the establishment of the [[First Belmontese Republic|First Republic]] and the nomination of revolutionary [[Jorge Aranha]] as the first holder of the office. Previously, Belmonte's head of state was the [[Captain-Regent of Belmonte|Captain-Regent]], a largely ceremonial post controlled by the {{wp|Oligarchy|rural oligarchic elites}} of the [[Confederation of Belmonte|Confederation era]]. Initially, as part of the First Republic's {{wp|presidential system}}, the post had a larger number of powers and influence than it has today, leading to a bigger {{wp|Centralization|centralization of powers}} as the country became a ''de facto'' {{wp|one-party state}} under the [[Liberal Party (Belmonte)|Liberal Party]], eventually leading to the [[1828 Coup]] and the beginning of the [[Durão Era]].


According to the [[Constitution of Belmonte|1836 constitution]], it’s the responsibility of the president of command the armed forces; appoint and dismiss the prime minister and its cabinet; dissolve the parliament; convoke new elections; represent the State in international and domestic meetings; enact new legislation; order pardons; appoint ambassadors among others. The president is elected indirectly through the [[National Congress of Belmonte|Electoral College]], where it is needed at least half of the votes to be elected for a mandate of five years that could be renewable. As a way to maintain the office as much impartial as possible, it’s strictly prohibited that the president in office remains affiliated or shows support to any political party or association of its kind.
After the [[Belmontese Revolution]] and [[Belmontese Revolution|Durão's ousting of power]], both liberal and [[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|conservative]] politicians would meet in [[Riachuelo]] to discuss long-term stability proposals for the newly-established [[Third Belmontese Republic|Third Republic]], resulting in the [[Riachuelo Agreement]]. The following [[Constitution of Belmonte|constitution]] curtailed several powers of the presidency amid the establishment of a {{wp|parliamentary system}}, but the post nonetheless had significant influence as a mediator among the two groups and would be {{wp|Rotation government|rotated among both parties}} during most of the entirety of the Third Republic until the [[1906-1913 political crisis in Belmonte|breaking of the agreement in 1906]].


The president is also responsible for lead and manage the [[State Council of Belmonte|State Council of the Republic]] and the [[National Defence Council of Belmonte|National Defence Council]].
The [[National Renovation Coup]] would suspend the former constitution and give way to the {{wp|Authoritarianism|authoritarian}} [[Berquó Era]], who centralized all powers to the presidency once again and {{wp|Rule by decree|ruled through decree}}. The [[Berquó Era|fall of the former dictatorial regime]] and the establishment of the [[New Republic (Belmonte)|New Republic]] in 1935 essentially stripped the presidency of all remaining powers, now seen as a largely ceremonial post that nonetheless still holds some duties.


The current holder of the office is [[Caetano Villa-Lobos]], who assumed the presidency at 15 of September of 2010.
Although considered to be a mostly ceremonial office, it's the role of the president to appoint and dismiss the [[Premier of Belmonte|premier]] and his or her [[Cabinet of Belmonte|cabinet]], dissolve the [[National Congress of Belmonte|National Congress]], declare {{wp|general elections}} and command the Armed Forces, however, all of these actions must have the consent and approval of either the premier or Congress. The president has the [[Council of State (Belmonte)|State Council]] and [[National Defence Council (Belmonte)|National Defence Council]] as {{wp|Advisory board|advisory boards}} and is elected through the {{wp|Suffrage|popular vote}} for a five-year term that could be renewed once.
==Role==
According to the constitution, the roles of the president of the republic are:
 
* Perform the office of commander-in-chief of the [[Belmontese Armed Forces|armed forces of Belmonte]];
* Dissolve the National Congress as well as the government before convoking a new general election;
* Appoint the prime minister and its cabinet based on the results of the general election, with the power of dismissing them after the approval of a motion  of non-confidence by the congress;
* Appoint senators after a general election under the consent of the prime minister and government and opposition parties;
* Proclaim a {{wp|state of siege}};
* Declare war or peace under the consent of the government and congress;
* Enact or veto any law or decree from the government and congress, with the veto being able to be overturned by the senate;
* Represent the country in international meetings and sign treaties;
* Appoint ambassadors under the consent of the government;
* Order pardons.


While holding no real practical power, the presidency is seen as a highly honoured position and a national unifying figure by the majority of the Belmontese population.
==History==
===Origins===
===Development===
===Since 1935===
==Selection==
==Selection==
===Eligibility===
===Qualifications for office===
For someone become elected as president of the republic, the law requires that such person must be a born Belmontese citizen with its age being equal or above 35 years old. For its candidature become officialized, it’s necessary that a petition with at least 25 thousand signatures be submitted under the deadline of one month before the start of the election, and it must be properly validated by the [[Supreme Court of Belmonte|supreme court]].
===Election===
===Electoral process===
===Inauguration===
After all candidacies are validated, the candidates will participate in several questionnaires and debates that are promoted by both public and private institutions over the month of July. These campaigns could receive private donations from political parties and other civic organizations, however, they are heavily fiscalized. The first turn of the election happens on the second Sunday of August, and if no candidate manages to get more than 50% of the votes of the electoral college, a second turn between the two most voted candidates happens on the penultimate Sunday of the same month.
{{quote box
===Inauguration and oath===
|width    = 21em
Soon after the election of the new president, the country enters into a transition period that lasts until September 15th, when, by tradition, occurs the inauguration of the new president of the republic in the national congress, where it’s declared its oath:
|border    = 1px
 
|align    = left
<blockquote>''I promise, on my honour, defend Belmonte's sovereignty and freedom and comply with its Constitution.''</blockquote>
|bgcolor  = #f7c6c6
 
|halign    = left
After the oath, the new president goes to its official residence, the Mascarenhas Palace, where it happens the presidential sash change ceremony and meets with international representants and leaders. It’s a custom, although not an official one, that a prom happens at the night of inauguration day, being invited to such the members of the executive, legislative and judiciary powers as well as governors, ambassadors, diplomats and other relevant figures in general.
|quote    = ''I promise to preserve, defend and uphold the Constitution, observe the Laws, promote the general welfare of the Belmontese people, and to sustain the union, the integrity and the independence of Belmonte.''
 
|source    =&nbsp;— Presidential oath of office
==Privileges==
}}
==Role and powers==
==Sucession==
==Impeachment and removal==
==Presidential office and symbols==
===Residence and office===
===Transportation===
===Salary===
===Salary===
===Residence===
==List==
==List==
{{main|List of Belmontese Presidents}}
{{main|List of heads of state of Belmonte}}
==Living former presidents==
There are two living former Belmontese presidents:
<center><gallery>
File:José_Sarney_em_entrevista_ao_Senado_(cortada).jpg|[[Afonso de Pádua]]<br> (1990-1995)
File:Aloysio nunes 2011.jpg|[[Raposo Noronha]]<br> (2000-2010)
</gallery></center>
==See also==
==See also==
{{Template:Belmonte topics}}
{| CELLPADDING=0 width="100%"
|- VALIGN=top
|width="50%"|
* [[List of heads of state of Belmonte|List of Belmontese presidents]]
* [[Government of Belmonte]]
* [[National Defence Council (Belmonte)|National Defence Council]]
* [[Council of State (Belmonte)|State Council]]
|}
[[Category:Belmonte]]
[[Category:Belmonte]]
{{Belmontese presidents}}
{{Belmonte topics}}

Latest revision as of 00:03, 28 September 2021

Template:Region icon Kylaris

President of Belmonte
Presidente de Belmonte (Luzelese)
Brasão belmonte.png
Coat of arms of Belmonte
Belmonte flag.png
Flag of Belmonte
Ricardo Lewandowski 2011.jpg
Incumbent
Caetano Villa-Lobos
since 15 September 2015
Government of Belmonte
National Defence Council
State Council
StyleMr. President
(informal)
The Most Excellent
(formal)
Excellency
(international)
StatusHead of state
Member ofState Council · National Defence Council
ResidenceMascarenhas Palace
SeatCastelonovo
AppointerDirect election
Two-round system
Universal suffrage
Term lengthFive years
Renewable once
Constituting instrumentConstitution
Formation10 January 1793
First holderJorge Aranha
Salary$68,837
Websitewwww.belmonte.gov.be
Belmonte
Coat of arms of Belmonte
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Belmonte
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Armed Forces

The President of Belmonte (Luzelese: Presidente de Belmonte), officialy the President of the United Republic of Belmonte (Luzelese: Presidente da República Unida de Belmonte), is the head of state of Belmonte and commander-in-chief of the Belmontese Armed Forces.

The office of the presidency was created after the liberal victory in the Federalist Revolt, leading to the establishment of the First Republic and the nomination of revolutionary Jorge Aranha as the first holder of the office. Previously, Belmonte's head of state was the Captain-Regent, a largely ceremonial post controlled by the rural oligarchic elites of the Confederation era. Initially, as part of the First Republic's presidential system, the post had a larger number of powers and influence than it has today, leading to a bigger centralization of powers as the country became a de facto one-party state under the Liberal Party, eventually leading to the 1828 Coup and the beginning of the Durão Era.

After the Belmontese Revolution and Durão's ousting of power, both liberal and conservative politicians would meet in Riachuelo to discuss long-term stability proposals for the newly-established Third Republic, resulting in the Riachuelo Agreement. The following constitution curtailed several powers of the presidency amid the establishment of a parliamentary system, but the post nonetheless had significant influence as a mediator among the two groups and would be rotated among both parties during most of the entirety of the Third Republic until the breaking of the agreement in 1906.

The National Renovation Coup would suspend the former constitution and give way to the authoritarian Berquó Era, who centralized all powers to the presidency once again and ruled through decree. The fall of the former dictatorial regime and the establishment of the New Republic in 1935 essentially stripped the presidency of all remaining powers, now seen as a largely ceremonial post that nonetheless still holds some duties.

Although considered to be a mostly ceremonial office, it's the role of the president to appoint and dismiss the premier and his or her cabinet, dissolve the National Congress, declare general elections and command the Armed Forces, however, all of these actions must have the consent and approval of either the premier or Congress. The president has the State Council and National Defence Council as advisory boards and is elected through the popular vote for a five-year term that could be renewed once.

While holding no real practical power, the presidency is seen as a highly honoured position and a national unifying figure by the majority of the Belmontese population.

History

Origins

Development

Since 1935

Selection

Qualifications for office

Election

Inauguration

I promise to preserve, defend and uphold the Constitution, observe the Laws, promote the general welfare of the Belmontese people, and to sustain the union, the integrity and the independence of Belmonte.

 — Presidential oath of office

Role and powers

Sucession

Impeachment and removal

Presidential office and symbols

Residence and office

Transportation

Salary

List

Main article: List of heads of state of Belmonte

Living former presidents

There are two living former Belmontese presidents:

See also

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