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{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Theophylactus I Augustus
| name         = Theophylactus I Anicius
| image = 'Portrait of Napoleon I', studio of François Gerard, Pushkin Museum.JPG
| image       = Theophylactus I Anicius.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| image_size   = 220px
| caption = Coronation portrait
| caption     =  
| succession = [[Monarchy of Latium|Latin Emperor]]
| succession   = [[Monarchy of Latium|Latin Emperor]] (''[[wikipedia:Jure uxoris|jure uxoris]]'')
| moretext = ([[Monarchy of Latium#Titles|more...]])
| moretext    =
| reign = 15 November 1846 – 25 October 1891
| reign       = 15 November 1846 – 25 October 1891
| coronation = 15 November 1846
| coronation   = 25 December 1846
| predecessor = [[Alexander XIII of Latium|Alexander XIII]]
| predecessor = [[Maria IV Gentilia]]
| successor = [[John XIII of Latium|John XIII]]
| successor   = [[John XIII of Latium|John XIII]]
|reg-type   = {{nowrap|Consuls{{nbsp}}}}
| reg-type     = Co-monarch
|regent      = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Thomas Anicius, Duke of Beroea|Duke of Beroea]]|2=[[John Pinarius, Duke of Capena|Duke of Cularo]]|3=Count of Olisipo|4=[[Peter Claudius, 34th Duke of Adrianople|Duke of Adrianople]]|5=Duke of Oriundi}}
| regent      = Maria IV Gentilia
| spouses = {{ubl
| spouses      = {{marriage|[[Maria IV Gentilia]]|1844}}
|{{marriage|[[Galara of Gaemar|Princess Galara of Gaemar]]|1840|1868|end=d.}}
| issue        = {{ubl
|{{marriage|[[Charlotte of Vannois]]|1869}}
|[[John XIII Anicius]]
|[[Prince Michael, Duke of Ossonoba]]
|[[Prince Theodosius, Duke of Catania]]
|[[Silvia of Latium|Silvia, Duchess of Ravenna]]
|[[Prince Alexander, Duke of Callatis]]
|[[Diana, Electress of Rahdenburg]]
|[[Constantia, Queen of Mysia]]
[[Anna, Queen of Keld]]
}}
}}
| issue = {{ubl
| issue-link   = #Marriage and issue
|[[John XIII of Latium|John XIII]]
| issue-pipe   =  
|[[Prince Theophylactus, Duke of Catania]]
| house       = [[House of Anicius|Anicius]]
|Prince Michael, Duke of Callatis
| father       = Nicephorus, Duke of Ossonoba
|[[Princess Silvia of Latium]]
| mother       = [[Anastasia of Latium|Princess Anastasia of Latium]]
|[[Diana of Latium, Empress of Liothidia|Diana, Empress of Liothidia]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date|1819|9|8|df=y}}  
|Prince Anastasius, Duke of Ambracia
| birth_place = [[Imbros|Catana]], [[Latium]]
|[[Anna Maria, Queen of Moieux]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1891|10|25|1819|9|8|df=y}}  
}}
| death_place = Palatium Purpura, Ascanium, Latium
| issue-link = #Marriages and issue
| issue-pipe =  
| house = Anicius
| father = Nicephorus, Duke of Ossonoba
| mother   = [[Anastasia, Princess Imperial]]
| birth_date ={{birth date|1819|9|8|df=y}}  
| birth_place = Insula Saravi, [[Latium]]
| death_date ={{Death date and age|1891|10|25|1819|9|8|df=y}}  
| death_place = Palatium Purpura, Ascanium, Latium
| place of burial = Imperial Crypt, Castellum ab Alba
| place of burial = Imperial Crypt, Castellum ab Alba
| signature      =  
| signature      =  
| religion       = [[Fabrian Catholic Church|Fabrian Catholic]]
| religion       = [[Imperial Latin Church|Imperial Church]] ([[Fabrian Catholic Church|Catholicism]])
|}}
}}
'''Theophylactus I Augustus''' (''Gaius Anicius Theophylactus Caesar Augustus Magnus '' b. 8 September 1819 – 25 October 1891) was the 118th [[Monarchy of Latium|Latin Emperor]], reigning from 1846 until his death in 1891. He has been credited as the enabler of democracy in Latium, and heralded as one of the finest battle commanders in Latin history, with his campaigns still being studied at military schools. To this day, he remains one of the most celebrated imperial, political and military figures in Latin history
'''Theophylactus I Augustus''' (''Gaius Anicius Theophylactus Caesar Augustus Magnus '' b. 8 September 1819 – 25 October 1891) was [[Monarchy of Latium|Latin Emperor]], by right of his wife [[Maria IV Gentilia]], reigning from 1846 until his death in 1891. He and Maria IV have been credited for their role in modernizing Latium, and Theophylactus is heralded as one of the most celebrated battle commanders in recent Latin history, with his campaigns still being studied at military schools. To this day, he remains one of the most celebrated imperial, political and military figures in Latin history.
 
Theophylactus was born on Insula Saravi, where his father was a farmer and his mother a noblewoman of the [[House of Anicius|Anicii family]]. The circumstances of his birth reportedly caused a rift among the family, which wasn't resolved until the 1830s. Theophylactus first joined the army in 1833 at the age of 14, after having lied about his age. By the age of 18, he was made an officer due to the influence of his grandfather, senator and nobleman Constantine Ancius, 10th Marchis of Karia. In 1839, Theophylactus successfully defended the capital from the Imbrosian revolt, and was later involved in the brief Gelonian Revolution of 1842. Following his victory, he was appointed {{wp|Katepano|Capetan}} by Emperor Michael VII, making him the youngest general in the Latin military.
 
Theophylactus rose in prominence since the Hellenic revolt, and later became heir presumptive to the Imperial titles after the [[Latin Grand Council of 1843|1843 Senate Grand Council]], which saw his uncle, Alexander. chosen as the heir to the vacant throne. While the Grand Council had determined Alexander Anicius had the strongest claim to the throne, many had claimed to have chosen him due to Theophylactus's military prowess and the growing concerns of a unified [[Lyncanestria]] to the north in lieu of a protestant [[House Gentry|Gentry]] on the Latin throne. Theophylactus would eventually succeeded his uncle in 1846, and throughout his reign was widely considered a champion of the people. He benefited from widespread popular and senate support throughout Latium, but often struggled to convey legitimacy due to the circumstances of coming into the throne and of his birth. Theophylactus often worked to rectify this by strategic marriages and through religious means, including the [[Latin Donation|Papal Donation]].
==Early Life==
===Military Prominence===
==1843 Grand Council==
{{main|Latin Grand Council of 1843}}
===Announcement as heir===
In November 1842, Emperor Michael VII passed away with no surviving children resulting in vacant throne. Initially, the Senate searched for the closest relative of the ruling Aemilii male line, but the search brought no positive results. The closest blood relatives to King Michael were members of the [[House Gentry|Ghantish imperial family]] as Michael's nephews and nieces – specifically [[Nathan II of Ghant]]. After debate in the senate, members sent a messenger to [[Ghish]] and inform Emperor Nathan that the Senate had not yet sanctioned his ascension to the Latin throne and royal titles. Nathan reportedly refused to accept the titles and instead proposed his younger brother Leo take his place. The Senate would present two candidates in late January 1843: [[Leo of Ghant|Prince Leo of Ghant]] and Lord Alexander Ancius. Prince Leo was initially the favorite choice among many of the more prominent members of the Senate, most seeing him as the legitimate heir his mother being the sister of Michael VII, while others were hesitant to elect a Protestant as king. Those who were turned away by Leo's faith looked to Lord Alexander Anicius. Anicius, on his own, was an underwhelming candidate for the throne; he was already aged 56 years and having no sons of his own, while only being a cousin Emperor Silvester III. Though for many that supported Anicius' bid to the throne, in truth they supported his nephew Theophylactus, whom himself was the son of Anicius' niece and a farmer.
 
In the days leading up to the selection of emperor, Lord Ancius had been persuaded by his supporters to adopt Theophylactus as his son and name his heir to his titles and estates, which was done by mid-February. The debate continued until 11 June 1843 when the Senate had set the vote date. No majority was reached following the first two votes, with Prince Leo of Ghant receiving a plurality. In the third and final vote, the Senate elected Alexander Anicius, 11th Marchis of Karia to be emperor. On 12 August 1855 he was proclaimed Alexander XIII in Alexandria, and in his first appearance to the Senate made Theophylactus Prince of Youth and Duke of Ostia.
 
==Reign==
===Papal donation===
{{main|Latin Donation}}
===Government reforms===
 
==Marriages and children==
Theophylactus was married twice over the span of his life. His first marriage was to [[Galara of Gaemar|Princess Galara of Gaemar]], a Ghantish noblewoman and niece of Pope XXXX. The two were married in 1841 at Basilica d'Imbros in a ceremony performed by Pope XXX; Theophylactus was 24 years old. Theophylactus and Galara had four children over the course of their marriage, and were said to be deeply fond of each other early in their marriage, before rumors that Galara was suffering from what is now thought to be dementia. The couple had four children before Galara's death in 1869: [[John XIII of Latium|John]], was born in 1845; second son, [[Prince Theophylactus, Duke of Catania|Theophylactus]], born in 1846; Michael born in 1850; and his final child with Candreva, Silvia, born in 1854. Theophylactus was said to have been devastated by Giovanna's unexpected death, even though memoirs and records dictate that she had been ill for the better part of 14 months prior to her death.


Theophylactus would remarry not long after Giovanna's death, when he wed [[Charlotte of Vannois|Princess Charlotte of Vannois]], the daughter of [[Charles XI of Vannois|Emperor Charles XI of Vannois]] in fall 1869. Theophylactus and Charlotte were separated by 31 years in age at the time of their marriage, though according to members of court took to one another quickly. He and Charlotte had three children over the course of their marriage: [[Diana of Latium, Empress of Liothidia)|Diana]] born in 1870, Anastasius born in 1872, and born in Maria born in 1875.
Theophylactus was born in Catana, on the island of Imbros, where his father was an impoverished nobleman and his mother a Latin princess of the [[House of Gentry|Gentilian dynasty]]. The circumstances of his birth reportedly caused a rift among the imperial family, which wasn't resolved until the 1830s. Theophylactus first joined the army in 1833 at the age of 14, after having lied about his age. By the age of 18, he was made an officer due to the influence of his grandfather, senator and nobleman Duke Constantine Anicius. In 1839, Theophylactus successfully defended the capital from the XXXX revolt, and was later involved in the brief Gelonian Revolution of 1841. Following his victory in Gelonia, he was appointed Legatus legionis augusti by Emperor Michael II, making him the youngest general in the Latin military.
===Issue===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Birth
! Death
! Spouse(s)
|-
|colspan=4|'''''By [[Galara of Gaemar|Princess Galara of Gaemar]] (1820–1869):'''''
|-
| [[John XIII of Latium]]
|  {{birth date|1845|6|15|df=y}}
|{{Death date and age|1925|6|9|1849|3|15|df=y}}
|[[Alexandra of Ghant|Princess Alexandra of Ghant]]; had issue.
|-
| [[Prince Theophylactus, Duke of Catania]]
| {{birth date|1847|8|29|df=y}}
|{{Death date and age|1897|6|11|1845|8|29|df=y}}
|[[Giovanna Candreva]]; had issue.
|-
| [[Prince Michael, Duke of Callatis]]
| {{birth date|1850|6|30|df=y}}
| {{Death date and age|1922|6|22|1850|3|15|df=y}}
|1st: PLACEHOLDER; had issue; 2nd: [[Charlotte of Vannois]]
|-
| [[Princess Silvia of Latium]]
| {{birth date|1854|2|5|df=y}}
| {{Death date and age|1944|8|3|1854|2|5|df=y}}
| [[Prince Albert of Ghant]]; had issue.
|-
|colspan=4|'''''By [[Charlotte of Vannois|Princess Charlotte of Vannois]] (1850–1919):'''''
|-
| [[Diana of Latium, Empress of Liothidia|Diana, Empress of Liothidia]]
| {{birth date|1870|6|22|df=y}}
| {{Death date and age|1937|3|17|1870|6|22|df=y}}
|[[Heinrich III of Liothdia]]; had issue.
|-
| [[Prince Anastasius, Duke of Ambracia]]
| {{birth date|1872|5|22|df=y}}
| {{Death date and age|1944|6|9|1872|5|22|df=y}}
| [[Princess Hélène of Lyncanestria]]; had issue.
|-
| [[Anna Maria, Queen of Moieux]]
| {{birth date|1875|11|2|df=y}}
| {{Death date and age|1960|2|29|1875|11|2|df=y}}
| [[Louis IX of Moieux]]; had issue.
|-
|}


==Legacy==
following the death of Emperor Michael II Gentilius, who died without any children, due to his military record and imperial ancestry through his mother, who was the cousin of Michael II. Following an intense negotiation, Theophylactus was betrothed to Michael's niece, [[Maria IV Gentilia|Princess Maria of Ghant]], who was the eldest daughter of [[Constantia of Latium]] and [[William VI of Ghant|Emperor William VI of Ghant]]. His wife Maria was later confirmed as Michael II's heir and proclaimed Latin Empress in 1842, with Theophylactus uncle [[Andreas Anicius]] serving as regent. Theophylactus and Maria were wed a year later, and Theophylactus was acclaimed Latin Emperor and co-monarch. Theophylactus and Maria had seven children and were noted to have a strong and passionate relationship.
===Image===


==See Also==
Theophylactus benefited from widespread popular support, and at times strong senate support, but at times struggled to convey legitimacy on the world stage. He and Maria often worked on strategic marriages to secure alliances and additional legitimacy. Theophylactus arranged marriages for his younger brother [[Michael Anicius, Prince of Belfras|Michael]] to [[Calista, Duchess of Patrinos]], heiress of the [[House of Dimitrios]], and through whom the current [[Monarchy of Belfras|Kings of Belfras]] descend in the male line, and his brother [[Nicephorus Anicius]], who was Emperor consort of Lihnidos. Much of Theophylactus and Maria's foreign policy was constructed through these matches in attempts to prevent wider unification and later republican efforts in neighboring nations and grow a Latin sphere of influence in Belisaria and beyond.
*[[List of Latin monarchs]]
[[Category:Latin monarchs]]
[[Category:Latin monarchs]]
[[Category:Latium]]
[[Category:Latium]]

Latest revision as of 14:26, 13 April 2024

Theophylactus I Anicius
Theophylactus I Anicius.jpg
Latin Emperor (jure uxoris)
Reign15 November 1846 – 25 October 1891
Coronation25 December 1846
PredecessorMaria IV Gentilia
SuccessorJohn XIII
Co-monarchMaria IV Gentilia
Born(1819-09-08)8 September 1819
Catana, Latium
Died25 October 1891(1891-10-25) (aged 72)
Palatium Purpura, Ascanium, Latium
Burial
Imperial Crypt, Castellum ab Alba
Spouse
Issue
Detail
HouseAnicius
FatherNicephorus, Duke of Ossonoba
MotherPrincess Anastasia of Latium
ReligionImperial Church (Catholicism)

Theophylactus I Augustus (Gaius Anicius Theophylactus Caesar Augustus Magnus b. 8 September 1819 – 25 October 1891) was Latin Emperor, by right of his wife Maria IV Gentilia, reigning from 1846 until his death in 1891. He and Maria IV have been credited for their role in modernizing Latium, and Theophylactus is heralded as one of the most celebrated battle commanders in recent Latin history, with his campaigns still being studied at military schools. To this day, he remains one of the most celebrated imperial, political and military figures in Latin history.

Theophylactus was born in Catana, on the island of Imbros, where his father was an impoverished nobleman and his mother a Latin princess of the Gentilian dynasty. The circumstances of his birth reportedly caused a rift among the imperial family, which wasn't resolved until the 1830s. Theophylactus first joined the army in 1833 at the age of 14, after having lied about his age. By the age of 18, he was made an officer due to the influence of his grandfather, senator and nobleman Duke Constantine Anicius. In 1839, Theophylactus successfully defended the capital from the XXXX revolt, and was later involved in the brief Gelonian Revolution of 1841. Following his victory in Gelonia, he was appointed Legatus legionis augusti by Emperor Michael II, making him the youngest general in the Latin military.

following the death of Emperor Michael II Gentilius, who died without any children, due to his military record and imperial ancestry through his mother, who was the cousin of Michael II. Following an intense negotiation, Theophylactus was betrothed to Michael's niece, Princess Maria of Ghant, who was the eldest daughter of Constantia of Latium and Emperor William VI of Ghant. His wife Maria was later confirmed as Michael II's heir and proclaimed Latin Empress in 1842, with Theophylactus uncle Andreas Anicius serving as regent. Theophylactus and Maria were wed a year later, and Theophylactus was acclaimed Latin Emperor and co-monarch. Theophylactus and Maria had seven children and were noted to have a strong and passionate relationship.

Theophylactus benefited from widespread popular support, and at times strong senate support, but at times struggled to convey legitimacy on the world stage. He and Maria often worked on strategic marriages to secure alliances and additional legitimacy. Theophylactus arranged marriages for his younger brother Michael to Calista, Duchess of Patrinos, heiress of the House of Dimitrios, and through whom the current Kings of Belfras descend in the male line, and his brother Nicephorus Anicius, who was Emperor consort of Lihnidos. Much of Theophylactus and Maria's foreign policy was constructed through these matches in attempts to prevent wider unification and later republican efforts in neighboring nations and grow a Latin sphere of influence in Belisaria and beyond.

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