Council of State (Carucere): Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox official post
{{Infobox legislature
| post            = National Council of Carucere
| name          = Council of State
| body            =
| native_name   = <small>''Konsey Deta''</small>
| native_name     = <small>''Nasyonal Konsey Karuke''</small>
| native_name_lang  =
| insignia        = Coat of arms of Annene.png
| transcription_name=
| insigniasize    = 175px
| legislature  =
| insigniacaption = Coat of Arms of Carucere
| coa_pic            = File:Coat of arms of Annene.png
| status          = {{wp|Head of government}}
| coa_res            = 175px
| style          = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}}
| coa_alt            =
| image          =  
| coa_caption        = Coat of arms of Carucere
| imagesize      =  
| session_room  =
| incumbentlabel  = The 2023 National Council
| house_type    = {{wp|Executive council}} <br>  <small>(as collective {{wp|head of government}})</small>
| incumbent      = {{ubl||[[Neil Gaubina]] (President) |[[Bernard Lepvraud]] (Vice President)</small>|[[Dhuga Zazoanevi]] |[[Henry Allen]] |[[Alain Berset]] </small>}}
 
| department =  [[Government of Carucere]]
| leader1_type  = [[President of Carucere|President]]
| formation      = {{Start date and age|df=y|1972}}
| leader1      = [[Neil Gaubina]]
| inaugural      = {{ubl|[[Jean Preval]]|[[Jonas Furrer]]|[[Jean Juidange]]}}
| leader2_type  = Vice President
| appointer      =  {{wp|Direct election}}
| leader2      = [[Bernard Lepvraud]]
| termlength      = Four years, no term limit
| leader3_type  = Members
| website         =  
| leader3      = [[Neil Gaubina]], [[Bernard Lepvraud]], [[Henry Allen]], [[Dhuga Zazoanevi]], [[Alain Berset]], [[David Jonas]], [[George Hall]], [[Philippe Samot]], [[Camille Darsières]]
| preceded_by  =
| foundation    = {{Start date and age|1972|08|12}}
| party1        =
| new_session  =
| election1    =
| seats        = 9
| term_length  =
| last_election1 =
| meeting_place = Hall of State, [[Jameston]], [[Carucere]]
| constitution  = [[Constitution of Carucere]]
| website       =
}}
}}
The '''National Council of Carucere''' ([[Papotement]]: ''Nasyonal Konsey Karuke''), is an executive body which serves as the collective ''de jure'' {{wp|head of government}} of [[Carucere]]. While the [[President of Carucere]] is the leading political figure within the National Council as ''de facto'' {{wp|head of state}}, it is the Council as a whole that serves as the highest executive authority in Carucere.
The '''Council of State''' ([[Papotement]]: ''Konsey Deta''), is an executive body which serves as the collective ''de jure'' {{wp|head of government}} of [[Carucere]]. While the [[President of Carucere]] is the leading political figure within the Council of State as ''de facto'' {{wp|head of state}}, it is the Council as a whole that serves as the highest executive authority in Carucere.


The National Council currently consists of five members; the [[President of Carucere]] and four other delegates who are all elected by direct popular vote. The National Council formally exercises executive power in Carucere, such as the authority to formulate policies and draft measures. The Council oversees the administration of the country through its supervision of the [[Cabinet of Carucere]], which consists of the heads of goverment ministries. Although the President is the permanent presiding officer of the Council, they are {{wp|primus inter pares}} within the Council which operates through {{wp|consensus decision-making}}.
The number of members on the Council of State typically varies, but it always includes the [[President of Carucere]], Vice-President, and Premier. The Council of State formally exercises executive power in Carucere, such as the authority to formulate policies and draft measures. The Council oversees the administration of the country through its supervision of the [[Cabinet of Carucere|Cabinet]], which consists of the heads of government ministries. The Council also serves as an unofficial {{wp|upper house}} to the [[Senate of Carucere|Senate]]. Although the President is the permanent presiding officer of the Council and is the highest ranking state official, they are {{wp|primus inter pares}} within the Council which operates through {{wp|consensus decision-making}}.
==Current members==
==Role==
==Role==
Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} and a {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system. While the President decides the direction and priorities of the Government as the permanent presiding officer, ultimately executive power is collectively wielded by the Council. While the President can wield some political influence as ''de jure'' {{wp|head of state}}, ultimately their ''de facto'' power relies on a supportive National Council, and is not directly attributed to the post of president. Traditionally the Council operates "above" ethnic partisanism, representing the entire country instead.
Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} and a {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system, inspired by the [[Montecara|Montecaran]] [[College of State (Montecara)|College of State]]. Unlike the College, the Council is not a {{wp|Cabinet (government)|cabinet}} that handles the day-to-day management of the government but rather the supreme decision making body of the country. The President is the the permanent leader of the Council and decides the direction and priorities of the Government. However their ''de facto'' power relies on a supportive Council of State and is not directly attributed to the post of president. Nevertheless, the President wields significant political influence as ''de facto'' {{wp|head of state}} and as leader of the Council.
 
The Council's greatest power is their ability to appoint the Premier and other members of the Cabinet. However, since the Senate must approve the election by a majority vote, the Premier named by the president must be supported by the Senate, or the candidate will be denied. The National Council has the discretionary power to dissolve the Senate when they see fit, such as when the National Council is unable to govern due to the Senate's disapproval. The Council must promulgate all laws enacted by the Senate for them to come into force. However the National Council has the authority to veto laws, although the Senate can override this by a two-thirds majority vote. They may also refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the Council votes to doubt its constitutionality.


As the main executive organ, the Council defines the collective political and policy direction of the Government and oversees the Cabinet to ensure the implementation of policy as determined by the National Council. The National Council also has limited legislative initiative by enacting decrees with the full force of law and by submitting legislation to the Senate. All bills must be approved by the National Council for it to become law.
As the main executive organ, the Council defines the collective political and policy direction of the executive branch and oversees the Cabinet to ensure the implementation of policy as determined by the body. Each member is responsible for the business of the entire Council, as well as for the conduct of the government and the federal administration as a whole. The Council of State has some legislative powers such as the authority to enact decrees with the full force of law, although all decrees requires an enabling act from the Senate for it to take effect. The Council is the main source of legislation proposed to the [[Senate of Carucere|Senate]]. All bills must be approved by the Council of State for it to become law. The Council of State has the authority to veto laws, although the Senate can override this by a two-thirds majority vote. They may also refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the Council votes to doubt its constitutionality.


The Council has the ability to appoint the Premier and other members of the Cabinet; however, the Senate must approve the election by a majority vote. As a result the Premier named by the Council must be supported by the Senate, or the candidate will be denied. The Council of State has the discretionary power to dissolve the Senate when they see fit, such as when the Council of State is unable to govern due to the Senate's disapproval.
==Composition==
The exact number of members that preside on the Council of State has varied since its creation. The Constitution of 1972 mandated that the [[National Assembly of Carucere]] elect no less than five members but gave no limit to the number of delegates the President may appoint. The offices of the mandated members arose by convention during the Presidency of [[Jean Preval]], who included the top highest ranking members of the Cabinet. In 1995, the Senate limited the number of delegates the President may appoint to four; as a result the maximum number of delegates that could serve on the Council of State is nine. A year later, the Constitutional Council ruled that the President required the consent of the Senate to appoint the members of the Council. These changes have led to greater checks on the authority of the President.


Today the Council typically consists of the following members:
* Members elected by the National Assembly
** [[President of Carucere|President of the Council of State]]
** Vice-President and Chairman of the Council of State
** President of the  [[National Assembly of Carucere|National Assembly]]
** A distinguished member
* Four members of the [[Cabinet of Carucere|Cabinet]].
** Minister of Defense and Home Affairs
** Minister of Foreign Affairs
** Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development   
** Minister of Justice
* Premier of Carucere
===Current members===
==Powers & Duties==
==Powers & Duties==
To perform their duties, the National Council are given the powers:  
To perform their duties, the Council of State are given the following powers:
* to {{wp|promulgate}} laws. The Council lacks a formal {{wp|veto}} power but may refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the National Council doubts its constitutionality. However if the court approves, the National Council must approve the bill.  
* to {{wp|promulgate}} laws (wielded solely by the President).
* to veto laws, decree-laws, regulatory decrees and other Government decrees.
* to refer a law for review by the Constitutional Council if the Council of State doubts its constitutionality.
* to declare war.
* to declare war.
* to hold a referendum regarding issues of national importance.
* to hold a referendum regarding issues of national importance.
* to issue decrees with the full force of legislation. However decrees can be overridden if the Senate passes conflicting legislation.
* to issue decrees with the full force of legislation. However decrees can be overridden if the Senate passes conflicting legislation.
* to submit legislation to the Senate.  
* to submit legislation to the Senate.
* to issue medals and honors for serving the nation.
* to issue medals and honors for serving the nation.
* to issue pardons.
* to issue pardons.
* to declare a {{wp|state of emergency}} suspending all laws or enacting a state of {{wp|martial law}}.
* to declare a {{wp|state of emergency}} suspending all laws or enacting a state of {{wp|martial law}}.
* to regulate and join treaties, alliances, and other agreements coming from foreign states according to the Constitution.
* to regulate and join treaties, alliances, and other agreements coming from foreign states according to the Constitution.
* to appoint the [[Premier of Carucere|Premier]] and other members of the [[Cabinet of Carucere|Cabinet]].  
* to appoint the [[Premier of Carucere|Premier]] and other members of the [[Cabinet of Carucere|Cabinet]].
* to appoint senior public officials.  
* to appoint senior public officials.


==Operation==
==Operation==
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==Election==
==Election==
The electoral system for the National Council is unique among democracies in the world. Under the current electoral law, candidates are required to have a certain number of signatures or enough endorsements to stand for a direct election. To win outright, a candidate must be one of the top five candidates by popular vote at win at least 20% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If there are unfilled seats, but the remaining candidates do not fulfill the requirements, the election proceeds to a run-off election with the same requirements. Successive rounds can occur until all seats on the National Council are filled. The candidate with the largest number of votes in the first round is elected [[President of Carucere]]. Candidates to the National Council may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office.
Under the current electoral law, candidates for President of the Council of State are required to have a certain number of signatures from the public or endorsements by five Senators to stand for election. A candidate can stand individually or form a electoral coalition with additional candidates. On election day, the public elects the [[National Assembly of Carucere|National Assembly]] which forms an {{wp|electoral college|electoral college}} who in turn elects the President, the Vice-President, and three other members. After their election, the President appoints the other members of the Council with the approval of the Senate.

Latest revision as of 14:40, 9 October 2023

Council of State

Konsey Deta
Coat of arms of Annene.png
Coat of arms of Carucere
Type
Type
History
FoundedAugust 12, 1972; 52 years ago (1972-08-12)
Leadership
Vice President
Members
Seats9
Meeting place
Hall of State, Jameston, Carucere
Constitution
Constitution of Carucere

The Council of State (Papotement: Konsey Deta), is an executive body which serves as the collective de jure head of government of Carucere. While the President of Carucere is the leading political figure within the Council of State as de facto head of state, it is the Council as a whole that serves as the highest executive authority in Carucere.

The number of members on the Council of State typically varies, but it always includes the President of Carucere, Vice-President, and Premier. The Council of State formally exercises executive power in Carucere, such as the authority to formulate policies and draft measures. The Council oversees the administration of the country through its supervision of the Cabinet, which consists of the heads of government ministries. The Council also serves as an unofficial upper house to the Senate. Although the President is the permanent presiding officer of the Council and is the highest ranking state official, they are primus inter pares within the Council which operates through consensus decision-making.

Role

Carucere has a de-facto fusion of a presidential and a collegiate system, inspired by the Montecaran College of State. Unlike the College, the Council is not a cabinet that handles the day-to-day management of the government but rather the supreme decision making body of the country. The President is the the permanent leader of the Council and decides the direction and priorities of the Government. However their de facto power relies on a supportive Council of State and is not directly attributed to the post of president. Nevertheless, the President wields significant political influence as de facto head of state and as leader of the Council.

As the main executive organ, the Council defines the collective political and policy direction of the executive branch and oversees the Cabinet to ensure the implementation of policy as determined by the body. Each member is responsible for the business of the entire Council, as well as for the conduct of the government and the federal administration as a whole. The Council of State has some legislative powers such as the authority to enact decrees with the full force of law, although all decrees requires an enabling act from the Senate for it to take effect. The Council is the main source of legislation proposed to the Senate. All bills must be approved by the Council of State for it to become law. The Council of State has the authority to veto laws, although the Senate can override this by a two-thirds majority vote. They may also refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the Council votes to doubt its constitutionality.

The Council has the ability to appoint the Premier and other members of the Cabinet; however, the Senate must approve the election by a majority vote. As a result the Premier named by the Council must be supported by the Senate, or the candidate will be denied. The Council of State has the discretionary power to dissolve the Senate when they see fit, such as when the Council of State is unable to govern due to the Senate's disapproval.

Composition

The exact number of members that preside on the Council of State has varied since its creation. The Constitution of 1972 mandated that the National Assembly of Carucere elect no less than five members but gave no limit to the number of delegates the President may appoint. The offices of the mandated members arose by convention during the Presidency of Jean Preval, who included the top highest ranking members of the Cabinet. In 1995, the Senate limited the number of delegates the President may appoint to four; as a result the maximum number of delegates that could serve on the Council of State is nine. A year later, the Constitutional Council ruled that the President required the consent of the Senate to appoint the members of the Council. These changes have led to greater checks on the authority of the President.

Today the Council typically consists of the following members:

  • Members elected by the National Assembly
  • Four members of the Cabinet.
    • Minister of Defense and Home Affairs
    • Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development
    • Minister of Justice
  • Premier of Carucere

Current members

Powers & Duties

To perform their duties, the Council of State are given the following powers:

  • to promulgate laws (wielded solely by the President).
  • to veto laws, decree-laws, regulatory decrees and other Government decrees.
  • to refer a law for review by the Constitutional Council if the Council of State doubts its constitutionality.
  • to declare war.
  • to hold a referendum regarding issues of national importance.
  • to issue decrees with the full force of legislation. However decrees can be overridden if the Senate passes conflicting legislation.
  • to submit legislation to the Senate.
  • to issue medals and honors for serving the nation.
  • to issue pardons.
  • to declare a state of emergency suspending all laws or enacting a state of martial law.
  • to regulate and join treaties, alliances, and other agreements coming from foreign states according to the Constitution.
  • to appoint the Premier and other members of the Cabinet.
  • to appoint senior public officials.

Operation

Meetings

Election

Under the current electoral law, candidates for President of the Council of State are required to have a certain number of signatures from the public or endorsements by five Senators to stand for election. A candidate can stand individually or form a electoral coalition with additional candidates. On election day, the public elects the National Assembly which forms an electoral college who in turn elects the President, the Vice-President, and three other members. After their election, the President appoints the other members of the Council with the approval of the Senate.

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