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| | [[file: Rechtbank te Haarlem doet uitspraak in proces tegen Ferdi E. (Elsas), de ontvoer, Bestanddeelnr 934-2864.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Justices questioning a litigant, 1984]] |
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| The '''Supreme Court of Hverland''' (Hverlandic: ''Hæstaréttur hverlands'') is the pinnacle of the [[Judicial system of Hverland|nation's judiciary]] and serves as the ultimate arbiter of justice in the country. Functioning on the principles of Nordic law, the court plays an essential role in preserving civil liberties and ensuring the rule of law in [[Hverland]]. | | The '''Supreme Court of Hverland''' (Hverlandic: ''Hæstaréttur hverlands'') is the pinnacle of the [[Judicial system of Hverland|nation's judiciary]] and serves as the ultimate arbiter of justice in the country. Functioning on the principles of Nordic law, the court plays an essential role in preserving civil liberties and ensuring the rule of law in [[Hverland]]. |
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| == Structure == | | == Structure == |
| Composed of nine justices, who are appointed for life by the [[President of Hverland]], the Supreme Court stands as the highest judicial authority in the nation. Appointments are generally made on the recommendation of the independent Judicial Appointments Board (''Dómnefndatilnefningarnefnd''), emphasizing the court's separation from the legislative and executive branches of government. This life tenure serves to protect the independence and impartiality of the court, allowing justices to make judgments without the influence of external pressures. | | Composed of seven justices, who are appointed by the [[President of Hverland]], the Supreme Court stands as the highest judicial authority in the nation. Appointments are generally made on the recommendation of the independent [[Judicial Appointments Board (Hverland)|Judicial Appointments Board]] (''Dómnefndatilnefningarnefnd''), emphasizing the court's separation from the legislative and executive branches of government. |
| | {| class="wikitable sortable" style= "text-align:center"; font-size: 90%;" |
| | |+ Current justices of the Supreme Court |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan=2 style="min-width: 150px | Justice |
| | ! Birth |
| | ! Appointed by |
| | |- |
| | | {{sort|07|[[File: Lord John McFall 3x4, 2022.jpg |100px]]}} |
| | | '''Bertil Kolbensundr'''<br/>(President) |
| | |{{birth date and age|1938|1|27}} |
| | | Grim Fritjofsundr<br/> ({{HV-SL/meta/shortname}}) |
| | |- |
| | | {{sort|09|[[File: Baroness Harding of Winscombe, 2023.jpg |100px]]}} |
| | | '''Alfhild Tostidotra'''<br/>(Associate) |
| | |{{birth date and age| 1964|2|1}} |
| | | Hjorleif Agnarsundr<br/> ({{HV-SL/meta/shortname}}) |
| | |- |
| | | {{sort|01|[[File:Richard Fletcher-Vane, 2nd Baron Inglewood, 2023.jpg|100px]]}} |
| | | '''Olve Henningssundr'''<br/>(Associate) |
| | | {{birth date and age| 1951|5|9}} |
| | | Lilje Ingmundsdotra<br/> ({{HV-OT/meta/shortname}}) |
| | |- |
| | | {{sort|08|[[File:Official portrait of Lord Hampton crop 2, 2023.jpg|100px]]}} |
| | |'''Sverre Rikardsundr'''<br/>(Associate) |
| | | {{birth date and age| 1968|8|19}} |
| | | Lilje Ingmundsdotra<br /> ({{HV-OT/meta/shortname}}) |
| | |- |
| | | {{sort|05|[[File:Official portrait of Baroness Lampard crop 2, 2023.jpg|100px]]}} |
| | | '''Brita Bernstein Finnsdotra'''<br/>(Associate) |
| | |{{birth date and age| 1960|4|20}}<br />{{wpl|Tel Aviv}}, {{wpl|Israel}} |
| | | Lilje Ingmundsdotra<br /> ({{HV-OT/meta/shortname}}) |
| | |- |
| | | {{sort|04|[[File:Official portrait of Baroness Taylor of Stevenage crop 2, 2023.jpg|100px]]}} |
| | | '''Disa Magnusdotra'''<br/>(Associate) |
| | | {{birth date and age| 1956|12|12}}<br /> |
| | | Runa Asmundsdotra<br/>({{HV-CP/meta/shortname}}) |
| | |- |
| | | {{sort|06|[[File:Official portrait of John Nicolson MP, 2023.jpg|100px]]}} |
| | | '''Gorm Larsundr'''<br/>(Associate) |
| | | {{birth date and age| 1961|4|1}} |
| | | Jenthar Yngvisundr<br/> ({{HV-LI/meta/shortname}}) |
| | |- |
| | |} |
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| == Functioning == | | == Functioning == |
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| == Landmark cases == | | == Landmark cases == |
| === Abortion and birth control ===
| | {{Main|List of landmark court decisions in Hverland}} |
| * ''Lilja v. [[Office for Health (Hverland)|Office for Health]]'' (2020) - Upheld the right of pharmacists to refuse to dispense birth control based on religious beliefs, but mandated pharmacies to have an alternative available.
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| * ''Fríða v. [[Hverland Health System]]'' (2014) - Established that women have the right to abort pregnancies resulting from rape or incest without requiring multiple medical opinions.
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| * ''Annikë v. [[Agency for Public Safety (Hverland)|Agency for Public Safety]]'' (2006) - Ruled against so-called "buffer zones" around abortion clinics, arguing they infringed on free speech rights.
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| * ''Steinarë v. Office for Health'' (1996) - Affirmed that birth control must be covered by public and private health insurance plans.
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| === Criminal law ===
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| * ''Eiríkr v. Agency for Public Safety'' (2017) - Ruled that pre-trial detention cannot exceed a period of six months without a formal review by a judicial body.
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| * ''Elín v. Agency for Public Safety'' (2006) - Upheld the police's right to conduct "stop-and-frisk" but established stricter guidelines on when this could be implemented to avoid profiling.
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| * ''Snorri v. [[Agency for Prosecution (Hverland)|Agency for Prosecution]]'' (2001) - Overturned a conviction based on evidence gathered without a warrant, reinforcing the importance of following legal procedures.
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| * ''Björg v. Agency for Public Safety'' (1995) - Ruled that a "three-strikes" law, which mandated life sentences after a third felony conviction, was disproportionately harsh and thus unconstitutional.
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| * ''Ólafurë v. Agency for Prosecution'' (1970) - Affirmed the right of juveniles to be tried separately from adults, and established guidelines for juvenile detention facilities.
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| === Migration and refugees ===
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| * ''Ramirez Family v. [[Agency for Integration (Hverland)|Agency for Integration]]'' (2023) - Ruled against granting Hverlandic citizenship to children born within the country's borders to two non-citizen immigrant parents, reaffirming jus sanguinis.
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| * ''Ali v. [[Superintendent of State (Hverland)|Office of Superintendent]]'' (2022) - Affirmed the government's right to expedite deportations for failed asylum seekers or individuals found to pose a security threat.
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| * ''Mohamed v. Office of Superintendent'' (2021) - Supported the government's decision to deny naturalization to a long-term resident who had not met certain cultural assimilation criteria.
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| * ''Polish Workers Union v. [[Office for Finance (Hverland)|Office for Finance]]'' (2018) - Ruled that while the government has the sovereign right to control labor market access, it could not impose quotas based specifically on nationalities. The decision stated that such quotas were discriminatory and inconsistent with Hverland's commitment to equal treatment under the law
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| === Health ===
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| * ''Helgi v. Hverland Health System'' (2023) - Ruled that patients have the right to refuse life-extending treatments and that healthcare providers must honor "Do Not Resuscitate" orders and other advanced directives, even if family members object.
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| * ''Freijá v. Office for Health'' (2022) - Upheld the mandate for equitable access to healthcare services but required the Office to establish clearer criteria for patient prioritization on waiting lists.
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| * ''Bjarn v. Office for Health'' (2021) - Ruled that undocumented immigrants should have equal access to emergency healthcare services.
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| * ''Citizens for Ethical AI v. Agency for Artificial Intelligence'' (2021) - Mandated adherence to data protection laws in AI healthcare applications, emphasizing the need for informed consent.
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| * ''Remote Communities Advocacy v. Hverland Health System'' (2019) - Ordered the standardization of AI-driven telemedicine platforms to ensure equal quality of healthcare across urban and remote areas.
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| * ''Sigrünna Family v. [[Agency for Psychiatry and Psychological Health (Hverland)| Agency for Psychiatry and Psychological Health]]'' (2018) - Ruled that mental health services must be adequately staffed and funded.
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| * ''Taxpayer Association v. Office for Finance'' (2015) - Upheld the substantial allocation towards healthcare, but required more transparent disclosure on fund utilization across various healthcare services.
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| * ''Thorfynd v. Office for Health'' (2012) - Ordered the Office to create a comprehensive plan to make long-term care more accessible, particularly for those with chronic conditions, within a stipulated timeline.
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| * ''[[Albmotválgabealde]] v. Office for Health'' (2009) - Ruled that the Office must address identified disparities in healthcare access between the [[Hverfolk]] and [[Hverlanders]] populations. Mandated the creation of targeted programs, such as mobile clinics and culturally competent care initiatives, to ensure equitable healthcare opportunities for both communities within a set timeframe.
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| * ''Costa Rican Community of [[Hverhöfn]] v. [[Office for Community (Hverland)|Office for Health]]'' (2006) - Ruled that the government was not obligated to cover the cost of translation services for immigrants during medical appointments.
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| * ''Asthríd v. Office for Health'' (1978) - Upheld a law making certain vaccines mandatory for school attendance, citing public health concerns.
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| === Indigenous rights ===
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| * ''[[Albmotválgabealde]] v. [[Office for Education (Hverland)|Office for Education]]'' (2000) - Granted the status of "protected languages" to the [[Hverland Indigenous Languages]], requiring certain educational inclusion.
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| * ''Albmotválgabealde v. [[Office for Hverfolk and Indigenous Interests]]'' (1988) - Ruled that the government must consult with the Hverfolk before undertaking any development projects on ancestral lands. Established a framework for consultation and impact assessment.
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| === Language ===
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| * ''Snórrié v. City of Hverhöfn'' (2013) - Upheld the city's right to require all public signage to be in Hverlandic.
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| * ''Óllaf v. Judiciary'' (2001) - Ruled that all legal proceedings and court documents must be conducted in Hverlandic, except in special circumstances where a translator is necessary.
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| * ''Snorri Media Corp v. [[Agency for Communications (Hverland)|Agency for Communications]]'' (1992) - Ruled that a law passed requiring at least 80% of programming on public television and radio t0 be in Hverlandic was consitutional.
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| === Religion === | | == See also == |
| * ''Swána v. [[Church of Hverland]]'' (2023) - Sided with a Church of Hverland priest who refused to perform same-sex marriages, citing religious freedom. | | * [[Judicial system of Hverland]] |
| * ''Magnus v. City of Hverhöfn'' (2022) - Upheld the legality of Christian symbols and themes in public celebrations like Christmas, citing their cultural rather than solely religious significance.
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| * ''Harald v. Office for Education'' (2021) - Upheld the integration of Church of Hverland religious teachings within the public school curriculum.
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| * ''Ingréð v. [[Agency for Tax (Hverland)| Agency for Tax]]'' (2020) - Confirmed the tax-exempt status of the Church of Hverland, emphasizing its role in providing social and charitable services
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| * ''Ragnór v. [[Agency for the Civil Registry (Hverland)| Agency for the Civil Registry]]'' (2018) - Established that non-Christian religious ceremonies must also be recognized as legally valid marriages.
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| * ''Lëïf v. Church of Hverland'' (2017) - Ruled against the State Church’s ability to dismiss clergy for being members of LGBTQ+ communities.
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| * Church of Hverland v. [[Agency for Land (Hverland)|Agency for Land]] (2016) - Granted the Church of Hverland the right to construct a new building on public land.
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| * ''Rüna v. [[Agency for Religious Affairs (Hverland)|Agency for Religious Affairs]]'' (2014) - A challenge to the government's use of public funds to support religious schools. The court ruled that such support could continue but imposed stricter regulations to ensure the schools abide by national educational standards.
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| === Social issues and equality ===
| | {{Hverland topics}} |
| * ''Ërling v. Office for Finance'' (2022) - Ruled that the Office for Finance must enforce more stringent regulations to address the gender wage gap in the private sector.
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| * ''Jórün v. Office for Community'' (2020) - Upheld a complaint against the Office for Community, ruling that its housing policy indirectly discriminated against LGBTQ+ individuals.
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| * ''Fjallraven Workers Union v. Office for Finance'' (2020) - Found that existing taxation policies exacerbated economic inequality. Ordered a comprehensive review and amendment of tax policies to reduce this gap
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| * ''Vïgdis v. Office for Community'' (2019) - Established the right for same-sex couples to adopt.
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