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| {{Infobox settlement | | {{Infobox political post |
| | official_name = Guta raMambo
| | |post = Prime Minister |
| | other_name =
| | |body = Surrow |
| | motto = Ruramisiro kune vese ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}})<br>Justice for all
| | |nativename = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}) |
| | settlement_type = City
| | |flag = Surrow_CoA.png |
| | image_skyline = Central_Dodoma.JPG
| | |flagsize = 150px |
| | image_flag =
| | |flagborder = |
| | image_seal =
| | |flagcaption = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]] |
| | image_map =
| | |department = |
| | map_caption =
| | |image = TimHouston.png |
| | subdivision_type = [[Wikipedia:Country|Country]]
| | |alt = |
| | subdivision_type1 = [[Rwizikuru#Districts|District]]
| | |incumbent = [[Dwight Timbrell]] |
| | subdivision_name = {{flag|Rwizikuru}} | | |incumbentsince = 16 December, 2018 |
| | subdivision_name1 = [[Gutaguru]]
| | |style = {{wp|The Right Honourable}} |
| | established_title = Founded
| | |residence = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]] |
| | established_date = 1973
| | |nominator = |
| | established_title2 =
| | |member_of = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] |
| | established_date2 =
| | |appointer = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]] |
| | government_type =
| | |termlength = Up to four years |
| | leader_title = Mayor
| | |termlength_qualified = No term limits |
| | leader_name = [[Rungano Sithole]]
| | |constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Surrow]] |
| | area_magnitude =
| | |inaugural = [[Clarence Bradley]] |
| | area_total_sq_mi = | | |formation = 1915 |
| | area_total_km2 =
| | |last = [[Ted Fisher]] |
| | area_land_sq_mi =
| | |abolished = 24 June, 1950 |
| | area_land_km2 =
| | |succession = [[President of Surrow]] |
| | area_water_sq_mi =
| | |deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]] |
| | area_water_km2 =
| | |salary = |
| | area_urban_sq_mi =
| | |website = |
| | area_urban_km2 =
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| | area_metro_km2 = | |
| | area_metro_sq_mi =
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| | population_as_of = 2021
| |
| | population_footnotes =
| |
| | population_total = 204,985
| |
| | population_urban = 204,985
| |
| | population_metro = 294,667
| |
| | population_density_sq_mi =
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| | population_density_km2 =
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| | population_rank = 22nd in Rwizikuru
| |
| | timezone = [[Rwizikuran Standard Time]]
| |
| | utc_offset = +3:45
| |
| | timezone_DST = not observed
| |
| | utc_offset_DST = +3:45
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| | area_code =
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| | latd =
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| | longd =
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| | elevation_footnotes =
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| | elevation_ft =
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| | elevation_m =
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| | website =
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| | footnotes =
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| }} | | }} |
| | The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament. |
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| '''Guta raMambo''' is the official {{wp|capital city}} of [[Rwizikuru]], having been declared capital in 1978 to replace [[Port Fitzhubert]] as the capital city of the country, and also is the seat of the district of [[Gutaguru]]. Located on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]], Guta raMambo was developed as a {{wp|planned capital}} in the 1970s due to a combination of fear of another invasion in the aftermath of the [[Mabifian-Rwizikuran War]] and the [[Garamburan War of Independence]], and a desire to improve control over the peripherial regions of Rwizikuru.
| | ==List== |
| | | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" |
| ==Etymology== | | |- |
| The name '''Guta raMambo''' derives from the {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} phrase meaning ''city of the King''. This was a name that was used for present-day [[Munzwa]] during the [[Rwizi Empire]] which existed from the twelfth century to the middle of the seventeenth century, and renamed a nickname until its abolition.
| | ! {{Abbr|№|Number}} |
| | | ! width=5%| Portrait |
| Prior to 1973, it was home to a village called '''Dryden''', with the name coming from [[Jonas Dryden]], a colonial administrator who oversaw part of the construction of the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway]].
| | ! width=10%| Name |
| | | ! Took office |
| ==History== | | ! Left office |
| ===Pre-1973=== | | ! Days |
| [[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-164-66.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A farm near present-day Guta raMambo, 1950s]] | | ! Election |
| The site of present-day Guta raMambo had been inhabited for as long as humans have existed along the banks of the [[Rwizikuru River]]. However, the area was used mostly for agriculture, with the remaining areas being natural forests.
| | ! width=10%| Political party |
| | | |- |
| Although the site of present-day Guta raMambo was home to several villages over the course of its history, the town only started to develop into a town in the early 20th century, when the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway]] established a {{wp|water stop}} on the site of Guta raMambo. The stop was named after [[Jonas Dryden]], who was a colonial administrator who oversaw part of the construction of the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway]].
| | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] |
| | | |- |
| By 1911, Dryden was listed on the census as a hamlet, comprising of five Eucleans, and eleven Bahians. Over the next few decades, the population grew, with Dryden being incorporated as a village in 1939. By 1941, Dryden had a population of 315 people, where the population largely stayed as is over the next two decades.
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| | | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1 |
| Despite Dryden's unimportance, the government of Rwizikuru as early as 1952 eyed the site to be home of a new capital city to replace [[Port Fitzhubert]], due to its central location which would bring "unity" to all people from [[Yekumavirira]] to [[East Riziland]]. However, these schemes to relocate the capital generally went nowhere during the 1950s and 1960s due to cost concerns and most proposals focused on moving the capital to [[Munzwa]] instead.
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]] |
| | | |rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932) |
| In 1962, [[Vudzijena Nhema]] began making plans for a mini-[[Amankose|Mukoma]] (present-day [[Amankose]]) to serve as the capital of Rwizikuru, with Nhema selecting Dryden as "the most suitable site" for the project. However, any plans to relocate the capital were put on hold following the [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1963|1963]] and [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1964|1964]] coups d'etat as the [[National Salvation Council (Rwizikuru)|National Salvation Council]] sought to present a more [[Euclea|pro-Euclean]] image.
| | |24 June, 1915 |
| | | |24 October, 1932 |
| ===Construction===
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}} |
| [[File:Guta_raMambo_1982.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Aerial view of Guta raMambo, 1982]]
| | | [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]] |
| Following the end of the [[Mabifian-Rwizikuran War]], and the [[Garamburan War of Independence]] in 1969, [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Mambo]] [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] realized that with the advance on the Mugwagwa which connected the cities of what had been [[Port Tsalar|Port Vaugeois]] (present-day [[Port Tsalar]], [[Mabifian]]), [[Port Graham]], and [[Port Fitzhubert]], Port Fitzhubert would be vulnerable to a future Mabifian invasion of Rwizikuru in the event that the Mabifians broke the [[Treaty of Snarksburgh]].
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| | | |- |
| At the same time, Izibongo Ngonidzashe realised that a more central location for the Rwizikuran capital would help improve control over the peripherial regions, particularly over the [[Northern Territory (Rwizikuru)|Northern Territory]], but to a lesser extent also [[Randaland]] and [[North Balisaland]] compared to Port Fitzhubert, which was situated on a coastal estuary.
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small> |
| | | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| Over the next four years, government officials scouted potential sites, with most of these sites being in the [[Midlands Province (Rwizikuru)|Midlands Province]], as the area was centrally located. Among the options were [[Crogan]] and [[Munzwa]], but by 1971, it became clear that the capital should be completely built from scratch as designating an existing urban centre would "cause the rest of the country to feel neglected."
| | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2 |
| | | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]] |
| On 2 December, 1973, Izibongo Ngonidzashe planted a cross to declare the site of Dryden to be home to the new capital city, on the basis of easy transport links by both the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway]] and the [[Rwizikuru River]], while still being able to defend itself from a Mabifian invasion. He also proclaimed the name of the town to be '''Guta raMambo''', or city of the king.
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945) |
| | | |24 October, 1932 |
| In 1974, [[Jim Chimusasa]] was asked by Izibongo Ngonidzashe to design the city. Chimamusa would design a city that was "low to the ground" akin to {{wp|Architecture of Zimbabwe#Traditional architecture|traditional Rwizi buildings}}, and not monumental unlike planned capital cities such as [[New Mina]] (present-day [[Amankose]]). In accordance with Izibongo Ngonidzashe's [[Izibongo Ngondizashe#Political views|conservative]] views, the existing settlement of Dryden was "integrated into the urban fabric," while newer areas were to be designed "more like traditional Rwizi villages." In 1975, Chimusasa's design was approved by the King, and construction began the same year.
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| | | |{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}} |
| By 1977, the first government officials began to relocate to Guta raMambo from Port Fitzhubert, and the following year, the royal family moved to the [[Ashcombe Palace]] on the outskirts of Guta raMambo. With the relocation of the royal family to Guta raMambo, the district of [[Gutaguru]] was carved out of the Midlands Province, partially so that the area can governed directly, and partially to avoid "favouring the Midlands over all the other provinces" in the country.
| | | ''none'' |
| | | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| In 1981, Guta raMambo's population had risen to 14,509 people. At that point in time, most ministries, including the [[Ministry of Defence (Rwizikuru)|Ministry of Defence]] were still based in Port Fitzhubert, which made the city the site of the [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|attempted coup d'etat]] against the Rwizikuran government that year. In its aftermath, the government accelerated efforts to relocate most government offices to Guta raMambo, and by the end of the decade, most high-ranking officials had relocated to Guta raMambo from Port Fitzhubert.
| | |- |
| | | | colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small> |
| ===Contemporary era===
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| [[File:View_of_Ashcombe_Palace.jpg|150px|thumb|left|View of [[Ashcombe Palace]], 2023]]
| | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3 |
| In 1990, the city was officially declared completed by Crown Prince [[Joseph Ngonidzashe]], who served as the Chief of Gutaguru at the time. The 1991 census showed that the city's population rose to 67,104 people.
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]] |
| | | |rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966) |
| While Joseph Ngonidzashe's tenure as Chief of Gutaguru was marked by his attempts to maintain the city's image by prohibiting the construction of skyscrapers, as Joseph Ngonidzashe believed that skyscrapers would "undermine the city's character," the lack of a cohesive urban plan after Chimamusa's urban plan led to the emergence of shantytowns on the edge of town, in part because the city became a regionally important hub for the surround towns and villages. By 2001, the city's population rose to 112,708 people.
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| | | |24 June, 1935 |
| After the death of Joseph Ngonidzashe in 2002, his successor as Chief, [[Thomas Mhlanga]], instituted the first "comprehensive urban plan" for the capital since [[Jim Chimamusa]]'s original 1974 plan for the city. Mhlanga's plan was to {{wp|slum clearance|clear}} all twenty-one slums and to build neighbourhoods similar to Chimamusa's original plan for the city, with a target population of 300,000 people by 2022. However, Chimasusa's plan was hindered by a lack of money due to high levels of {{wp|misappropriation}} and {{wp|corruption}} by the Rwizikuran government, although by 2011, three new neighbourhoods were built in place of former slums, primarily near the [[Ashcombe Palace]]. That year, the city's population was measured to be 149,104 people by the Rwizikuran government.
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}} |
| | | | ''none'' |
| In September 2014, Thomas Mhlanga retired from his position as Chief of Gutaguru, and Crown Prince [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]] was appointed as Chief of Gutaguru. As Chief, Munashe Ngonidzashe largely continued Mhlanga's policies, but with full access to the royal treasury, Munashe was able to accomplish more of the Mhlanga plan: by the time Munashe Ngonidzashe became regent in June 2016, a total of fifteen slums were cleared of the original twenty-one, with five new neighbourhoods being under construction at that point in time. By the time of [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]'s death in February 2019, fourteen new neighbourhoods were built, although the district government noted that since 2002, six new slums emerged as the city continued to grow.
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| | | |- |
| After the accession of Munashe Ngonidzashe to the Rwizikuran throne, he appointed [[TBD]] to be the Chief of Gutaguru.
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small> |
| | | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| (TBC)
| | ! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4 |
| | | |rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]] |
| ==Geography== | | |rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991) |
| [[File:Kutarisa_pamusoro_peGuta_raMambo.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Panoramic view of Guta raMambo, 2020]] | | |24 June, 1935 |
| Guta raMambo is located on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]], and bordered to the south by the [[Chitsvene Rover]], which flows from the Plateau to the Rwizikuru River in an west to east direction.
| | |24 June, 1950 |
| | | |{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}} |
| It is somewhat low lying, with the average elevation of Guta raMambo being at fourty meters (131 feet) above sea level. It is somewhat hilly as well, with the highest point being Cheushe Hill, situated at 172 meters (564 feet) above sea level.
| | | [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]] |
| | | | style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]] |
| Climate-wise, Guta raMambo is in a {{wp|tropical monsoon climate}}, with average highs of 33.1 °C (91.6 °F), average lows of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F), and 2,783.3 milimeters of rain per year, with most of the rain falling between April and October, as well as having high humidity.
| | |- |
| | | | colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small> |
| ==Government== | | |} |
| Like any city in [[Rwizikuru]], it has an elected '''Mayor''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''meya'') and an elected '''city council''' (''kanzuru yeguta'').
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| The city council comprises of five members, each representing one of the city's five wards, and are elected every four years by all inhabitants of Guta raMambo over the age of 21, as stipulated in the ''[[Civic Decree of 1965]]'' issued by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]. The mayor is also elected in the same elections that elect the rest of the city council.
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| The current mayor is [[Rungano Sithole]], who was elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018.
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| ==Demographics== | |
| [[File:000_1333_Dodoma_Cathedral.JPG|250px|thumb|left|[[Saint Chloé's Church, Guta raMambo|Saint Chloé's Church]], 2006]] | |
| As of the 2021 census, Guta raMambo has a population of 204,985 people within its borders, while its metropolitan area comprises of 294,667 people, mostly comprising small villages near Guta raMambo.
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| Of the 204,985 people living in Guta raMambo, 143,490 people, or around 70% percent of the population are {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}}, followed by the {{wp|Sotho people|Balisa}} at 30,748 people, or around 15% of the population, the [[Randa people|Randa]] at 16,399 people, or around 8% of the population, and other ethnic groups at 14,348 people, or around 7% of the population, mostly {{wp|Bemba people|Makomo}} and [[Mirites|Mirite]], with a tiny [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]] presence in Guta raMambo.
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| In terms of religion, 164,603 people, or around 80.3% of the population are [[Sotirianity|Sotirian]]. Of the Sotirians, 68,465 people, or around 33.4% of the population are members of the [[United Amended Church]], 61,496 people, or around 30% of the population, are members of the [[Reformed and Amended Church of Sotirias]], 29,108 people, or around 14.2% of the population, are [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholics]], and the remaining 5,534 people, or around 2.7% of the population, follow other sects.
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| The next largest religion is [[Badi]], followed by 33,823 people, or around 16.5% of the population, followed by [[Irfan]], followed by 4,305 people, or around 2.1% of the population. Of the remaining 1.1% of the population, around 0.9% of the population follow {{wp|Traditional African religions|traditional Bahian religions}}, with the remainder following other religions, with only trace amounts of irreligious people living in the capital city.
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| ==Transportation== | |
| [[File:Dodma_Airport.JPG|250px|thumb|left|[[Guta raMambo Airport]], 2015]]
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| Guta raMambo was selected to be the capital of [[Rwizikuru]] on account of its position on both the [[Rwizikuru River]] and the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway]]: to this day, there are daily services going to both [[Port Fitzhubert]] and [[Rusere]] by railway, as well as {{wp|water taxi}} service to communities along the Rwizikuru River that also transports goods in and out of the city.
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| It is connected by air via the [[Guta raMambo Airport]], with daily flights to the [[Zophar Bohannon International Airport]] near Port Fitzhubert, as well as regular cargo flights from [[Euclea]]. The Guta raMambo Airport is also the base for the royal private jets, which are frequently used by the [[House of Ngonidzashe]] to fly to and from Euclean countries, such as [[Estmere]], or for diplomatic purposes, such as flights to [[COMSED]] member states.
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| While Guta raMambo is connected by road to Port Fitzhubert, Rusere, and [[Munzwa]], these roads were historically not as well-maintained as the {{wp|motorway|Mugwagwa}} connecting Port Fitzhubert with [[Port Graham]]. However, since 2015, a project has been made to build a second motorway from Port Fitzhubert to the border with [[Yemet]], going through Guta raMambo.
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• Prime Minister of Surrow • 
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