Farokand: Difference between revisions
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| 19.8% [[Faroians|Faroian]] | | 19.8% [[Faroians|Faroian]] | ||
| 17.9% [[Kandu people|Kandu]] | | 17.9% [[Kandu people|Kandu]] | ||
| 16.1% [[ | | 16.1% [[Cerecanese people|Cerecanese]] | ||
| 14.7% [[ | | 14.7% [[Pundannis|Pundanni]] | ||
| 8.5% [[Kilaris|Kilari]] | | 8.5% [[Kilaris|Kilari]] | ||
| 6.3% [[Enerisalani people|Enerisalani]] | | 6.3% [[Enerisalani people|Enerisalani]] | ||
| 4.0% [[Muro people|Muro]] | | 4.0% [[Muro people|Muro]] | ||
| 3.4% [[ | | 3.4% [[Okuls|Okul]] | ||
| 9.3% [[Ethnic groups in Farokand|other]] | | 9.3% [[Ethnic groups in Farokand|other]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Farokand''', officially the '''United Federation of Farokand''' ([[Farokandi language|Farokandi]]: ''Fedérataza Boisunisal Farokandi''), is a country in [[Eastern Dulmara]]. It is the most populous country in [[Dulmara]] and the [[List of countries by population (Tengri)|fifth-most populous country]] in [[Tengri|the world]]. Farokand is an {{wp|island country}} situated between the [[Ekozic Ocean|Ekozic]] and [[Dulmara Ocean|Dulmara]] [[Oceans of Tengri|oceans]]. It has no {{wp|Border|land borders}}, but it shares {{wp|Maritime boundary|maritime borders}} with [[Malizia]], [[ | '''Farokand''', officially the '''United Federation of Farokand''' ([[Farokandi language|Farokandi]]: ''Fedérataza Boisunisal Farokandi''), is a country in [[Eastern Dulmara]]. It is the most populous country in [[Dulmara]] and the [[List of countries by population (Tengri)|fifth-most populous country]] in [[Tengri|the world]]. Farokand is an {{wp|island country}} situated between the [[Ekozic Ocean|Ekozic]] and [[Dulmara Ocean|Dulmara]] [[Oceans of Tengri|oceans]]. It has no {{wp|Border|land borders}}, but it shares {{wp|Maritime boundary|maritime borders}} with [[Malizia]], [[Argolan]], and [[Keldoria]]. Farokand is a {{wp|federation}} that is [[Administrative divisions of Farokand|administratively divided]] into 14 [[Federal republics of Farokand|federal republics]]. The nation has two {{wp|Capital city|capital cities}}: [[Faroi]] and [[Kandi]], which are also the country's [[List of cities in Farokand by population|first- and second-most populous cities]], respectively. Other major cities include [[Karrakaz]], [[Dulsadis]], [[Enerisal]], [[Kilarnod]], and [[Okulabad]]. | ||
Farokand was initially settled by the {{wp|Prehistory|prehistoric}} [[Borfusans]], but they were later [[Malthasvarian migration|expelled]] by the [[Malthasvars]], who crossed over to the [[Farokandi archipelago|archipelago]] from [[Kulanthir]] around the fourth century BCE. Only the major [[List of islands of Farokand|islands]] were settled at first, but over time the rest of Dulmara was populated as well. Over time, the Malthasvars were divided and {{wp|Ethnogenesis|developed}} into separate identities on their respective islands. Eventually, the dispersed tribes of the [[Malthasvarian peoples]] began to expand and evolve into full states. By the 10th century CE, the region of [[Farokand (region)|Farokand]] was dominated by four opposing kingdoms: the [[Kingdom of Faroi]], the [[Kingdom of Kandi]], the [[Kingdom of Enerisal]], and the [[Kingdom of Cerecan]]. Conflict between the four kingdoms was common, especially over control or influence over the other Dulmaran kingdoms. Eventually, however, they began to focus more on trade and cooperation than total control over their neighbors. | Farokand was initially settled by the {{wp|Prehistory|prehistoric}} [[Borfusans]], but they were later [[Malthasvarian migration|expelled]] by the [[Malthasvars]], who crossed over to the [[Farokandi archipelago|archipelago]] from [[Kulanthir]] around the fourth century BCE. Only the major [[List of islands of Farokand|islands]] were settled at first, but over time the rest of Dulmara was populated as well. Over time, the Malthasvars were divided and {{wp|Ethnogenesis|developed}} into separate identities on their respective islands. Eventually, the dispersed tribes of the [[Malthasvarian peoples]] began to expand and evolve into full states. By the 10th century CE, the region of [[Farokand (region)|Farokand]] was dominated by [[Four Kingdoms|four opposing kingdoms]]: the [[Kingdom of Faroi]], the [[Kingdom of Kandi]], the [[Kingdom of Enerisal]], and the [[Kingdom of Cerecan]]. Conflict between the four kingdoms was common, especially over control or influence over the other Dulmaran kingdoms. Eventually, however, they began to focus more on trade and cooperation than total control over their neighbors. | ||
In 1463, Keldoria formed the [[Keldorian Empire]]. The Keldorian Empire and its allies engaged in [[Fifty Years' War (Tengri)|a decades-long war]] that spanned the [[Continents of Tengri|continents]] of [[Kulanthir]], [[Armaghan]], and [[Vistozia]]. In 1502, Keldoria [[Keldorian-Cerecanese War|invaded]] [[Cerecan]], capitulating the country with its sheer military might. Keldoria turned to Faroi and Kandi next, starting the [[Dulmara Conflict]]. Faroi and Kandi, previously {{wp|international trade|trade}} rivals, realized that the only way to defeat Keldoria would be to unify. And so, following the 1503 [[Markov Conference]], the [[Unification of Farokand|unification]] was formalized and the newly-united Farokand would go on to defeat Keldoria and repel its forces from Dulmara. Following the Dulmara Conflict, Farokand became a {{wp|great power}}, [[Farokandi colonization of Hirovia|colonizing]] the continent of [[Hirovia (continent)|Hirovia]] and establishing a powerful {{wp|military}}. After [[Farokandi renaissance|a period]] of {{wp|Scientific progress|progress}} and advancement, the [[Monarchy of Farokand|monarchy of Farokand]] was {{wp|Abolition of monarchy|abolished}} in the 1828 [[April Revolution]]. The late 19th century and the early 20th century brought Farokand through several phases of its democracy. World tensions were on the rise in the early-to-mid 20th century, as [[Padambla]] was [[1942 Padambli coup d'état|taken over]] by {{wp|Ultranationalism|ultranationalist}} dictator [[Devander Khalsa]] and the world was plunged into [[Great War (Tengri)|a world war]]. Farokand assisted the [[Kambapur Coalition|Coalition]] in the war. Following the Great War, Farokand spearheaded the global push towards a strong {{wp|international institution}} to prevent further world conflicts, eventually leading to the establishment of the [[World Government]] in 1955. The [[Second Farokandi-Cerecanese War]] of 1966 led to Farokand gaining the territory of Cerecan, which was divided into [[Provinces of Farokand|provinces]] like the rest of Farokand. The [[Cold War (Tengri)|global tensions]] between the world's [[Great powers (Tengri)|great powers]], originating from the end of the Great War, led to the creation of the Farokandi-aligned [[Dulmara Ocean Treaty Organization]] (DOTO) in 1969. In 2014, Farokand [[Federal Proclamation|became a federation]], divided into constituent federal republics. | In 1463, Keldoria formed the [[Keldorian Empire]]. The Keldorian Empire and its allies engaged in [[Fifty Years' War (Tengri)|a decades-long war]] that spanned the [[Continents of Tengri|continents]] of [[Kulanthir]], [[Armaghan]], and [[Vistozia]]. In 1502, Keldoria [[Keldorian-Cerecanese War|invaded]] [[Cerecan]], capitulating the country with its sheer military might. Keldoria turned to Faroi and Kandi next, starting the [[Dulmara Conflict]]. Faroi and Kandi, previously {{wp|international trade|trade}} rivals, realized that the only way to defeat Keldoria would be to unify. And so, following the 1503 [[Markov Conference]], the [[Unification of Farokand|unification]] was formalized and the newly-united Farokand would go on to defeat Keldoria and repel its forces from Dulmara. Following the Dulmara Conflict, Farokand became a {{wp|great power}}, [[Farokandi colonization of Hirovia|colonizing]] the continent of [[Hirovia (continent)|Hirovia]] and establishing a powerful {{wp|military}}. After [[Farokandi renaissance|a period]] of {{wp|Scientific progress|progress}} and advancement, the [[Monarchy of Farokand|monarchy of Farokand]] was {{wp|Abolition of monarchy|abolished}} in the 1828 [[April Revolution]]. The late 19th century and the early 20th century brought Farokand through several phases of its democracy. World tensions were on the rise in the early-to-mid 20th century, as [[Padambla]] was [[1942 Padambli coup d'état|taken over]] by {{wp|Ultranationalism|ultranationalist}} dictator [[Devander Khalsa]] and the world was plunged into [[Great War (Tengri)|a world war]]. Farokand assisted the [[Kambapur Coalition|Coalition]] in the war. Following the Great War, Farokand spearheaded the global push towards a strong {{wp|international institution}} to prevent further world conflicts, eventually leading to the establishment of the [[World Government]] in 1955. The [[Second Farokandi-Cerecanese War]] of 1966 led to Farokand gaining the territory of Cerecan, which was divided into [[Provinces of Farokand|provinces]] like the rest of Farokand. The [[Cold War (Tengri)|global tensions]] between the world's [[Great powers (Tengri)|great powers]], originating from the end of the Great War, led to the creation of the Farokandi-aligned [[Dulmara Ocean Treaty Organization]] (DOTO) in 1969. In 2014, Farokand [[Federal Proclamation|became a federation]], divided into constituent federal republics. | ||
The [[Government of Farokand|Farokandi government]] is a {{wp|Federation|federal}} {{wp|Parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|Republic|republic}} and {{wp|representative democracy}} with a {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral}} national legislature, the [[Farokandi Federal Assembly|Federal Assembly]]. Farokand ranks highly in international measures of {{wp|Human Development Index|quality of life}}, [[Human rights in Farokand|human rights]], [[Income in Farokand|income]], innovation, and [[Education in Farokand|education]]. It has some of the world's lowest levels of perceived [[Corruption in Farokand|corruption]] and {{wp|wealth inequality}}. Farokand has a developed [[Social security in Farokand|social security]] and offers [[Healthcare in Farokand|universal heath care]] and tuition-free tertiary education. Because of these systems, Farokand has a very high {{wp|standard of living}}. It has the world's [[List of countries by GDP (Tengri)|largest economy by nominal GDP]] and the world's [[List of countries by GDP (Tengri)|second-largest economy by purchasing power parity]]. Farokand is a founding member of the [[World Government]], [[DOTO]], [[Global Bank (Tengri)|Global Bank]], and several other international organizations, and is a permanent member of the [[World Government Security Council]]. It possesses significant international influence | The [[Government of Farokand|Farokandi government]] is a {{wp|Federation|federal}} {{wp|Parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|Republic|republic}} and {{wp|representative democracy}} with a {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral}} national legislature, the [[Farokandi Federal Assembly|Federal Assembly]]. Farokand ranks highly in international measures of {{wp|Human Development Index|quality of life}}, [[Human rights in Farokand|human rights]], [[Income in Farokand|income]], innovation, and [[Education in Farokand|education]]. It has some of the world's lowest levels of perceived [[Corruption in Farokand|corruption]] and {{wp|wealth inequality}}. Farokand has a developed [[Social security in Farokand|social security]] and offers [[Healthcare in Farokand|universal heath care]] and tuition-free tertiary education. Because of these systems, Farokand has a very high {{wp|standard of living}}. It has the world's [[List of countries by GDP (Tengri)|largest economy by nominal GDP]] and the world's [[List of countries by GDP (Tengri)|second-largest economy by purchasing power parity]]. Farokand is a founding member of the [[World Government]], [[DOTO]], [[Global Bank (Tengri)|Global Bank]], and several other international organizations, and is a permanent member of the [[World Government Security Council]]. It possesses significant international influence as a leading [[Politics of Farokand|political]], [[Culture of Farokand|cultural]], economic, [[Farokandi Armed Forces|military]], and [[Science and technology in Farokand|scientific]] power. | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
Latest revision as of 01:28, 18 July 2024
United Federation of Farokand Fedérataza Boisunisal Farokandi (Farokandi) | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Motto: "Boisuniza Üsta Koramtok" (Farokandi) "Unity Over Submission" | |
| Anthem: Himnal Boisuniza va Alöketil (Farokandi) "Anthem of Unity and Freedom" | |
| Capital | Faroi (executive, judicial) Kandi (legislative) |
| Largest city | Faroi |
| Official language | Farokandi |
| Regional languages | See Languages of Farokand § Official languages |
| Ethnic groups (2020) |
|
| Religion (2020) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Farokandi |
| Government | Federal parliamentary republic |
| Kolam Situroz | |
| Akalovi Nirdosta | |
| Legislature | Federal Assembly |
| Formation | |
| 2 August 1503 | |
| 17 April 1828 | |
| 20 April 1828 | |
| 9 June 1840 | |
| 26 March 1869 | |
| 13 December 1959 | |
| 15 December 1959 | |
| 8 June 1966 | |
| 11 November 2014 | |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate |  268,590,644 |
• 2020 census | 265,977,659 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $26.563 trillion |
• Per capita | $98,898 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $25.892 trillion |
• Per capita | $96,399 |
| Gini (2020) |  25.8low |
| HDI (2022) | 0.946 very high |
| Currency | Kabit (₭) (FKK) |
| Time zone | IST+0 (EDT) |
| DST is not observed. | |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy (CE) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +24 |
| Internet TLD | .fk |
Farokand, officially the United Federation of Farokand (Farokandi: Fedérataza Boisunisal Farokandi), is a country in Eastern Dulmara. It is the most populous country in Dulmara and the fifth-most populous country in the world. Farokand is an island country situated between the Ekozic and Dulmara oceans. It has no land borders, but it shares maritime borders with Malizia, Argolan, and Keldoria. Farokand is a federation that is administratively divided into 14 federal republics. The nation has two capital cities: Faroi and Kandi, which are also the country's first- and second-most populous cities, respectively. Other major cities include Karrakaz, Dulsadis, Enerisal, Kilarnod, and Okulabad.
Farokand was initially settled by the prehistoric Borfusans, but they were later expelled by the Malthasvars, who crossed over to the archipelago from Kulanthir around the fourth century BCE. Only the major islands were settled at first, but over time the rest of Dulmara was populated as well. Over time, the Malthasvars were divided and developed into separate identities on their respective islands. Eventually, the dispersed tribes of the Malthasvarian peoples began to expand and evolve into full states. By the 10th century CE, the region of Farokand was dominated by four opposing kingdoms: the Kingdom of Faroi, the Kingdom of Kandi, the Kingdom of Enerisal, and the Kingdom of Cerecan. Conflict between the four kingdoms was common, especially over control or influence over the other Dulmaran kingdoms. Eventually, however, they began to focus more on trade and cooperation than total control over their neighbors.
In 1463, Keldoria formed the Keldorian Empire. The Keldorian Empire and its allies engaged in a decades-long war that spanned the continents of Kulanthir, Armaghan, and Vistozia. In 1502, Keldoria invaded Cerecan, capitulating the country with its sheer military might. Keldoria turned to Faroi and Kandi next, starting the Dulmara Conflict. Faroi and Kandi, previously trade rivals, realized that the only way to defeat Keldoria would be to unify. And so, following the 1503 Markov Conference, the unification was formalized and the newly-united Farokand would go on to defeat Keldoria and repel its forces from Dulmara. Following the Dulmara Conflict, Farokand became a great power, colonizing the continent of Hirovia and establishing a powerful military. After a period of progress and advancement, the monarchy of Farokand was abolished in the 1828 April Revolution. The late 19th century and the early 20th century brought Farokand through several phases of its democracy. World tensions were on the rise in the early-to-mid 20th century, as Padambla was taken over by ultranationalist dictator Devander Khalsa and the world was plunged into a world war. Farokand assisted the Coalition in the war. Following the Great War, Farokand spearheaded the global push towards a strong international institution to prevent further world conflicts, eventually leading to the establishment of the World Government in 1955. The Second Farokandi-Cerecanese War of 1966 led to Farokand gaining the territory of Cerecan, which was divided into provinces like the rest of Farokand. The global tensions between the world's great powers, originating from the end of the Great War, led to the creation of the Farokandi-aligned Dulmara Ocean Treaty Organization (DOTO) in 1969. In 2014, Farokand became a federation, divided into constituent federal republics.
The Farokandi government is a federal parliamentary republic and representative democracy with a unicameral national legislature, the Federal Assembly. Farokand ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, human rights, income, innovation, and education. It has some of the world's lowest levels of perceived corruption and wealth inequality. Farokand has a developed social security and offers universal heath care and tuition-free tertiary education. Because of these systems, Farokand has a very high standard of living. It has the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's second-largest economy by purchasing power parity. Farokand is a founding member of the World Government, DOTO, Global Bank, and several other international organizations, and is a permanent member of the World Government Security Council. It possesses significant international influence as a leading political, cultural, economic, military, and scientific power.
Etymology
The name "Farokand" is a portmanteau of the names of the two original constituent countries of Farokand: Faroi and Kandi. During the unification process of Faroi and Kandi, the citizens of the two nations were able to vote on what the name of the country should be, based on popular ideas that reached the diplomats. The top three choices were Kandfaroi in third, Dulmara in second, and Farokand in first. Since the annexations of Pundann and Cerecan, many proposals have been made to change the name of Farokand to be more inclusive towards the rest of its territory, with most proposals being centered around the continent of Dulmara.
History
Early history
Archaic humans are thought to have inhabited Farokand as late as 1.5 million years ago, as evidenced by fossilized remains of Homo erectus found in multiple places across Farokand. These archaic humans were slowly replaced by Homo sapiens starting at around 42,000 BCE. The first inhabitants of Farokand were the Borfusans, who originally settled much of the area. However, they were almost entirely wiped out by the arrival of the Malthasvars, and were confined to the island of Borfusa where they reside to this day. The Malthasvars spread out across the Farokandi Archipelago, reaching most of the major islands.
The islands of the Farokandi Archipelago, especially Kazar Island and Ülsomm Fara, possessed ideal agricultural conditions that led to prosperity and growth amongst the region's towns and kingdoms, and its strategic position in the Dulmara Ocean enticed inter-island and international trade. Especially profiting from its position was the Kingdom of Enerisal, which had grown to be a strong power in the area. Other emerging powers in the archipelago included Faroi, Kandi, Cerecan, and Pirvania. The 4th century CE brought about Köbulam, a polytheistic religion originating from the region of Kaleztia. Köbulam quickly spread across the Farokandi Archipelago, becoming the region's most widely-practiced religion.
The Premodern Age was a period of development in Farokand, which was unaffected by the Kulanthirian Dark Ages. Trade continued to be conducted with the nearby continents, though Kulanthir began to move away from Farokand as it grew more untrusting of outsiders. Farokand instead traded more with the nations of Armaghan, gaining access to unique spices and luxury goods. The trade routes to Armaghan also transported culture and ideas to Farokand, influencing the development of the region's many cultures and introducing them to various new inventions. Influenced by Oran (which was currently under the Zang dynasty), Farokandi kingdoms exhibited strong central authority instead of adopting feudalism from the Kulanthirian societies. The region of Farokand was dominated by four kingdoms throughout post-classical history. These were Faroi, Kandi, Enerisal, and Cerecan. These kingdoms, which harnessed immense economic, cultural, and political power, had great influence over their neighbors. By 1212, through a series of conquests and diplomatic annexations, the Kingdom of Faroi controlled the entirety of Kazar Island. In 1298, the Kingdom of Kandi and the Kingdom of Enerisal formed a personal union with the Acts of Union, though this union was broken with the Kandu-Enerisalani War of 1347, which ended with Kandi annexing the rest of the country and assuming control over all of Ülsomm Fara.
Dulmara Conflict
In 1463, the Keldorian Empire formed and began the Fifty Years' War, often described as the first global conflict in history, though it was a series of connected armed conflicts instead of just one single conflict. In 1502, the war reached Dulmara, with the Keldorian-Cerecanese War. Cerecan, which had more of a focus on economy and trade than the military, quickly capitulated to Keldoria, which then invaded Pundann, beginning the Dulmara Conflict. Faroi and Kandi intervened in an attempt to cease the spread of the Keldorian Empire and its influence, sending their navies to protect Pundann. The Faroian and Kandu navies confronted the Keldorian Navy with the Battle of the Pundanni Coast. The battle was an overwhelming victory for Faroi and Kandi, and Keldoria retreated its navy back to Cerecan. However, subsequent naval battles with Keldoria proved that the numerical advantage of the Keldorian force was too great, and Pundann was taken over by Keldoria as Faroi and Kandi concentrated their forces around their mainland.
In 1503, King Salim I of Faroi and King Hasan II of Kandi met in Hokanoi, Markovia. The meeting, known as the Markov Conference, discussed potential unification between Faroi and Kandi against their common enemy, Keldoria. After much deliberation, both sides agreed to the finalized proposal. Kandi and Faroi would unite into a single country, the name of which would be voted on by the people, with a united military, economy, and leader, which Hasan II would fill the role of until the end of the Dulmara Conflict. The unification was fully formalized on 2 August 1503, a few days after the Markov Conference. The unification restored morale in Faroi and Kandi, and the united military proved easier to manage. On 16 August, Farokandi forces invaded Keldorian-controlled Pundann, culminating in the Battle of Arilaz, a Farokandi victory that led to the liberation of the entire Pundanni archipelago from Keldorian hands. After further fighting, Farokand eventually liberated Cerecan as well, and a few years later Keldoria was defeated in its homeland at the Second Battle of Arlensburg, ending the war.
Post-unification
The union of Faroi and Kandi persisted after the end of the Dulmara Conflict, bringing an age of prosperity and development to the isles, known as the Farokandi renaissance. After a series of skirmishes and a war, the island of Borfusa and the Borfusan tribes were annexed into Farokand. Farokand became a great power, with a large military and booming economy. In the late 1500s, Kulanthirian powers began the Age of Discovery, which also saw the beginning of colonialism. Farokand established many trading posts in Armaghan and Darana, and, in the early 17th century, colonized Hirovia, using the continent's immense wealth to fuel its economy further. Disputes over colonial territory in Darana with Malgania, Erubor, and Selon led to the War of the Sapphire Coast, in which Farokand was defeated by a coalition of Vistozian and Kulanthirian colonial powers and lost most of its possessions in Darana. This war marked the end of the Farokandi colonial empire, as it lost influence over the rest of its territory as well with Hirovian independence in 1802.
In 1809, Cerecan and Farokand engaged in a naval war over competing trade interests and the control of the strategic Sutaroni Islands. It ended with the division of the islands, with Cerecan keeping Mitsivia and Farokand taking Sutal. This peace agreement marked the beginning of a long era of peaceful competition between the two countries instead of the previously-hostile relations. In 1828, King Salim III was elected as the monarch of Farokand. However, it was soon after discovered that he was being influenced and bribed by the nobility. Widespread protests erupted in Farokand in response, calling for Salim III's abdication. He refused, and ordered the military to suppress protests. One group of protesters, mainly Borfusans advocating for lowering the excessively-high taxes in their land and for more government recognition, refused to back down to the military. The commander of the military force in the area, Colonel Armaz Kelikü, ordered his troops to fire upon the protesters, resulting in the Borfusa Massacre. 22 protesters were killed, and over 50 others were injured in the massacre. This only sparked more outrage, leading to the founding of the Constitutionalist political organisation, which advocated for democracy and the abolition of the monarchy. The Constitutionalists demanded to meet with Salim III, but this meeting was unsuccessful in lowering tensions, and the Constitutionalists considered revolution the only option. They amassed a force of over 20,000 army deserters and peasants, then marched on Žukala Palace on 17 April in the April Revolution of 1828. The Constitutionalists were successful, establishing the Constitutional Council and passing the first Constitution.
Karil Umokorvi, the first Zolar of Farokand, enacted a series of sweeping reforms in the country. The monarchy was completely abolished, civil and political rights were expanded significantly, and Borfusa was given autonomous status amidst growing Borfusan nationalism. Although these reforms lasted for most of the First Republic's history, Žalnyak Yurotdzé—a nobleman from Nusomm—reversed many of them and perceived corruption skyrocketed. The Borfusan autonomy was abolished, causing the Borfusan Revolution in the island. Revolts across the rest of Farokand also occurred in opposition to Yurotdzé's policies, causing the Yurotdzé Crisis. With the integrity and unity of Farokand at stake, the military ousted Yurotdzé and the United Assembly established the Second Constitutional Council, reforming the constitution into the first version of its modern form.
Pundann War
In the 1860s, relations between Pundann and Farokand soured, as the two countries supported and traded with different sides in the War of the Vistozian Coalitions. Starting in 1868, Pundanni vessels were given the orders to board and seize any Farokandi ships in the Pundanni Sea. In March of 1869, Farokand retaliated after the sinking of one of its ships and the Pundanni refusal of negotiations. Farokandi naval vessels attacked Karrakaz, the capital city of Pundann, destroying the city's important shipyards and causing numerous fires. Much of the western part of the city was destroyed in the attack. The attack on Karrakaz was followed by a naval invasion in the city by Farokandi troops. After capturing and executing the Pundanni king Velyus the Cowardly, the Farokandis issued the Pundann Act, annexing the Kingdom of Pundann and dividing it between the territory of Faroi and Kandi. This action also strained relations with Cerecan, which sought an alliance with Malgania to prevent Farokandi expansion into its territory.
In 1896, the Pundanni lawyer Geloryu Emúli was elected to the position of Prime Minister of Farokand. He had campaigned to give Pundann and Borfusa autonomy as their own constituent countries akin to Faroi and Kandi. This made him popular among Pundannis, Borfusans, and other unrecognised ethnic groups in Farokand (even among many Faroians and Kandus), but unpopular among the nobility and politicians. However, him and the Social Democratic Party were able to secure the election and enact their promised policies, establishing the Republic of Pundann and the Republic of Borfusa as constituent countries of Farokand with the Acts of Self-Determination. In 1899, gold was discovered in the Muduz Islands, triggering the Muduz gold rush. As it progressed, the gold rush discovered other precious metals and important industrial metals, providing a boost to Farokandi exports of natural resources.
Era of Turbulence
The early 20th century came to be known as the Era of Turbulence worldwide, as it brought about a series of widespread revolutions spanning every continent.