National Petroleum Syndicate: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox company | {{Infobox company | ||
| name = National Petroleum Syndicate | | name = National Petroleum Syndicate | ||
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| image_caption = | | image_caption = | ||
| trading_name = | | trading_name = | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = Tadukli Taɣelnawt n Upiṭrul | ||
| native_name_lang = {{wp|Central Atlas Tamazight|Takelat}} | | native_name_lang = {{wp|Central Atlas Tamazight|Takelat}} | ||
| romanized_name = | | romanized_name = | ||
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| predecessor = | | predecessor = | ||
| successor = | | successor = | ||
| founded = {{Start date and age|1872|07|22}} in [[ | | founded = {{Start date and age|1872|07|22}} in [[Kirthan]], [[Talahara]] | ||
| founders = {{ubl|Maɣus Beydun|Tasarut Mastani|Ayur Rizak|Azenkwed Rad}} | | founders = {{ubl|Maɣus Beydun|Tasarut Mastani|Ayur Rizak|Azenkwed Rad}} | ||
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | | defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''National Petroleum Syndicate''' ({{wp|Central Atlas Tamazight|Takelat}}: | The '''National Petroleum Syndicate''' ({{wp|Central Atlas Tamazight|Takelat}}: ⵜⴰⴷⵓⴽⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⴻⵍnⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵒⵉⵟⵔⵓⵍ; ''Tadukli Taɣelnawt n Upiṭrul''), commonly initiallized as '''TTU''' (''Tatapiṭ'') is the national [[Talahara|Talaharan]] petroleum syndicate, primarily operating in crude petroleum extraction and refinement. The NPS is a [[List_of_commercial_entity_types_of_Talahara#Direct_distributist_syndicate|direct distributist syndicate]], with its commercial assets collectively owned by its workforce membership. Initially formed in 1872 to explore oil extraction, the NPS grew rapidly at the turn of the 20th century and is now the largest commercial entity in modern Talahara, accounting for approximately one-tenth of the country's economic product. | ||
The NPS primarily supplies petroleum for energy and petrochemicals in Talahara and Tyreseia. The NPS's market reach also extends to the broader Periclean basin and inland over West Scipia. As Talahara is notably not a member of the [[Association of Oil Producing Nations|AOPN]], the NPS frequently competes with [[Sydalon|Sydalene]] oil and gas companies in the Periclean basin. | The NPS primarily supplies petroleum for energy and petrochemicals in Talahara and Tyreseia. The NPS currently extracts approximately 9.31 million barrels (1.48 billion litres) of crude oil daily. The NPS's market reach also extends to the broader Periclean basin and inland over West Scipia. As Talahara is notably not a member of the [[Association of Oil Producing Nations|AOPN]], the NPS frequently competes with [[Sydalon|Sydalene]] and [[Khemetu|Khemetian]] oil and gas companies in the Periclean basin. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Oil exploration in Talahara began in the 1860s as advents in gas lighting fueled by kerosene was developed abroad, creating an industrial substitute for whale oil and coal gas/tar. Kerosene and other early petro fuels were far more energy dense than coal gas and whale oil, and the extraction was easier to industrialize than the harvesting processes of the latter. The first oil wells in Talahara were commercially viable by 1869 and the National Petroleum Syndicate was officially founded in 1870 by a group of entrepreneurs and engineers who imported foreign refinement and extraction methods to Talahara. | Oil exploration in Talahara began in the 1860s as advents in gas lighting fueled by kerosene was developed abroad, creating an industrial substitute for whale oil and coal gas/tar. Kerosene and other early petro fuels were far more energy dense than coal gas and whale oil, and the extraction was easier to industrialize than the harvesting processes of the latter. The first oil wells in Talahara were commercially viable by 1869 and the National Petroleum Syndicate was officially founded in 1870 by a group of entrepreneurs and engineers who imported foreign refinement and extraction methods to Talahara. | ||
The first Talaharan wells were exploited in the southwest, near the city of | The first Talaharan wells were exploited in the southwest, near the city of Kirthan on the edge of the Ninva Desert. The first oil wells in the region were discovered incidentally by drillers searching for groundwater aquifers sometime shortly after the [[Talaharan Civil War]]. These wells were initially treated somewhat as novelties as techniques for refining the crude oil into efficient products were yet unknown. The development of the first commercially viable internal combustion engines in the 1870s created a leap in demand for petroleum. The Kirthan-Ninva Field created a boom in the southern city, which saw its population expand from approximately 3,000 residents in 1870 to 320,000 in 1882. Today, Kirthan is the third largest city in the United Communes and much of its growth and economic activity is still attributable to the petrochemical industry and services. | ||
[[File:Distillation of oil Baku.jpg|320px|thumb|left|19th century painting of the Kirthan-Ninva oil field]] | |||
Scattered oil reserves across the southwest region continued to fuel economic development and migration to the sparse, arid region and toward the Amara region which proved to have significant reserves. Among the earliest workers of the NPS were the significant local Kel Tenere population, though Kel Aman and Kel Hadar migrants significantly increased the region's population. The exploitation of the Amara Field began in earnest in the 1880s, and by the turn of the century the NPS's operations extended toward the border with [[Yisrael]] at the Timna Strip. | |||
In 1907, the NPS research and development laboratories made successive breakthroughs in plastics development. These breakthroughs led to significant market domination. In 1909, it was estimated that the NPS's activities accounted for approximately 20% of Talahara's economy. That same year, proceedings were commenced to break up the NPS's activities, resulting in the partitioning of the plastics division into the [[Synprosyn| Synthetic Products Syndicate]] in 1910. | |||
In 1907, the NPS research and development laboratories made successive breakthroughs in plastics development. These breakthroughs led to significant market domination. In 1909, it was estimated that NPS's activities accounted for approximately 20% of Talahara's economy. That same year, proceedings were commenced to break up the NPS's activities, resulting in the partitioning of the plastics division into the [[Synprosyn| Synthetic Products Syndicate]] in 1910. | |||
By 1910, geologists had determined that the the Timna Strip contained the deepest portion of a prehistoric uplifted basin and suspected that the region contained significant oil reserves. In 1919, Talahara annexed the Timna Strip from the Yisraeli government shortly after the [[West_Scipian_Wars#Second_West_Scipian_War_(1915-1918)|Second West Scipian War]]. The annexation was broadly considered an opportunistic move, though it was justified as a liberation of the local Kel Tenere and Kel Taram populations. The NPS's exploitation of the Timna Field began almost simultaneously with the integration of the region into Talahara's political structure and further propelled the syndicate's expansion, more than accounting for the economic loss following the partition of Synprosyn. | By 1910, geologists had determined that the the Timna Strip contained the deepest portion of a prehistoric uplifted basin and suspected that the region contained significant oil reserves. In 1919, Talahara annexed the Timna Strip from the Yisraeli government shortly after the [[West_Scipian_Wars#Second_West_Scipian_War_(1915-1918)|Second West Scipian War]]. The annexation was broadly considered an opportunistic move, though it was justified as a liberation of the local Kel Tenere and Kel Taram populations. The NPS's exploitation of the Timna Field began almost simultaneously with the integration of the region into Talahara's political structure and further propelled the syndicate's expansion, more than accounting for the economic loss following the partition of Synprosyn. | ||
Talahara's energy infrastructure became based around the petroleum industry in the early 20th century, with pipeline projects assisting in providing power to the Rubric Coast. Despite an appeal by NPS in 1934, petroleum power plants remained under the administration of the Association of Lamplighters Unions which had originally administered local fuel and electrical grids, later gaining authority over coal and hydroelectric generators. | Talahara's energy infrastructure became based around the petroleum industry in the early 20th century, with pipeline projects assisting in providing power to the Rubric Coast. Despite an appeal by the NPS in 1934, petroleum power plants remained under the administration of the Association of Lamplighters Unions which had originally administered local fuel and electrical grids, later gaining authority over coal and hydroelectric generators. | ||
In the 1950s, Talahara and Tyreseia's energy grids became significantly integrated and eastern Talaharan cities became customers of Tyreseian nuclear power. Despite this, broadening applications in various industries, demographic expansion, and exports maintained a steady demand for crude oil. | In the 1950s, Talahara and Tyreseia's energy grids became significantly integrated and eastern Talaharan cities became customers of Tyreseian nuclear power. Despite this, broadening applications in various industries, demographic expansion, and exports maintained a steady demand for crude oil. The 1998 Arthuristan revolution also saw a significant expansion of the NPS's exports with an emergent market in newly socialist [[Arthurista]]. | ||
==Operations and finances== | ==Operations and finances== | ||
The National Petroleum Syndicate has exclusive usufruct rights over the petroleum in Talahara. However, the vertical extent of its industry is limited to extraction, fuel refinement, and some transportation. The other major part of the Talaharan petrochemical industry is [[Synprosyn]], which has supply agreements with the NPS and refines other petrochemicals and synthetic products. Despite this division in the market, the NPS remains the single largest commercial entity in Talahara, both in terms of assets and income. | |||
[[File:إحدى محطات الكهرباء في السعودية.jpg|240px|thumb|right|NPS oil refinery in Batana]] | |||
There are three major oil fields which are presently exploited by the NPS. The first and oldest is the Kirthan-Ninva Field in south-central Talahara. The second and largest is the Amara Field in south-western Talahara. The third is the Timna Field in the far west of the Timna Strip, near the modern border with Yisrael. The distinction between the Timna and Amara fields is one of the few in traditional Talaharan toponymy, the region annexed from Yisrael in 1919 was broadly referred to as Amara, an extension of the arid region southwest of Kirthan for which the earlier Amara Field was named. In Yisrael, Timna was a distinct region of the kingdom. | |||
The NPS also operates two major refinery sites in Kirthan and Batana, as well as an oil port facility in New Rušadar, commercial offices in a number of cities, and a vocational school in Kirthan. In addition, the NPS operates and maintains a length of pipelines linking from Angaz to New Rušadar via Batana, Bu Akaš, Kirthan, and Haluwaxam. Each field, refinery, and other facility has a number of departments and liaising shops. | |||
In 2024, the NPS reported a net income of Ⲇ130.49 billion ($169.47 billion), an amount greater than the gross domestic product of neighbouring [[Talakh]] and 14 other countries. Due to the hazards of the petroleum industry, including both personnel risks and public-environmental risks, the NPS is required to maintain significant liquid financial reserves to effectively insure against accidents or disasters. | |||
==Governance and management== | ==Governance and management== | ||
The National Petroleum Syndicate is a [[List_of_commercial_entity_types_of_Talahara#Direct_distributist_syndicate|direct distributist syndicate]] with a nested departmental structure with participative management, typical of large Talaharan commercial entities. Each oil field and refinery along with the pipeline and commercial offices are categorized as operations, with each composed of multiple departments and every department subdividing further into shops. | |||
Departments and shops have direct elections for management, with some positions requiring technical certifications for candidates to be eligible. Each department management council sends delegates to the operational management council which has nine delegates. The nine delegates appoint a general secretary to lead management meetings. A tenth member of the council is directly elected by the NPS's workforce as an ombudsperson who has no required certifications. The ombudsperson serves a single-year term. Shop managers run for two-year terms and department managers for three-year terms. There are no term limits for delegates in the NPS's syndical constitution. Operations delegates are appointed at the pleasure of their departmental management councils. | |||
==Controversies== | ==Controversies== | ||
=== Environment and health === | |||
The National Petroleum Syndicate has consistently been criticized for its effect on the environment. From its early history, the extraction of the Kirthan-Ninva Field saw significant environmental contamination of the region, with crude oil penetrating groundwater. In the present day, residents of the Kirthan area have significantly higher rates of anemia, leukemia, myeloma, and other complications associated with benzene poisoning. Members of the NPS also suffer from higher rates of benzene poisoning. In 1934, the NPS introduced standards to limit exposure to benzene. Since 2007, NPS workers are limited to five hours of exposure to benzene, even with personal protective equipment. Each NPS operation also has a dedicated prevention and restoration department in the case of any major incident. | |||
Environmental criticism has also been levied in the broader context of emissions and global warming. The NPS is the largest source of emissions in Talahara, both in terms of emissions created in the process of extracting and refining petroleum fuels, and with the end user consumption of its products. While the NPS is not responsible for overseas transportation of its products, the emissions of oil tankers has attracted nearly as much attention as domestic timelines. In 1986, a pipeline leak in between Angaz and Batana spilled over 540,000 barrels (approximately 86 million litres) of crude oil and caused significant damage to the local environment and fauna. | |||
While the late 80s and early 90s saw many Talaharan firms pivot to a pro-environment stance, notably including Synprosyn, the NPS has remained publicly opposed to external regulations. The NPS has publicly supported increased safety standards for its members, but has dismissed caps on emissions or participation in a socially-driven shift away from petroleum products in the Talaharan economy. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Association of Oil Producing Nations|AOPN]] | |||
*[[COPEC]] | |||
*[[Enestri Uaju]] | *[[Enestri Uaju]] | ||
*[[Synprosyn]] | *[[Synprosyn]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:43, 30 July 2024
 | |
Native name | Tadukli Taɣelnawt n Upiṭrul |
|---|---|
| Direct distributist syndicate | |
| Industry | Petroleum extraction, petroleum refining |
| Founded | July 22, 1872 in Kirthan, Talahara |
| Founders |
|
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | Global |
Key people |
|
 Ⲇ130.49 billion (2024)($169.47 billion) | |
| Total assets | Ⲇ688.43 billion (2024) ($894.07 billion) |
| Members | 743,500 (2024) |
| Website | nps.ta.com |
The National Petroleum Syndicate (Takelat: ⵜⴰⴷⵓⴽⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⴻⵍnⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵒⵉⵟⵔⵓⵍ; Tadukli Taɣelnawt n Upiṭrul), commonly initiallized as TTU (Tatapiṭ) is the national Talaharan petroleum syndicate, primarily operating in crude petroleum extraction and refinement. The NPS is a direct distributist syndicate, with its commercial assets collectively owned by its workforce membership. Initially formed in 1872 to explore oil extraction, the NPS grew rapidly at the turn of the 20th century and is now the largest commercial entity in modern Talahara, accounting for approximately one-tenth of the country's economic product.
The NPS primarily supplies petroleum for energy and petrochemicals in Talahara and Tyreseia. The NPS currently extracts approximately 9.31 million barrels (1.48 billion litres) of crude oil daily. The NPS's market reach also extends to the broader Periclean basin and inland over West Scipia. As Talahara is notably not a member of the AOPN, the NPS frequently competes with Sydalene and Khemetian oil and gas companies in the Periclean basin.
History
Oil exploration in Talahara began in the 1860s as advents in gas lighting fueled by kerosene was developed abroad, creating an industrial substitute for whale oil and coal gas/tar. Kerosene and other early petro fuels were far more energy dense than coal gas and whale oil, and the extraction was easier to industrialize than the harvesting processes of the latter. The first oil wells in Talahara were commercially viable by 1869 and the National Petroleum Syndicate was officially founded in 1870 by a group of entrepreneurs and engineers who imported foreign refinement and extraction methods to Talahara.
The first Talaharan wells were exploited in the southwest, near the city of Kirthan on the edge of the Ninva Desert. The first oil wells in the region were discovered incidentally by drillers searching for groundwater aquifers sometime shortly after the Talaharan Civil War. These wells were initially treated somewhat as novelties as techniques for refining the crude oil into efficient products were yet unknown. The development of the first commercially viable internal combustion engines in the 1870s created a leap in demand for petroleum. The Kirthan-Ninva Field created a boom in the southern city, which saw its population expand from approximately 3,000 residents in 1870 to 320,000 in 1882. Today, Kirthan is the third largest city in the United Communes and much of its growth and economic activity is still attributable to the petrochemical industry and services.
Scattered oil reserves across the southwest region continued to fuel economic development and migration to the sparse, arid region and toward the Amara region which proved to have significant reserves. Among the earliest workers of the NPS were the significant local Kel Tenere population, though Kel Aman and Kel Hadar migrants significantly increased the region's population. The exploitation of the Amara Field began in earnest in the 1880s, and by the turn of the century the NPS's operations extended toward the border with Yisrael at the Timna Strip.
In 1907, the NPS research and development laboratories made successive breakthroughs in plastics development. These breakthroughs led to significant market domination. In 1909, it was estimated that the NPS's activities accounted for approximately 20% of Talahara's economy. That same year, proceedings were commenced to break up the NPS's activities, resulting in the partitioning of the plastics division into the Synthetic Products Syndicate in 1910.
By 1910, geologists had determined that the the Timna Strip contained the deepest portion of a prehistoric uplifted basin and suspected that the region contained significant oil reserves. In 1919, Talahara annexed the Timna Strip from the Yisraeli government shortly after the Second West Scipian War. The annexation was broadly considered an opportunistic move, though it was justified as a liberation of the local Kel Tenere and Kel Taram populations. The NPS's exploitation of the Timna Field began almost simultaneously with the integration of the region into Talahara's political structure and further propelled the syndicate's expansion, more than accounting for the economic loss following the partition of Synprosyn.
Talahara's energy infrastructure became based around the petroleum industry in the early 20th century, with pipeline projects assisting in providing power to the Rubric Coast. Despite an appeal by the NPS in 1934, petroleum power plants remained under the administration of the Association of Lamplighters Unions which had originally administered local fuel and electrical grids, later gaining authority over coal and hydroelectric generators.
In the 1950s, Talahara and Tyreseia's energy grids became significantly integrated and eastern Talaharan cities became customers of Tyreseian nuclear power. Despite this, broadening applications in various industries, demographic expansion, and exports maintained a steady demand for crude oil. The 1998 Arthuristan revolution also saw a significant expansion of the NPS's exports with an emergent market in newly socialist Arthurista.
Operations and finances
The National Petroleum Syndicate has exclusive usufruct rights over the petroleum in Talahara. However, the vertical extent of its industry is limited to extraction, fuel refinement, and some transportation. The other major part of the Talaharan petrochemical industry is Synprosyn, which has supply agreements with the NPS and refines other petrochemicals and synthetic products. Despite this division in the market, the NPS remains the single largest commercial entity in Talahara, both in terms of assets and income.
There are three major oil fields which are presently exploited by the NPS. The first and oldest is the Kirthan-Ninva Field in south-central Talahara. The second and largest is the Amara Field in south-western Talahara. The third is the Timna Field in the far west of the Timna Strip, near the modern border with Yisrael. The distinction between the Timna and Amara fields is one of the few in traditional Talaharan toponymy, the region annexed from Yisrael in 1919 was broadly referred to as Amara, an extension of the arid region southwest of Kirthan for which the earlier Amara Field was named. In Yisrael, Timna was a distinct region of the kingdom.
The NPS also operates two major refinery sites in Kirthan and Batana, as well as an oil port facility in New Rušadar, commercial offices in a number of cities, and a vocational school in Kirthan. In addition, the NPS operates and maintains a length of pipelines linking from Angaz to New Rušadar via Batana, Bu Akaš, Kirthan, and Haluwaxam. Each field, refinery, and other facility has a number of departments and liaising shops.
In 2024, the NPS reported a net income of Ⲇ130.49 billion ($169.47 billion), an amount greater than the gross domestic product of neighbouring Talakh and 14 other countries. Due to the hazards of the petroleum industry, including both personnel risks and public-environmental risks, the NPS is required to maintain significant liquid financial reserves to effectively insure against accidents or disasters.
Governance and management
The National Petroleum Syndicate is a direct distributist syndicate with a nested departmental structure with participative management, typical of large Talaharan commercial entities. Each oil field and refinery along with the pipeline and commercial offices are categorized as operations, with each composed of multiple departments and every department subdividing further into shops.
Departments and shops have direct elections for management, with some positions requiring technical certifications for candidates to be eligible. Each department management council sends delegates to the operational management council which has nine delegates. The nine delegates appoint a general secretary to lead management meetings. A tenth member of the council is directly elected by the NPS's workforce as an ombudsperson who has no required certifications. The ombudsperson serves a single-year term. Shop managers run for two-year terms and department managers for three-year terms. There are no term limits for delegates in the NPS's syndical constitution. Operations delegates are appointed at the pleasure of their departmental management councils.
Controversies
Environment and health
The National Petroleum Syndicate has consistently been criticized for its effect on the environment. From its early history, the extraction of the Kirthan-Ninva Field saw significant environmental contamination of the region, with crude oil penetrating groundwater. In the present day, residents of the Kirthan area have significantly higher rates of anemia, leukemia, myeloma, and other complications associated with benzene poisoning. Members of the NPS also suffer from higher rates of benzene poisoning. In 1934, the NPS introduced standards to limit exposure to benzene. Since 2007, NPS workers are limited to five hours of exposure to benzene, even with personal protective equipment. Each NPS operation also has a dedicated prevention and restoration department in the case of any major incident.
Environmental criticism has also been levied in the broader context of emissions and global warming. The NPS is the largest source of emissions in Talahara, both in terms of emissions created in the process of extracting and refining petroleum fuels, and with the end user consumption of its products. While the NPS is not responsible for overseas transportation of its products, the emissions of oil tankers has attracted nearly as much attention as domestic timelines. In 1986, a pipeline leak in between Angaz and Batana spilled over 540,000 barrels (approximately 86 million litres) of crude oil and caused significant damage to the local environment and fauna.
While the late 80s and early 90s saw many Talaharan firms pivot to a pro-environment stance, notably including Synprosyn, the NPS has remained publicly opposed to external regulations. The NPS has publicly supported increased safety standards for its members, but has dismissed caps on emissions or participation in a socially-driven shift away from petroleum products in the Talaharan economy.