Girbetese Constitution of 1976: Difference between revisions

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| title_orig          = Perlembagaan Persekutuan Revolusi Cukobai 1953
| title_orig          = Perlembagaan Persekutuan Revolusi Cukobai 1953
| jurisdiction        = {{flag|Cukobai}}
| jurisdiction        = {{flag|Cukobai}}
| date_created        = 1 May - 8 July 1953
| date_presented      = {{Start date and age|1953|07|08}}
| date_ratified        = {{Start date and age|1953|07|08}}
| date_ratified        = {{Start date and age|1953|07|08}}
| date_effective      = {{Start date and age|1953|12|22}}
| date_effective      = {{Start date and age|1953|12|22}}
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*Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress (JRPK)
*Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress (JRPK)
| signers              = All members of the JRPN, JRPK, and the 54 members of the Federal Majlis
| signers              = All members of the JRPN, JRPK, and the 54 members of the Federal Majlis
| supersedes          =
*[[Universal Declaration of Human Liberty|First Universal Declaration of Human Liberty]]
*Cukobaian Revolutionary Common Law
}}
}}
The '''1953 Cukobaian Constitution''' is the basis for all laws in the [[Cukobai|United Revolutionary Federation of Cukobai]]. Developed in the aftermath of the [[Black Days (Cukobai)|Black Days]] and [[Vanugalu War]] in 1953, the Constitution was developed in recognition of the failings of the original Universal Declaration of Human Liberty and Revolutionary Common Law, as cited by the Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress from their investigations into the causes of the conflicts.
The Committee stated the codes' shortcomings included failures to protect vulnerable and historically-disadvantaged populations, increasing isolation of communities, and a near-inability to adequately coordinate resources and funding on a national or even regional level. Upon their report to the Combined Revolutionary Assemblies in February of 1953, the National Directorate authorized the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee for National Reform, a panel of respected Cukobaian statesmen and political theorists from around the world which was placed in charge of developing a new constitution which "married the spirit and ideals of 1911 with the practical needs of a modern developing society". The resulting document codified and formalized a number of pre-existing legal practices in the Federation, as well as implementing a number of measures to develop its modern form of {{wpl|semi-direct democracy}}. This kept Cukobai's original mode of {{wpl|council democracy}} with an emphasis on local government, while also creating the current framework of national government that granted regional and federal-level authorities the necessary powers and procedures needed to effectively govern. Accompanying these political reforms were broad protections for minorities in the country, and guarantees for human rights not originally included in the UDHL of 1914.
==Background==
==Background==
==History==
==History==

Revision as of 03:06, 9 September 2019

Cukobaian Constitution of 1953
Signing-of-the-Cobbold-Report-of-the-Commission-of-Enquiry-North-Borneo-and-Sarawak.jpg
The Revolutionary Committee for National Reform during the signing of the Cukobaian Constitution, July 1953
Original titlePerlembagaan Persekutuan Revolusi Cukobai 1953
Jurisdiction Cukobai
Created1 May - 8 July 1953
PresentedJuly 8, 1953; 71 years ago (1953-07-08)
RatifiedJuly 8, 1953; 71 years ago (1953-07-08)
Date effectiveDecember 22, 1953; 70 years ago (1953-12-22)
SystemFederal semi-direct council democracy under a de facto one-party directorial republic with features of Communalist Anarchism
BranchesThree
ChambersBicameral (Combined National Revolutionary Assembly); divided into two houses: the Federal Majlis (Upper House), and National Majlis (Lower House)
ExecutiveNational Directorate led by a President
Judiciary
  • Federal Arbitration
  • National Arbitration
  • Judicial Commission
FederalismFederal
EntrenchmentsThree
AmendmentsSeven
Last amendedAugust 9, 2002 (2002-08-09) (7th)
LocationRevolution Hall, Bandar Cukobai Federal City, Cukobai
Author(s)
  • Revolutionary Committee for National Reform (JRPN)
  • Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress (JRPK)
SignatoriesAll members of the JRPN, JRPK, and the 54 members of the Federal Majlis
Supersedes

The 1953 Cukobaian Constitution is the basis for all laws in the United Revolutionary Federation of Cukobai. Developed in the aftermath of the Black Days and Vanugalu War in 1953, the Constitution was developed in recognition of the failings of the original Universal Declaration of Human Liberty and Revolutionary Common Law, as cited by the Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress from their investigations into the causes of the conflicts.

The Committee stated the codes' shortcomings included failures to protect vulnerable and historically-disadvantaged populations, increasing isolation of communities, and a near-inability to adequately coordinate resources and funding on a national or even regional level. Upon their report to the Combined Revolutionary Assemblies in February of 1953, the National Directorate authorized the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee for National Reform, a panel of respected Cukobaian statesmen and political theorists from around the world which was placed in charge of developing a new constitution which "married the spirit and ideals of 1911 with the practical needs of a modern developing society". The resulting document codified and formalized a number of pre-existing legal practices in the Federation, as well as implementing a number of measures to develop its modern form of semi-direct democracy. This kept Cukobai's original mode of council democracy with an emphasis on local government, while also creating the current framework of national government that granted regional and federal-level authorities the necessary powers and procedures needed to effectively govern. Accompanying these political reforms were broad protections for minorities in the country, and guarantees for human rights not originally included in the UDHL of 1914.

Background

History

Legal standing

Contents

Preamble

Article I: Organization of the Revolutionary Federation and Assertion of Sovereignty

Article II: Legislative Powers of the Combined Assemblies

Article III: Executive Powers of the National Directorate

Article IV: Revolutionary Law and Arbitration

Article V: Devolution, Sovereignty, and Organization of Sub-National Regions and Governments

Article VI: Rights and responsibilities of the Citizen and Resident

Article VII: Religion

Article VIII: Education and Culture

Article IX: Cross-cultural Solidarity

Article X: Labor and the Revolutionary Economy

Article XI: Symbols of the Revolutionary Federation

Article XII: Amendments to the Constitution

Amendments to the Constitution

Current Amendments

Pending Amendments