Emerstarian language

Emerstarian
Emerish
Emersk
Emerstarian manuscript from AD 1272
Pronunciation	/ˈɛmɛrsk/ or /ˈɛmɛrʃ/
Native to	Emerstari, Green Union, Phoenixia
Region	Scania
Ethnicity	Emerstarians
Native speakers	89,000,000 (2035)
Language family	Estelian
Early forms	Proto-Scanian Proto-Rhenish Old Northern Scanian Old Emerstarian
Standard forms	Kuingsspråkinghus
Writing system	Roman script
Official status
Official language in	Emerstari
Language codes
ISO 639-1	emr
ISO 639-3	–

Emerstarian (Emersk /ˈɛmɛɹʃ/) is a North Scanian language spoken by approximately 89 million people, predominantly in Emerstari, but also in its former territories like Fyrland and Soumeland as well as by ethnic enclaves of Emerstarians in Phoenixia. It is largely mutually intelligible with its neighboring languages, such as Coelanish, Ermanish, and Saurish. It is also related, however more distantly, with most of the other languages across Scania.

Emerstarian is not a gendered language and has comparatively fewer inflections than its predecessors. It is generally a SVO language, and it has three grammatical cases: subjective case, objective case, and possessive case. There are two grammatical numbers: singular and plural.

Official status

Regulatory bodies

The Kuingsspråkinghus (King's Language House) is the official regulatory body for Emerstarian, recognized by Emerstari with authority throughout the Emerstarian Empire. Additionally, it claims authority outside of the Empire as well. The body, founded by Olaf III Aleksender in 1779, began to publish an annually-released dictionary in 1826, known as the Kuings Ordbok. It also releases many books on grammar, spelling, and style in the Emerstarian language. Twenty-two dialectal groups are recognized by the Kuingsspråkinghus.

Phonology

Consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Glottal
Nasal		m						n							ŋ				ʔ
Stop	p	b			t	d									k	ɡ
Sibilant affricate										d̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricate			p̪f
Sibilant fricative							s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ
Non-sibilant fricative			f	v	ð	θ									x		χ		h
Approximant								ɹ				ɻ		j
Tap/flap								ɾ				ɽ
Trill								r
Lateral approximant										l

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	i			ʉ		u
Near-close	ɪ	ʏ
Close-mid	e	ø				o
Mid	ɛ		ə			ɔ
Open-mid	æ		ɜ		ʌ	ɔ
Near-open			ɐ
Open				ä	ɒ

Grammar

Nouns

Emerstarian nouns and adjectives are declined in number. For example, the word fisk ("fish") can have the following forms:

	Singular	Plural
Indefinite form	fisk	fisk
Definite form	fiskett	fisketter

The definite singular form a noun is created by adding the suffix ett or tt depending on if the noun ends in a vowel or not. The definite articles der (neuter), dejr (masculine), den (feminine), det (singular), and de (plural) are used for variations to the definitiveness of the noun. They can double as demonstrative pronouns or demonstrative determiners when used with adverbs such as har ("here") and dær ("there") to form der/det har ("this"), de dær ("those"), and de har ("these"). For example:

• det har fisk means "that fish" and refers to a specific fish;
• fisketter is less definite and means "the fishes";
• fiskett means "the fish".

Plurals

There are two different types of regular plurals: Class 1 forms the plural with the suffix -(e/a/o)r (indefinite) class 2 forms the plural with the suffix -(e/a/o)tter (definite).

Most irregular nouns take an ablaut plural (with a change in the stem vowel) such as øje, the plural of ege ("eye").

Adjectives

Adjectives are infelced in two declensions, — indefinite and definite, — and they must match the noun they modify in number. The indefinite forms are usually formed by adding a suffix (-t or -a) to the common form of the adjective. For example, en gul hund ("a yellow dog") and gula hunder ("yellow dogs"). The definite form of an adjective is identical to the indefinite form: der gul hund ("the yellow dog") and de gula hunder ("the yellow dogs").

Verbs

Emerstarian verbal forms

infinitive	Present	Past
å være to be	ar is/are/am	var/vijr was/were
å se to see	ser sees	sy saw
å veda to know	vedar knows	vedt knew
å återkalla to remember	återkallar remembers	återkalladt remembered
å glomma to forget	glommar forgets	glommadt forgot

Emerstarian verbs are morphologically simple, marking very few grammatical categories. They do not mark person or number of subjects. Verbs have a past, non-past and infinitive form, past and present participle forms, and a passive, and an imperative.

Pronouns

Emerstarian pronouns are similar to those of English. Besides the two natural genders, han and hen ("he" and "she"), there is also a grammatical gender, usually termed as neuter: der and det.

Emerstarian also uses third-person possessive reflexive pronouns that refer to the subject in a clause:

• Katarin giver Anne sign bok. ("Katarin gives Anne her [Katarin's] book.")
• Katarin giver Anne hens bok. ("Katarin gives Anne her [Anne's] book.")

Emerstarian personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
					Singular	Plural
Singular	first	—	jeg, jek*	mig, mik*	min	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dik*	din	dina
	third	Masculine (person)	han	ham, hanum*	hans
		Feminine (person)	hen	henne	hennes
		Neuter (noun)	det	det	dets
		Indefinite	mann	mann	manns
		Reflexive	—	sig, sik*	sin	sina
Plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår	våra
	second	—	i	eder	eders	edra
	third	—	de	dem	dera
		Reflexive	—	sig, sik*	sin	sina

*Formal use, sometimes considered archaic

Possession

Possessive phrases are formed with the enclitic -s, for example, min faders hus ("my father's house") where the noun carries the possessive enclitic. However, in longer phrases, the last word of the phrase will receive the -s: der Kuing av Emeriges bok ("the King of Emerstari's book").

Syntax

Emerstarian syntax is predominantly SVO with the subject of the sentence coming first, the verb coming second, and the object after that. However, it possesses qualities of VSO and VOS; the former is primarily used in questions, and the latter is primarily used for literary purposes.

• Jeg åter fisk ideg.
  • I eat fish today.
• Viljar du å drikke kaffe nu?
  • Want you to drink coffee now?
• Elsker ham, hen dor.
  • Love him she does.

Numerals

Numbers from 0 to 20 in Emerstarian

0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
null	ett	tva	tred	fyrra	fom	seks	sjuv	atten	njon	tjo	elva	tolv	tratjon	fyrtjon	fomtjon	sekstjon	sjutjon	attentjon	njontjon	tvantjo

Numbers from 16 to 30 in Emerstarian

21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
ettågtvantjo	tvaågtvantjo	tredågtvantjo	fyrdågtvantjo	fomågtvantjo	seksågtvantjo	sjuvågtvantjo	attenågtvantjo	njonågtvantjo	tredtjo