Renian language: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Alphabet: {{Main|Gadori orthography}})
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{{Main|Gadori orthography}}
{{Main|Gadori orthography}}
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.5em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.5em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''A a'''<br>/a ~ ä/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Å å'''<br>/ɒ ~ ʌ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Å å
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ä ä'''<br>/ɛ ~ æ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ä ä
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''B b'''<br>/b/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''C c'''<br>/ʦ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ƈ ƈ'''<br>/ʧ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ƈ ƈ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''D d'''<br>/d/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''E e'''<br>/e/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''F f'''<br>/f/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''G g'''<br>/g/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
|-
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''H h'''<br>/ɦ ~ h/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ħ ħ'''<br>/θ ~ ð/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ħ ħ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ȝ ȝ'''<br>/x/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ȝ ȝ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''I i'''<br>/i/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''J j'''<br>/ʝ ~ j/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''K k'''<br>/k/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''L l ɭ'''<br>/l ~ ɭ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l ɭ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''M m'''<br>/m/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''M̂ m̂'''<br>/m̩/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M̂ m̂
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N n'''<br>/n/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
|-
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N̂ n̂'''<br>/n̩/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N̂ n̂
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ŋ ŋ<!--Ꞑ ꞑ-->'''<br>/ŋ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ŋ ŋ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''O o'''<br>/ɔ ~ o/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ö ö'''<br>/œ ~ ɞ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ö ö
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''P p'''<br>/p/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/q/}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Q q}}
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''R r ꭈ'''<br>/ʀ<!-- ~ ʁ--> ~ r/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r ꭈ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''S s ſ'''<br>/z/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s ſ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''ẞ ß'''<br>/s/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ẞ ß
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ʃ ʃ ȷ'''<br>/ʃ ~ ʒ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ʃ ʃ ȷ
|-
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''T t'''<br>/t/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''U u'''<br>/u/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ü ü'''<br>/y ~ ɨ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ü ü
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''V v'''<br>/v/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ƿ ƿ'''<br>/w/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ƿ ƿ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''X x'''<br>/ks/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | X x
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Y y'''<br>/ɪ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Z z'''<br>/ʣ/
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|}
|}
<!--{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.5em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''A a'''<br>/a ~ ä/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Å å'''<br>/ɒ ~ ʌ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ꞛ ꞛ'''<br>/ɛ ~ æ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''B b'''<br>/b/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''C c'''<br>/ʦ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ƈ ƈ'''<br>/ʧ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''D d'''<br>/d/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''E e'''<br>/e/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''F f'''<br>/f/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''G g'''<br>/g/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''H h'''<br>/ɦ ~ h/
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ħ ħ'''<br>/θ ~ ð/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ȝ ȝ'''<br>/x/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''I i'''<br>/i/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''J j'''<br>/ʝ ~ j/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''K k'''<br>/k/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''L l ɭ'''<br>/l ~ ɭ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''M m'''<br>/m/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''M̂ m̂'''<br>/m̩/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N n'''<br>/n/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N̂ n̂'''<br>/n̩/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ŋ ŋ'''<br>/ŋ/
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''O o'''<br>/ɔ ~ o/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ꞝ ꞝ'''<br>/œ ~ ɞ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''P p'''<br>/p/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/q/}}
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''R r ꭈ'''<br>/ʀ ~ r/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''S s ſ'''<br>/z/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''ẞ ß'''<br>/s/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ʃ ʃ ȷ'''<br>/ʃ ~ ʒ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''T t'''<br>/t/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''U u'''<br>/u/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ꞟ ꞟ'''<br>/y ~ ɨ/
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''V v'''<br>/v/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ƿ ƿ'''<br>/w/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''X x'''<br>/ks/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Y y'''<br>/ɪ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Z z'''<br>/ʣ/
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|}-->
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-datatable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="3"|Official version
!colspan="2"|Diacritic version
!colspan="2"|Digraph version
! [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet chart|IPA Symbol]]
! Example of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common] word with the sound
|-
|1
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|A
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|a
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|A
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|a
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|A
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|a
|{{Audio|PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/a/|help=no}}
|[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|'''A'''fter]]
|-
|2
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Å
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|å
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Å
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|å
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ao
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ao
|{{Audio|PR-open_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/ɒ/|help=no}}
|[[wikipedia:Open back rounded vowel|N'''o'''t]]
|-
|3
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ꞛ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ꞛ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ä
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ä
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ae
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ae
|{{Audio|Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|/ɛ/|help=no}}
|[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|B'''e'''d]]
|-
|4
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|B
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|b
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|B
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|b
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|B
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|b
|
|
|-
|5
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|C
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|c
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|C
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|c
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|C
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|c
|
|
|-
|6
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ƈ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ƈ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Č
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|č
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Tsch
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|Tsch
|
|
|-
|7
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|D
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|d
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|D
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|d
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|D
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|d
|
|
|-
|8
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|E
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|e
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|E
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|e
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|E
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|e
|
|
|-
|9
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|F
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|f
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|F
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|f
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|F
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|f
|
|
|-
|10
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|G
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|g
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|G
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|g
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|G
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|g
|
|
|-
|11
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|H
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|h
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|H
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|h
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|H
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|h
|
|
|-
|12
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ħ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ħ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ĥ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ĥ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Th
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|th
|
|
|-
|13
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ȝ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ȝ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ȟ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ȟ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ch
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ch
|
|
|-
|14
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|I
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|i
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|I
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|i
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|I
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|i
|
|
|-
|15
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|J
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|j
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|J
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|j
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|J
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|j
|
|
|-
|16
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|K
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|k
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|K
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|k
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|K
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|k
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|17
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|L
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|l
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|L
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|l
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|L
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|l
|
|
|-
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ɭ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ĺ
|
|
|-
|18
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|M
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|m
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|M
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|m
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|M
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|m
|
|
|-
|19
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|M̂
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|m̂
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|M̂
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|m̂
|
|
|-
|20
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|N
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|n
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|N
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|n
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|N
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|n
|
|
|-
|21
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|N̂
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|n̂
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|N̂
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|n̂
|
|
|-
|22
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ŋ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ŋ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ň
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ň
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ng
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ng
|
|
|-
|23
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|O
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|o
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|O
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|o
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|O
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|o
|
|
|-
|24
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ꞝ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ꞝ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ö
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ö
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Oe
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|oe
|
|
|-
|25
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|P
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|p
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|P
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|p
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|P
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|p
|
|
|-
|style="background:#FFEEEE"|26
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|Q
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|q
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|Q
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|q
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|Q
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|q
|style="background:#FFEEEE"|
|style="background:#FFEEEE"|
|-
|rowspan="2"|27
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|R
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|r
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|R
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|r
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|R
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|r
|
|
|-
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ꭈ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ŕ
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|28
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|S
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|s
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|S
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|s
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|S
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|s
|
|
|-
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ſ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ś
|
|
|-
|29
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|ẞ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ß
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|ẞ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ß
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|ẞ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ß
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|30
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Ʃ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ʃ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Š
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|š
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Sch
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|sch
|
|
|-
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ȷ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ž
|
|
|-
|31
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|T
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|t
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|T
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|t
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|T
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|t
|
|
|-
|32
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|U
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|u
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|U
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|u
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|U
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|u
|
|
|-
|33
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ꞟ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ꞟ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ü
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ü
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Ue
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|ue
|
|
|-
|34
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|V
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|v
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|V
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|v
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|V
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|v
|
|
|-
|style="background:#FFEEEE"|35
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|Ƿ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|ƿ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|Ƿ
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|ƿ
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|W
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center; background:#FFEEEE"|w
|style="background:#FFEEEE"|
|style="background:#FFEEEE"|
|-
|36
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|X
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|x
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|X
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|x
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|X
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|x
|
|
|-
|37
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Y
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|y
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Y
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|y
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Y
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|y
|
|
|-
|38
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Z
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|z
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Z
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|z
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|Z
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|z
|
|
|}
===Former orthographies===
{{Symb|Ꞛ ꞛ|serifs}}{{Symb|Ɑ ɑ|serifs}}{{Symb|Ꞝ ꞝ|serifs}}{{Symb|Ꞟ ꞟ|serifs}}
In the older orthographies, notably back in the [[wikipedia:Baroque|Baroque]] and [[wikipedia:Rococo|Rococo]], special symbols were used for Å, Ä, Ö and Ü. Those symbols later fell into disuse after the more wide spread of the [[wikipedia:Typewriter|typewriter]], which did not include such symbols. Similar thing happened around the same time in neighboring languages, specifically the [[Louzen language]].
The changes were:
*<big><big>Ꞛ ꞛ</big></big> → <big><big>Ä ä</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Volapük#Orthography and pronunciation|Gadori Ae]] → [[wikipedia:Ä|A-umlaut]])
*<big><big>Ɑ ɑ</big></big> → <big><big>Å å</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Latin alpha|Latin alpha]] → [[wikipedia:Å|A-ring]])
*<big><big>Ꞝ ꞝ</big></big> → <big><big>Ö ö</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Volapük#Orthography and pronunciation|Gadori Oe]] → [[wikipedia:Ö|O-umlaut]])
*<big><big>Ꞟ ꞟ</big></big> → <big><big>Ü ü</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Volapük#Orthography and pronunciation|Gadori Ue]] → [[wikipedia:Ü|U-umlaut]])
Even today, there are some enthusiasts using the old letters for umlauts (Ꞛ, Ꞝ and Ꞟ) in a revivalist hope to bring them back (although the letter Ɑ is ignored even by them).
===Digraph orthography===
Back in the middle ages, the Gadori language used a digraph (polygraph) orthography. Some notable examples include:
*Ae (or lignature Æ) for present-day Ä
*Ao (or lignature Ꜵ) for present-day Å
*Oe (or lignature Œ) for present-day Ö
*Ue (or lignature [[File:UEcapital.svg|link=|13px]]) for present-day Ü
*Tsch for present-day Ƈ
*Th for present-day Ħ
*Ch for present-day Ȝ
*lj for present-day miniscule form ɭ
*Ng for present-day Ŋ
*rr for present-day miniscule form ꭈ
*Sz (at the time written as ſʒ), which evolved into ẞ
*Sch for present-day Ʃ
Many of those symbols fell into disuse, with shifts, that are no longer used, including:
*<big><big>Æ æ</big></big> → <big><big>Ꞛ ꞛ</big></big>
*<big><big>Ꜵ ꜵ</big></big> → <big><big>Ɑ ɑ</big></big>
*<big><big>Œ œ</big></big> → <big><big>Ꞝ ꞝ</big></big>
*<big><big>[[File:UEcapital.svg|link=|18px]] ᵫ</big></big> → <big><big>Ꞟ ꞟ</big></big>


==Phonology==
==Phonology==

Revision as of 12:52, 12 June 2021

Gadori
Gadoreini, Gadorieni
Gadoꭈiʃe Ʃpraȝe
GadorienFlag.png
Ethnic flag of Gadoris
Pronunciation/gadoːriʃe ʃpʀaːxe/ Speaker Icon.svg
Native to
RegionSouthern Thuadia
EthnicityGadori
Native speakers
L1: ~48,000,000
L2: ~5,300,000
FL: <80,000
Thuado-Thrismaran
  • Germanic
    • South-Thuadian Germanic
      • Gadoric
        • Gadori
Early form
Proto-Gadori
Official status
Official language in
Language codes
ISO 639-1GD
ISO 639-2GAD
ISO 639-3GAD
File:GadoriLangMap.png
Distribution of the language
  Absolute majority
  >30% of native speakers
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Gadori language is the official language of the Empire of Gadorien, and one of the official languages of the Sekidean Union.

Alphabet

Main article: Gadori orthography
A a Å å Ä ä B b C c Ƈ ƈ D d E e F f G g
H h Ħ ħ Ȝ ȝ I i J j K k L l ɭ M m M̂ m̂ N n
N̂ n̂ Ŋ ŋ O o Ö ö P p Q q R r ꭈ S s ſ ẞ ß Ʃ ʃ ȷ
T t U u Ü ü V v Ƿ ƿ X x Y y Z z

Phonology

Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Bilabial Labiodental Linguolabial Dental Alveolar Postal-veolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m̥ m n̥ n ŋ
Plosive t d ʈ ɖ k g
Sibilant affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ
Non-sibilant fricative f v θ ð ʝ x ɣ ʁ h ɦ
Approximant ɹ j ɰ
Tap/Flap ɾ
Trill r̥ r ʀ̥ ʀ
Latelar affricate
Latelar fricative
Latelar approximant l̥ l ɭ
Latelar tap/flap
Tongue position Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i y ɨ u
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Close-mid e ø o
Mid
Open-mid ɛ œ ɞ ʌ ɔ
Near-open æ
Open a ä ɑ ɒ

Grammar

Just like many other germanic languages, Gadori has four grammatical cases:

And three genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:

  • Masculine
  • Feminine
  • Neutrum
Gender Singular Plural Common
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
Standing alone
Masculine Ħer Ħeß Ħem Ħen Ħi Ħer Ħen Ħi The
Neutrum Ħaß Ħaß
Feminine Ħi Ħer Ħer Ħi
Masculine Ain Aineß Ainem Ainen — — — — A/An
Neutrum Ain
Feminine Aine Ainer Ainer Aine
Masculine Kain Kaineß Kainem Kainen Kaine Kainer Kainen Kain PRO.
Neutrum Kain
Feminine Kaine Kainer Kainer Kaine
In combination with adjectives
Masculine Ħer + -e Ħeß + -en Ħem + -en Ħen + -en Ħi + -en Ħer + -en Ħen + -en Ħi + -en The + ADJ.
Neutrum Ħaß + -e Ħaß + -e
Feminine Ħi + -e Ħer + -en Ħer + -en Ħi + -e
Masculine Ain + -er Aineß + -en Ainem + -en Ainen + -en Kaine + -en Kainer + -en Kainen + -en Kain + -en A/An + ADJ.
PRO. + ADJ.
Neutrum Ain + -eß Ain + -eß
Feminine Aine + -e Ainer + -en Ainer + -en Aine + -e
Masculine -er -en -em -en -e -er -en -e ADJ. only
Neutrum -eß -eß
Feminine -e -er -er -e
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