Anáhuac

Gran Rugido República Federal del Gran Rugido
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Semper Ascendens Always Ascending
Anthem: "El Rugido de la Nación"
Capital	Laurua
Largest city	Santa Elisa
Official languages	None at federal level
Recognized languages	Spanish and 12 Amerindian languages.
Recognised national languages	Spanish
Ethnic groups	Sapinish, Lauruan, Mayaʼtʼàan, Dizhsa, En Ngixo & Tarascan
Religion	88.9% Christianity —77.7% Roman Catholic —11.2% Protestantism 8.1% Irreligious 0.2% Other religions 2.5% Unaffiliated (believer)
Demonym(s)	Rugidoan, Gran Rugidoan
Government	Federal presidential constitutional republic
• President	Matías Larrazábal Torres
• Prime Minister	Fernanda Hernández Alanis
• President of the Senate	Odilo Beltrones Leyva
Legislature	Congress
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Independence from: the Canter Republic
• Declaration of Independence	April 2, 1808
• Consumated	January 6, 1810
• First constitution	December 12, 1811
• Second Constitution	May 5, 1860
• Rugidoan Revolution	August 12, 1911
• Santa Elisa Accords	September 24, 1970
Area
• Total	1,230,307 km2 (475,024 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 census	31 127 674
• Density	26.15/km2 (67.7/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	1.275 trillion
• Per capita	20,266
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$443 billion
• Per capita	9,246
Gini (2016)	45.1 medium
HDI (2019)	0.770 high
Currency	Rugidoan Peso ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217 ISO 4217])
Time zone	UTC+5 UTC +6
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+52
Internet TLD	.gr

Gran Rugido, officially the Federal Republic of Gran Rugido is a country in the center portion of Olivacia, Anteria. It is bordered to the north by Savane; to the northwest by J a d e; to the south by Marlenka, to the east by Lake Girón and to the west with the Sunadic Bay. Gran Rugido covers 1,230,307 square kilometers. Gran Rugido is organized as a federation comprising 11 states and Laurua, its capital. Other major urban areas include Santa Elisa, Aztlán, Santiago de Lujambio, Mendoza, San Agustín, Ixchel, and Los Canas.

Gran Rugido has been inhabited by various indigenous peoples since at least 12,000 BCE, including the Sapinish, the Dizhsans and the Tarascanians. The Canterian Empire landed first in Laurua in 1519 and by 1521, it was conquered and thus establishing the New Kingdom of Sapin, with "Santa Arca" as its capital. Independence from the Canter Republic was achieved in 1810, with what is now Gran Rugido emerging as the First Republic of Gran Rugido. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Federation of Gran Rugido (1869), before the Federal Republic of Gran Rugido was finally declared in 1880. The Rugidoan Revolution led to a new and the actual constitution. Beginning in the 1920s, the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence, which escalated in 1968 into a full-scale civil war that lasted until 1970. Since 1982, there has been significant improvement in security, stability, and rule of law, as well as unprecedented economic growth and development.

History

Indigenous civilizations

The earliest human artifacts in Gran Rugido are chips of stone tools found near campfire remains in the Valley of Calm and radiocarbon-dated to circa 9,000 years ago. While is probably not the first place to have domesticated this cultives, is the site of the domestication of maize, tomato, and beans produced an agricultural surplus. This enabled the transition from Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherers to sedentary agricultural villages beginning around 5000 BC. In the subsequent formative eras, maize cultivation, and cultural traits such as a mythological and religious complex, and a vigesimal (base 20) numeric system, were diffused from the primitive Rugidoan cultures to the rest of the area.

The earliest complex civilization in Gran Rugido was the Dizhan culture, which flourished on the southermost part around 400 BC. Dizhan cultural traits diffused through Gran Rugido into other formative-era cultures on modern day Lujambio, Jilachi and the Valley of Calm. Other civilizations that followed during the formative period of the nation were the Tarascanian and the Didxažon. In the subsequent pre-classical period, the Tarascanians and Dizhans civilizations developed complex centers at Kabah and La Venta, respectively. During this period, the first writing systems were developed in the Epi-Dizhsans and the Lauruan cultures. The writing tradition reached its height in the Classic Hieroglyphic script. The earliest written histories date from this era.

The ruins of the Templo Mayor. Center of modern day Laurua.

After splintering from the Dizhans and the Tarascanians in 700 AD, competition ensued between several important political centers in Gran Rugido such as the En Ngixos and the Nguichee civilizations. Toward the end of the post-Classic period, the Sapinish eventually estalished themselves as the sole civilization in central Gran Rugido, giving rise to a political and economic empire based in the city of Tlaxomolko, extending from said city to the corners of Lake Girón. Civilizations such as the Didxazon and the Dizhans would eventually collapse for political unstability or famine respectively.

In certain ocassions, the Sapinish and the Tarascanian civilizations would fight for a variable of reasons. These wars would last until the colonial era and the arrival of the Canterians. A splinter of the Sapin Empire, the Southern Sapins would become a pariah state in the 1400s.

Discovery of Olivacia (1483)

The true extent of the Sapinish and the Tarascanians in the years post discovery of Olivacia, is still unknown. To this date, there are no true extent regarding the interaction of the Sapinish or Tarascanians with the discoverers, although it is generally accepted that there was never a direct contact. Another clue supporting this is that the Sapinish at the time were dealing with several rebellions between several other groups they subjugated and the outbreak of the “Wraith of Ayauhtéotl” upon their land, likely indicating that an potential outbreak of smallpox or Red Death gradually reach the empire.

Colonial Era

TBA

Independence (1808-1810)

On April 2, 1808, a "loyalist revolt" against the ruling junta was declared by priest Mohamed Navarro, in the small town of La Rioja, Lujambio. This event, known as the Cry of La Rioja (Spanish: Grito de La Rioja) is commemorated each year, on April 2, as Gran Rugido’s independence day. The first insurgent group was formed by Navarro, the colonial viceregal army captain Andras Ibarra, the militia captain Jose Torres and La Jueza (English: The Judge) Ana Victoria de la Reguera. Navarro and some of his soldiers were captured and executed by hanging in Laurua, on 31 July 1809.

The triumphal Independentist army entering Laurua. 1810

Following Narravo's death, the leadership was assumed by Raúl Lopez and then by the priest Alejandra Cassino, who occupied key southern cities with the support of Santos Ibarra and Aaron Nuñez. In one notable incident, Nuñez captured 200 loyalist soldiers, whom Cassino ordered should be executed in revenge of the murder of Nuñez's father. In an act of mercy, Nuñez instead pardoned the prisoners, most of whom then joined the insurgent cause.

In January 1810, the Congress of Tepeyac was convened and, On January 6, signed the "Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Gran Rugido”. This Act also abolished slavery and the caste system. In the subsequent months, the colonialist troops were finally expelled from the nation, althrough attempts to reconquer the nation still persisted.

Early Republic and First Empire (1810-1854)

The successful rebels established the First Gran Rugido Republic. In November 1810, a constitution of a federated republic was promulgated, and former insurgent general Aramberri Lavín became the first president of the newly born republic. In 1820, former insurgent general and fierce Liberal Aaron Nuñez, a signatory of the Plan de Famagusta that achieved independence, became president in a disputed election. During his short term in office, April to December 1820, he restored the Army and the Navy. As a visibly mixed-race man of modest origins, Nuñez was seen by white political elites as an interloper. His Conservative vice president, former Royalist General Patricio Misael Tovar, led a coup against him and Nuñez was judicially murdered. There was constant strife between Liberals, supporters of a federal form of decentralized government and often called Federalists and their political rivals, the Conservatives, who proposed a hierarchical form of government, were termed Centralists.

Staunch royalist and pro-moncarchist Efraín Santo Domingo rose to the power after Nuñez put him as prime minister. After deposing Nuñez from power, he reformed the Early Republic into the Empire of Gran Rugido. During it's brief time, the now Emperor of Gran Rugido attempted to do good and gained the favor of the ellite of the time but staunch opposition by the masses prevented him to do many things. Santo Domingo was eventually killed by his "heir" in a secret coup to restore the republic into the nation.

Gran Rugido’s ability to maintain its independence and establish a viable government was in question, despite the colonizer's disinterest of a reconquer its former colony but eventually recognized its independence and both nations established commercial relationship in the early 1830s. Emerging as a national hero in restoring the democracy in Gran Rugido was creole army general, Ibrahim Salazar, who had participated in the overthrow of Emperor Santo Domingo and came to dominate the politics for the next 25 years, until his own overthrow in 1855.

Gran Rugido also contended with indigenous groups which controlled territory that Gran Rugido claimed in the north. The remaining Sapinos controlled a huge territory in the sparsely populated region of central and northern Mendoza. Meanwhile, Salazar sought to centralize government rule, suspending the constitution, and promulgating the Nine Laws, which place power in his hands. When he suspended the 1811 Constitution, civil war spread across the country. Three new governments declared independence: the Republic of Aztlán, the Federation of South Gran Rugido and the Kingdom of Cordoba. Despite several bad decisions regarding the Sapinish and the new nations, conservative Salazar returned to the presidency yet again and then was ousted and exiled in the Liberal Revolution of Saltillo.

Reform War, Second Empire and Restored Republic (1855-1875)

Main Articles: La Reforma

The overthrow of Salazar and the establishment of a civilian government by Liberals allowed them to enact laws that they considered vital for Gran Rugido's economic development. The Liberal Reform attempted to modernize Gran Rugido's economy and institutions along liberal principles. They promulgated a new Constitution in 1860, separating Church and State, stripping the Conservative institutions of the Church and the military of their special privileges (fueros), mandating the sale of Church-owned property and sale of indigenous community lands, and secularizing education. Conservatives revolted, touching off civil war between rival Liberal and Conservative governments.

The Liberals defeated the Conservative army on the battlefield in 1864 but a conservative monarchist party with influences of Emperor Efráin, Acción Rugidoense took over, taking the Liberals by suprise. After a quick defeat of the Liberalists, the group proclaimed it's leader, Rodolfo Cordero Puentes as Emperor of the new empire. Facing once again staunch opposition, the aid to the Liberals increased, with even some Conservatives joining on the fight. After two years of fighting, Republican forces captured the Emperor and he was executed in Laurua, along with two Conservative generals. The "Restored Republic" saw the arrival of Raymundo Vigil, who was "the personification of the embattled republic," as president.

Liberalism became synonymous with patriotism. The Gran Rugidoan Army that had its roots in the colonial royal army and then the army of the early republic was destroyed. New military leaders had emerged from the War of the Reform. Vigil won re-election in 1870, but was challenged by Angel Badillo Lenoci, who criticized him for running for re-election. Lenoci then rebelled, only for being crushed by Vigil. Having won re-election, Vigil died in office of natural causes in July 1872, and Liberal Santiago Garza García became president, declaring a "religion of state" for rule of law, peace, and order. When Garza García ran for re-election, Lenoci rebelled against the civilian president, issuing the Plan of Cervantes. Lenoci had more support and waged guerrilla warfare against García. On the verge of Lenoci's victory on the battlefield, García fled from office, going into exile. Another army general assumed the presidency of Gran Rugido.

Lenociato (1875-1911)

Main Article: Lenociato

After the turmoil in Gran Rugido from 1810 to 1876, the 35-year rule of Liberal Angel Badillo Lenoci (r.1876–1911) allowed the nation to rapidly modernize in a period characterized as one of "order and progress". The “Lenociato” was characterized by economic stability and growth, significant foreign investment and influence, an expansion of the railroad network and telecommunications, and investments in the arts and science. The period was also marked by economic inequality and political repression. Lenoci knew the potential for army rebellions, and systematically downsized the expenditure for the force, rather expanding the rural police force under direct control of the president. Lenoci did not provoke the Catholic Church, coming to a modus vivendi with it; but he did not remove the anticlerical articles from the 1857 Constitution. From the late nineteenth century, Protestants began to make inroads in Gran Rugido.

While the government encouraged foreign investment, national enterprises had their roots with the “Ley de Economía Basica por el Bien del Pueblo” ratified and passed in 1883. Investors developed extractive mining of copper, lead, and other minerals, as well as petroleum on the Coast of Carrizal. Changes in the law allowed for private enterprises to own the subsoil rights of land, rather than continuing the colonial law that gave all subsoil rights to the State. An industrial manufacturing sector also developed, particularly in textiles. At the same time, new enterprises gave rise to an industrial work force, which began organizing to gain labor rights and protections.

During this period, Lenoci had surrounded himself with a group of advisors that became known as the “Hombres de Ciencia” ("man of science"). The most influential of them was Secretary of Finance Jaime Jose Canavati. The Lenocian regime was influenced by positivism, as they rejected theology and idealism in favor of scientific methods being applied towards national development. As an integral aspect of the liberal project was secular education.

Lenoci's long success did not include planning for a political transition beyond his own presidency. He made no attempt, however, to establish a family dynasty, naming no relative as his successor. As the centennial of independence approached, Lenoci gave an interview where he said he was not going to run in the 1910 elections, when he would be 80. Political opposition had been suppressed and there were few avenues for a new generation of leaders. But his announcement set off a frenzy of political activity, including the unlikely candidacy of the scion of a rich landowning family, Germán Castillo. Castillo won a surprising amount of political support when Lenoci changed his mind and ran in the election, jailing Castillo. The April centennial celebration of independence was the last celebration of the Lenociato. The Gran Rugidoan Spring starting in 1911 saw a lustrum of civil war, the "wind that swept Gran Rugido."

Rugidoan Revolution (1911-1916)

Further information: Rugidoan Revolution

The Gran Rugidoan Spring or simply the Rugidoan Revolution was a five-long transformational conflict in Gran Rugido, with consequences to this day. It saw uprisings against President Lenoci, his resignation, an interim presidency, and the democratic election of a rich landowner, Germán Castillo in 1911. In February 1913, a military coup d'état overthrew Castillo's government, resulting in Castillo’s murder by agents of Federal Army General Anastasio Revilla. A coalition of anti-Revilla forces in the North, the Constitutionalist Army overseen by Eduardo Madero, and a peasant army in the South under Alberto Fernandez, defeated the Federal Army. In 1914 that army was dissolved as an institution. Following the revolutionaries' victory against Revilla, revolutionary armies sought to broker a peaceful political solution, but the coalition splintered, plunging Gran Rugido into civil war again. Constitutionalist general Doroteo Alanis, commander of the Division of the North, broke with Madero and allied with Fernandez. Madero's best general, Alejandro Jimenez, defeated Alanis, his former comrade-in-arms in the Battle of Ixchel in 1915, and Alanis's forces melted away. Madero became the de facto head of Gran Rugido, and in late December, the winners met at a constitutional convention to draft the Constitution of 1916, which was ratified in March 1916. Said Constitution strengthened the anticlerical provisions that were carried over from the 1860 Constitution. With amendments, it remains the governing document of Mexico. It is estimated that the war killed 900,000 of the 1910 population of 20 million.

Consolidating power, President Madero had peasant-leader Alberto Fernandez assassinated in 1917. Madero had gained support of the peasantry during the Revolution, but once in power he did little to distribute land, and, in fact, returned some confiscated land to their original owners. President Madero's best general, Jimenez, served briefly in Madero's administration, but returned to his home state of Altépetl to position himself to run in the 1920 presidential election. Madero chose a political and revolutionary nobody to succeed him. Jimenez and two other revolutionary generals drew up the Plan of Agua Prieta, overthrowing Madero, who died fleeing Laurua in 1920. General Santiago Lenoci, son of Angel Lenoci became interim president, followed the election of General Alejandro Jimenez.

Political Crisis (1920-1968)

The first quarter-century of the post-revolutionary period (1920–1950) was characterized by revolutionary generals serving as Presidents of Gran Rugido, including Santiago Lenoci (1922–30), Videl de la García (1930–38), Mengano Rodriguez (1938–46), and Abelardo Portes Gil (1946–54). Soon after 1940’s, Gran Rugido achieved some degree of political stability, which was interrupted by a local scale conflict that took place between the late 1940s and the early 1960s, a period known as La Violencia ("The Violence"). Its cause was mainly mounting tensions between the two leading political parties, which subsequently ignited after the assassination of the PRM presidential candidate Avelino Montes Gaitán on 9 April 1954.

After 1954, the election of Oscar Vela Cantú, the first civilian president in the post-revolutionary period, Gran Rugido embarked on an aggressive program of economic development, known as “El Milagro” (The Milagro), which was characterized by industrialization, urbanization, and the increase of inequality between urban and rural areas. Despite the progress in certain sectors, many social and political problems continued, and guerrilla groups were formally created such as the GRL, the FRLN and the Royal Army to fight the government and political apparatus. The controversial elections of 1962 marked the beginning of social change after the victory of Susete Hernández Niño from the UDR (Unidad Democrática Rugidoense) against the ruling PFI and several leftist groups that were booming on those years.

The convoluted election was deemed “fraudulent” by the leftists and subsequently, their support grew more in later years. Although the economy continued to flourish for some, social inequality remained a factor of discontent. the UDR rule became increasingly authoritarian and at times oppressive.

Rugidoan Civil War (1968 – 1970)

Further information: Gran Rugidoan Civil War

On 5 May 1968, a coup d'état brought the National Reorganization Process to power. It brought to the table of the government, several syndicalist and socialist ideals. The purpose of this new junta was to stop the revolutionary movement already underway in response to a convoluted election in 1966. Nevertheless, the oligarchy opposed agrarian reforms, and a junta formed with young liberal elements from the army such as Gen. Kuribeña Müller and Gen. Zavala, as well as with progressives such as Rafael Alemán Valades. The loyalist government fled the mainland and established themselves temporarily on the Rugidoan island of Roca Roja. Pressure from the oligarchy soon dissolved the junta because of its inability to control the army in its repression of the people fighting for civil rights, agrarian reforms, better wages, accessible health care and freedom of expression. In the meantime, the guerrilla movement was spreading to all sectors of the Rugidoan society. In the meantime, the loyalist government formed the "Republica temporal del Gran Rugido en Roja Roja" and several pro-democracy guerrillas, namely the Union y Fuerza Movement and several others had been formed across the nation.

Guerrilleros from the Union y Fuerza loyalist faction celebrating the end of the civil war.

As the leftist government began to expand its violence towards its citizens, not only through death squads but also through the military, any group of citizens that attempted to provide any form of support whether physically or verbally ran the risk of death. Even so, many still chose to participate and support Hernández Niño. But the violence was not limited to just activists but also to anyone who promoted ideas that "questioned official policy" were tacitly assumed to be subversive against the government. A marginalized pro-democracy group that metamorphosed into a guerilla force that would end up confronting these government forces manifested itself in campesinos or peasants. Many of these insurgents joined collective action campaigns for material gain; however, in the post-war period, many peasants cited reasons other than material benefits in their decision to join the fight.

Seeing the island government as the main cause of the insurrection, the generals adopted the Campaña de Liberación, an offensive plan to circle and eventually destroy the government in Los Canas, plan adopted on August 5, 1968. After the battle, the "Campaña Ofensiva N° 4510", revealed by president Hernandez Niño marked the beginning of the full Rugidoan Civil War, which lasted from 1968 to 1970. An unknown number of people "disappeared" during the conflict, and the AWA reports that more than 75,000 were killed.

On September 24, 1970, a week after the Capture of Laurua, the loyalist government represented by Susete Hernandez and the NRP, represented by the commander Carlos Labarthe, all signed peace agreements brokered by the World Assembly ending the 2-year civil war. This event, held at the grounds of the Santa Elisa Autonomous University, was attended by A.W.A dignitaries and other representatives of the international community. After signing the armistice, the president stood up and hug with the now ex-NRP commander "forgiving" him, an action which was widely admired. However, shortly after, the remenants of the National Reorganization Process refused to accept and thus, several ex-commanders and former soldiers of the leftist party formed the guerrilla Free Gran Rugido.

Modern times (1971 - present)

A period of reconstruction and reforms followed the "Época de Reconstrucción" (Reconstruction Era) that began in 1970 and lasted until the late 1980s. From 1978 until 2002, Rugidoans favoured the Republican Aliance (RA) party, voting in RA parties (the UDR, the reformed PRI and the PAF) presidents in every election (Luis Carlos Arreola,Emilio Torres, Daniel Figueroa, Tomás Treviño and Samara Mireles) until 2010. The unsuccessful attempts of the left-wing party to win presidential elections due to the past of the country and the 1988 Free Gran Rugido uprising led to its selection of a journalist rather than a former guerrilla leader as a candidate. On 15 March 2010, Iván Trejo, a television figure, became the first president from the Frente Sindicalista de Gran Rugido (FSGR) party and the first leftist president since the dictatorship of the NPA. He was inaugurated on 17 December 2010. The RA would retake the presidency in 2018 with the UDR candidate Matías Torres.

Gran Rugido has contended with the sporadic Free Gran Rugido uprisings, a rising narcotrafficking, and a semi-stagnant economy. Many state-owned industrial enterprises were privatized starting in the 1990s, with neoliberal reforms, but other state owned companies remain and persist to this day. The nation has suprisingly showed modest progress in the struggle to defend human rights and civilian rights. As of now and following the 2021 Laurua attacks and the recent Santa Elisa subway sarin attack, the administration of President Torres has yet to adopt an integrated counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency campaign.

Geography

With 1,137,365 km2 (439,139.1 sq mi), Gran Rugido is located south the equator, between the meridians 75° east and 90° east and the parralels 15° south and the Tropic of Capricorn. It has coastlines with the Sunadic Ocean (this part mostly named Sunadic Bay) and the Magallanes Bay. Being a exit door to the Kaldaz Ocean, the Isla Roca Roja compasses 15,086 km2 of the nation, while mainland Gran Rugido is about 1,122,279 km2. Gran Rugido, as already mentioned, is bordered to the north by Savane; to the northwest by J a d e; to the south by Marlenka, to the east by Dallsard and Lake Girón and to the west with the Sunadic Bay.

Sand Dunes of the Jilachi Desert

The Jilachi Desert divdes most of the center part of the nation, while the Steppes of Laura, Steppes of Fausto, the Valley of Calm and the Northern Savanna completes the northern and southern parts of the country. Laurua was bulit in areas surrounding the Jilachi Desert and cities built in the coastal part of the desert and steppes of the area, have become green ever since.

Climate

Map of Gran Rugido and it's essential climates.

While beign divided by the Tropic of Capricorn, Gran Rugido has a semi-arid climate. Summers are generally hot, spring and fall temperate, and winters mild, with temperatures rarely below freezing in areas outside the Jilachi Desert. The average high in August is 35 °C (95 °F) and the average low is 23 °C (73 °F). The average January high is 21 °C (70 °F) and the average low in January is 8 °C (46 °F). Rainfall is scarce in winter, but more frequent during May through September.

Gran Rugido frequently experiences extreme weather changes; for example, it can sometimes reaches 30 °C (86 °F) in the west in January and February, the coldest months. The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall in the steppes and savanna, which can reduce temperatures significantly, and the dust of the Jilachi Desert, which can lead to abnormally high temperatures and in some infamous cases, droughts. Seasons are not well defined; the warm season may start in February and may last until September while a brief cold season may start on November and last until January.

Gran Rugido is vulnerable to many of the effects of climate change. These include increases in temperature and changes in precipitation. Climate change in these forms threatens food security and agricultural economy. While solutions such as greenhouses and several irrigation systems to farmers have been given, several rural peoples are now leaving their homes and travel to cities and in other cases, to other Olivacian nations. Since March 2019, Rugidoan president, Matías Torres has promoted Beautiful Nation, a development project that aims to reduce the negative effects of climate change – among other things – in the Rugidoan cities.

Flora and Fauna

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Government and Politics

Government

Main article: Federal government of Gran Rugido.

President of the Federal Republic of Gran Rugido, Matías Torres.

The Federal Republic of Gran Rugido are a federation whose government is representative, democratic and republican based on a presidential system according to the 1916 Constitution. The constitution establishes three levels of government: the federal Union, the state governments and the municipal governments. According to the constitution, all constituent states of the federation must have a republican form of government composed of three branches: the executive, represented by a governor and an appointed cabinet, the legislative branch constituted by a unicameral congress and the judiciary, which will include a state Supreme Court of Justice. They also have their own civil and judicial codes.

Prime Minister of Gran Rugido, Fernanda Hernández Alanis.

The federal legislature is the bicameral Congress of the Union, composed of the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. The Congress makes federal law, declares war, imposes taxes, approves the national budget and international treaties, and ratifies diplomatic appointments.

The federal Congress, as well as the state legislatures, are elected by a system of parallel voting that includes plurality and proportional representation. The Chamber of Deputies has 450 deputies. Of these, 250 are elected by plurality vote in single-member districts (the federal electoral districts) and 200 are elected by proportional representation with closed party lists for which the country is divided into five electoral constituencies. The Senate is made up of 40 senators. Of these, 20 senators (two for each state and two for Laurua) are elected by plurality vote in pairs: 10 senators are the first minority or first-runner up (one for each state and one for Laurua), and 10 are elected by proportional representation from national closed party lists.

The executive is the President of the Federal Republic of Gran Rugido, who is the head of state and government, as well as the commander-in-chief of the military forces. The second executive in command is the Prime Minister of the Nation. The President also appoints the Cabinet and other officers, including the prime minister. The President is responsible for executing and enforcing the law, and has the power to veto bills.

The highest organ of the judicial branch of government is the Supreme Court of Justice, the national supreme court, which has eleven judges appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court of Justice interprets laws and judges cases of federal competency. Other institutions of the judiciary are the Federal Electoral Tribunal, collegiate, unitary and district tribunals, and the Council of the Federal Judiciary.

Politics

Main article: Politics in Gran Rugido.

Three parties have historically been the dominant parties in Rugidoan politics: the Union Democratica Rugidoense (UDR), a catch-all party that was founded in 1925 to unite the centrists that were nearly killed after the Rugidoan Revolution; the Federal Instituional Party (PRF), a conservative party founded in 1919 and which has currently shifted to a less extreme right and held the nation's hegemony until 1954 and Unión y Fuerza Democratic Party (PDUyF) a left-wing party, ounded in 1971 as the succesor of the Unión y Fuerza guerrilla of the civil war. The UDR won its first governorship in 1946, and won the presidency in 1962,1970, 1986, 2002 and 2018.

A new political party, the Legitimate Leftist Party (PLI) a leftist-populist party, emerged after the 2002 election and dominated the 2010 Rugidoan general election.

After 1968 and the civil war, the military in Gran Rugido does nor participate in the politics and is under civilian control.

Foreign relations

Dagoberto Khan, diplomat who proposed the Khan Doctrine

The foreign relations of Gran Rugido are directed by the President of Gran Rugido and managed by the Ministry of Foreign Relations. The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, trend to non-interventionism in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations Since the 1970s, the Khan Doctrine has served as a crucial complement to these principles.

Gran Rugido is particulally close with nations of the East, such as Gavrilia, Vultesia and Layfet, beign a member of the Saltstil Pact and other pacts in the east. Thus far, the sole relation with a nation in the West is based on humanitarian aid such as the rebuilding efforts in Krenya and Shaunteville-La-Patrici after the end of the second Lisvonyan conflict. It is disputed if Gran Rugido can be considered a regional power in Olivacia.

Military

Main Article: Gran Rugidoan Federal Armed Forces See also: Military history of Gran Rugido

The Gran Rugidoan military "provides a unique example of a military leadership's transforming itself into a civilian political elite, simultaneously transferring the basis of power from the army to a civilian state." A reformation was brought about by revolutionary generals in the 1930s and 1980s, following the demise of the Federal Army following its complete defeat during the decade-long Rugidoan Revolution and the Gran Rugidoan Civil War.

Female memebers of the GRFAF marching on September 19, 2016. Note the ARX-5 Xiuhcoatl.

The Gran Rugidoan Federal Armed Forces is divided in two branches: the Gran Rugidoan Federal Army (which includes the Gran Rugidoan Air Force), and the Gran Rugidoan Navy. The Gran Rugidoan Federal Armed Forces maintain significant infrastructure, including facilities for design, research, and testing of weapons, vehicles, aircraft, naval vessels, defense systems and electronics; military industry manufacturing centers for building such systems, and advanced naval dockyards that build heavy military vessels and advanced missile technologies. Since the early 2010s, when the drug problems escalated, the military escalated it's response by increasing the importance on acquiring airborne surveillance platforms, aircraft, helicopters, digital war-fighting technologies, urban warfare equipment and rapid troop transport. Most of this technology has been used during the 2021 Free Gran Rugido uprising.

At a certain point, Gran Rugido had the capabilities to manufacture nuclear weapons, but abandoned this possibility with the Treaty of Saint Ark in 1971 and pledged to only use its nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. However, there has been acusations that the government had programs to develop chemical weapons only to be discarded after the civil war ended.

Historically, Gran Rugido has remained neutral in international conflicts. However, in recent years some political parties have proposed an amendment of the Constitution to allow the Army, Air Force or Navy to collaborate in peacekeeping missions, or to provide military help to countries that officially ask for it.

Law Enforcement

Public security is enacted at the three levels of government, each of which has different prerogatives and responsibilities. Local and state police departments are primarily in charge of law enforcement, whereas the Rugidoan Federal Police is in charge of specialized duties. All levels report to the Ministerio de Seguridad Pública (Ministry of Public Security). The General Attorney's Office (Fiscalía General de la Federación FGF) is a constitutional autonomous organism in charge of investigating and prosecuting crimes at the federal level, mainly those related to drug and arms trafficking, espionage, and bank robberies. The FGF operates the Ministerial Police (Policia Ministerial, PM) an investigative and preventive agency.

Political Divisions

Main articles: Administrative divisions of Gran Rugido, States of Gran Rugido, Municipalities of Gran Rugido, and List of Rugidoan state legislatures

The Federal Republic of Gran Rugido are a federation of 11 free and sovereign states, which form a union that exercises juridisction over Laurua.

Each state has its own constitution, congress, and a judiciary, and its citizens elect by direct voting a governor for a four-year term with the chance of reelection and representatives to their unicameral state congresses for two-year terms.

Laurua is a special political division that belongs to the federation as a whole and not to a particular state. Known as the Federal District, its autonomy was limited relative to that of the states. It is expected to drop this designation in early 2022 and is in the process of achieving greater political autonomy by becoming a federal entity with its own constitution and congress.

The states are divided into municipalities, the smallest administrative political entity in the country, governed by a mayor or municipal president (presidente municipal), elected by its residents by plurality.

State N°	Entity	Capital
1	Laurua	Laurua (D.F)
2	Lujambio	Santiago de Lujambio
3	Córdoba	Hernández de Córdoba
4	Senora	Aztlán
5	Autlán	Temixtlán
6	Xalapa	Ixchel
7	Mendoza	Heróica Ciudad de Mendoza
8	Zaragoza	Zaragoza de Seguín
9	Anáhuac	Santa Elisa
10	Vizcaya	San Agustín
11	Pesquería	Puerto Peñasco
12	Roca Roja	Los Canas

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