Joint Space Agency: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Euro-CTS-2008.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Pegasus COS]] | [[File:Euro-CTS-2008.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Pegasus COS]] | ||
The Pegasus Crewed Orbiter System (PCOS), introduced in | The Pegasus Crewed Orbiter System (PCOS), introduced in 2015, is the main spacecraft employed by the JSA for manned missions to the Low Earth Orbit and beyond. It is a combination of three parts: the service module, the cockpit module and the habitation module. The are two variants of the service module: The standard LEO model an the lunar model, which is an enlarged and extended variation of the former packing additional batteries, fuel and fuel cells. It replaced the old {{wp|Hermes (spacecraft)|Hermes Space Plane}} which was regarded as increasingly dated and unreliable. | ||
It is launched using the Athena V heavy lift system. Re-entry is accomplished using the cockpit module alone, which is equipped with an ablative heat shield, parachute and flotation aid for ocean surface recovery. | It is launched using the Athena V heavy lift system. Re-entry is accomplished using the cockpit module alone, which is equipped with an ablative heat shield, parachute and flotation aid for ocean surface recovery. | ||
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| Abbreviation |
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| Formation | 30 May 1961 |
Parent organisation | |
The Joint Space Agency is a multinational confederation of national space agencies and private corporations dedicated to the exploration of space. It was conceived in the 1960s as a means for countries to pool resources together to jointly develop a civilian aerospace program in a more cost-effective manner than purely national endeavours. It currently engages in both manned and unmanned scientific missions, as well as commercial satellite launches, with which the JSA is largely self-financing. Its main spaceport is the International Launch Centre located in Sante Reze. JSA also conducts space launches at the Cape Castille Space Centre located in Gristol-Serkonos for satellites going into polar orbit.
Current members
Membership in the JSA is split into two categories. Full members are states or entities which provide the balance of the JSA's funding, technology or personnel (or, in the case of Sante Reze and Gristol-Serkonos, the provision of launch sites). Associate membership entails a lesser level of commitment and these members participate in the JSA in a more ad hoc or occasional basis. Only full members participate in executive decision-making for the Agency as a whole, although associate members which participate in specific missions may have significant influence in relation to those missions.
Full members
Arthurista
Belfras
Garima
Ghant
Gristol-Serkonos (through the Space and Aeronautical Research Agency)
Latium
Lihnidos
Lion's Rock
Lyncanestria
Onekawa-Nukanoa
Orun Redisus
Sante Reze
Vannois
Yisrael
Associate members
Launch systems
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The Joint Space Agency currently operates three launch systems for rocket launches from the International Launch Centre located at Sante Reze.
The Athena IV is a medium-lift launcher originally derived from an Arthuristan FOBS-capable ICBM design which, whilst derided as 'insane' as a weapons system and quickly cancelled whilst still in the conceptual stage, proved to be an astute choice for repurposing as a launch vehicle. Capable of lifting 7,500kg of payload to the Low Earth Orbit ('LEO') and 4,500kg to the Geostationary orbit ('GEO'), it is cost-effective 'workhorse' vehicle, mostly used for commercial launches. The Athena V is a heavy lift vehicle capable of carrying 28,000kg of payload to the LEO and 15,000 to the GEO. It is also the means by which the JSA's crewed orbiter system is launched.
Recently, a third launch system, the Horus 11, has been added to the JSA's repertoire, which would eventually support crewed exploration of luna and beyond.
In addition, polar orbit launches from the launch centre located at Gristol-Serkonos utilise a family of different rockets.
Pegasus Crewed Orbiter System
The Pegasus Crewed Orbiter System (PCOS), introduced in 2015, is the main spacecraft employed by the JSA for manned missions to the Low Earth Orbit and beyond. It is a combination of three parts: the service module, the cockpit module and the habitation module. The are two variants of the service module: The standard LEO model an the lunar model, which is an enlarged and extended variation of the former packing additional batteries, fuel and fuel cells. It replaced the old Hermes Space Plane which was regarded as increasingly dated and unreliable.
It is launched using the Athena V heavy lift system. Re-entry is accomplished using the cockpit module alone, which is equipped with an ablative heat shield, parachute and flotation aid for ocean surface recovery.
The habitation module may be modified with different docking ports for access to various national and international space station projects. A proposed third variant of the service module – the Extra-Lunar model, is undergoing development, which would allow the Pegasus to conduct manned missions to the near-earth asteroids and beyond.
An Enhanced Service Module is in the final stages of testing, which would greatly extend the endurance of the Pegasus vehicle, with a view of adapting the platform for use in crewed lunar exploration.