Rwizikuran shilling: Difference between revisions
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| image_1 = Rwizikurubanknote1.png | | image_1 = Rwizikurubanknote1.png | ||
| image_title_1 = 20000ſ banknote | | image_title_1 = 20000ſ banknote | ||
| iso_code = | | iso_code = RZH | ||
| issuing_authority = [[Central Bank of Rwizikuru]] | | issuing_authority = [[Central Bank of Rwizikuru]] | ||
| issuing_authority_website = | | issuing_authority_website = | ||
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| rarely_used_banknotes = 1,000,000ſ-, 2,000,000ſ- | | rarely_used_banknotes = 1,000,000ſ-, 2,000,000ſ- | ||
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The '''Rwizikuran shilling''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''Shiling yaRwizikuru'') is a currency used in [[Rwizikuru]]. First adopted in 1946 to replace the [[Riziland shilling|colonial Riziland shilling]] used during [[Estmere|Estmerish]] rule over [[Riziland]], the Rwizikuran shilling underwent three iterations: the first shilling ( | The '''Rwizikuran shilling''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''Shiling yaRwizikuru'') is a currency used in [[Rwizikuru]]. First adopted in 1946 to replace the [[Riziland shilling|colonial Riziland shilling]] used during [[Estmere|Estmerish]] rule over [[Riziland]], the Rwizikuran shilling underwent three iterations: the first shilling (RZS), used from its independence until 1964, when it was replaced with the second shilling (RZN) due to rampant inflation, which underwent significant inflation under [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]'s reign, leading to its replacement in 1983 with the current shilling (RZH). | ||
As of August 2021, the exchange rate between the Rwizikuran shiling and the euclo is 17,653ſ30 for every €1.00. | As of August 2021, the exchange rate between the Rwizikuran shiling and the euclo is 17,653ſ30 for every €1.00. | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
===First shilling=== | ===First shilling=== | ||
The Rwizikuran shilling ( | The Rwizikuran shilling (RZS) was introduced to replace the [[Riziland shilling]] on 1 June, 1946, as part of the preparation of [[Rwizikuru]]'s independence from [[Estmere]]. 1d, 2d, 5d, 10d, 20d, and 50d coins were made, while 1ſ-, 2ſ-, 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ-, and 100ſ- notes were produced. | ||
At the time of its creation, the Rwizikuran shilling had the same value as the [[Estmerish shilling]], as it had replaced the Riziland shilling at par. For the remainder of 1946, the two currencies circulated side by side, before the Riziland shilling was demonetised. | At the time of its creation, the Rwizikuran shilling had the same value as the [[Estmerish shilling]], as it had replaced the Riziland shilling at par. For the remainder of 1946, the two currencies circulated side by side, before the Riziland shilling was demonetised. | ||
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===Second shilling=== | ===Second shilling=== | ||
[[File:Francisco_Macías_Nguema.jpg|150px|thumb|left|A profile of [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] on a banknote, {{circa|1980}}]] | [[File:Francisco_Macías_Nguema.jpg|150px|thumb|left|A profile of [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] on a banknote, {{circa|1980}}]] | ||
On 2 December, 1964, the second shilling ( | On 2 December, 1964, the second shilling (RZN) was introduced, at a rate of 1 new shilling to 5,000,000 old shillings: while it would mean that the exchange rate would be 1 [[Estmerish shilling]] to 4 Rwizikuran shillings, it was deemed by the [[National Salvation Council (Rwizikuru)|National Salvation Council]] as a necessity to "reflect the material realities" of the [[Rwizikuru#Economy|Rwizikuran economy]]. | ||
At the time of its introduction, 20d, 50d, 1ſ-, and 5ſ- coins were introduced, while banknotes worth 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ-, 100ſ-, 200ſ-, 500ſ-, and 1,000ſ- were introduced. Initially, the second shilling fared well, but as a result of the [[Mabifian-Rwizikuran War]] in 1968-1969 and the [[Garamburan War of Independence]] in 1969, rampant inflation began to affect the second shilling. | At the time of its introduction, 20d, 50d, 1ſ-, and 5ſ- coins were introduced, while banknotes worth 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ-, 100ſ-, 200ſ-, 500ſ-, and 1,000ſ- were introduced. Initially, the second shilling fared well, but as a result of the [[Mabifian-Rwizikuran War]] in 1968-1969 and the [[Garamburan War of Independence]] in 1969, rampant inflation began to affect the second shilling. | ||
While the official exchange rate was still set at 4 | While the official exchange rate was still set at 4 RZN for every Estmerish shilling, black market exchange rates by 1975 have shown exchange rates of 500,000 RZN for every Estmerish shilling, and by the death of [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] in 1979, inflation meant that all coins ceased production, while the highest value banknote was 10,000,000 RZN. | ||
By 1982, following the failure of the [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|Port Fitzhubert putsch]] and the subsequent purges, [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|King]] [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]] decreed that the second shilling was to be replaced by the following year. | By 1982, following the failure of the [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|Port Fitzhubert putsch]] and the subsequent purges, [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|King]] [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]] decreed that the second shilling was to be replaced by the following year. | ||
===Third shilling=== | ===Third shilling=== | ||
On 21 September, 1983, the third shilling ( | On 21 September, 1983, the third shilling (RZH) was introduced at the exchange rate of 100,000 RZN for 1 RZH. At the time of its introduction, the exchange rate was 1 [[Estmerish shilling]] for 100 RZH (or 10,000,000 RZN). Coins were produced in 1ſ-, 2ſ-, 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ-, and 100ſ-, while 200ſ-, 500ſ-, 1,000ſ-, 2,000ſ-, 5,000ſ-, 10,000ſ-, 50,000ſ-, and 100,000ſ- banknotes were made. | ||
Since its adoption, the third shilling, although it has underwent inflation, has been much slower than either the | Since its adoption, the third shilling, although it has underwent inflation, has been much slower than either the RZS or the RZN during their lifetimes, while the currency was set to float: by 1990, it went from 1 Estmerish shilling to 5,000 RZH, by 2000, the exchange rate was at 1 [[euclo]] to 7,110 RZH, and by 2010, the exchange rate was at 1 euclo to 14,230 RZH. As of 2020, the current exchange rate was 1 euclo to 14,657ſ11 RZH. | ||
==Banknotes== | ==Banknotes== | ||
==Coins== | ==Coins== | ||
[[Category:Rwizikuru]] | [[Category:Rwizikuru]] | ||
Revision as of 22:44, 16 August 2022
| Shiling yaRwizikuru | |
|---|---|
| File:Rwizikurubanknote1.png 20000ſ banknote | |
| ISO 4217 | |
| Unit | |
| Plural | shillings |
| Symbol | ſ |
| Nickname | mari |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1/100 | penny |
| Plural | |
| penny | pence |
| Symbol | |
| penny | d |
| Nickname | |
| penny | marara |
| Banknotes | |
| Freq. used | 5,000ſ-, 10,000ſ-, 20,000ſ-, 50,000ſ-, 100,000ſ-, 500,000ſ |
| Rarely used | 1,000,000ſ-, 2,000,000ſ- |
| Coins | |
| Freq. used | 100ſ-, 200ſ-, 500ſ-, 1,000ſ-, 2,000ſ-, 5,000ſ- |
| Rarely used | 1ſ-, 2ſ-, 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ- |
| Demographics | |
| Date of introduction | 1946 |
| User(s) | File:RwizikuruFlag.PNG Rwizikuru |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Central Bank of Rwizikuru |
| Valuation | |
| Inflation | 12.3% |
| Source | 2019 |
The Rwizikuran shilling (Rwizi: Shiling yaRwizikuru) is a currency used in Rwizikuru. First adopted in 1946 to replace the colonial Riziland shilling used during Estmerish rule over Riziland, the Rwizikuran shilling underwent three iterations: the first shilling (RZS), used from its independence until 1964, when it was replaced with the second shilling (RZN) due to rampant inflation, which underwent significant inflation under Izibongo Ngonidzashe's reign, leading to its replacement in 1983 with the current shilling (RZH).
As of August 2021, the exchange rate between the Rwizikuran shiling and the euclo is 17,653ſ30 for every €1.00.
History
First shilling
The Rwizikuran shilling (RZS) was introduced to replace the Riziland shilling on 1 June, 1946, as part of the preparation of Rwizikuru's independence from Estmere. 1d, 2d, 5d, 10d, 20d, and 50d coins were made, while 1ſ-, 2ſ-, 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ-, and 100ſ- notes were produced.
At the time of its creation, the Rwizikuran shilling had the same value as the Estmerish shilling, as it had replaced the Riziland shilling at par. For the remainder of 1946, the two currencies circulated side by side, before the Riziland shilling was demonetised.
While under Zophar Bohannon's presidency, the Rwizikuran shilling was largely stable, after the election of Vudzijena Nhema to the Presidency in 1954, the Rwizikuran shilling began to decline in value, particularly after the decision in 1955 by the Central Bank of Rwizikuru to end the currency peg with the Estmerish shilling. By 1960, coins ceased to be minted, and by 1963, banknotes ranged as high as 100,000,000ſ, with the exchange rate around 1 Estmerish shilling to 20,000,000 Rwizikuran shillings.
After the 1963 and 1964 coups d'etat, the National Salvation Council saw the need to redenominate the Rwizikuran currency: the second shilling, which was introduced on 2 December, 1964. The first shilling would continue circulating until the end of the year.
Second shilling
On 2 December, 1964, the second shilling (RZN) was introduced, at a rate of 1 new shilling to 5,000,000 old shillings: while it would mean that the exchange rate would be 1 Estmerish shilling to 4 Rwizikuran shillings, it was deemed by the National Salvation Council as a necessity to "reflect the material realities" of the Rwizikuran economy.
At the time of its introduction, 20d, 50d, 1ſ-, and 5ſ- coins were introduced, while banknotes worth 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ-, 100ſ-, 200ſ-, 500ſ-, and 1,000ſ- were introduced. Initially, the second shilling fared well, but as a result of the Mabifian-Rwizikuran War in 1968-1969 and the Garamburan War of Independence in 1969, rampant inflation began to affect the second shilling.
While the official exchange rate was still set at 4 RZN for every Estmerish shilling, black market exchange rates by 1975 have shown exchange rates of 500,000 RZN for every Estmerish shilling, and by the death of Izibongo Ngonidzashe in 1979, inflation meant that all coins ceased production, while the highest value banknote was 10,000,000 RZN.
By 1982, following the failure of the Port Fitzhubert putsch and the subsequent purges, King Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe decreed that the second shilling was to be replaced by the following year.
Third shilling
On 21 September, 1983, the third shilling (RZH) was introduced at the exchange rate of 100,000 RZN for 1 RZH. At the time of its introduction, the exchange rate was 1 Estmerish shilling for 100 RZH (or 10,000,000 RZN). Coins were produced in 1ſ-, 2ſ-, 5ſ-, 10ſ-, 20ſ-, 50ſ-, and 100ſ-, while 200ſ-, 500ſ-, 1,000ſ-, 2,000ſ-, 5,000ſ-, 10,000ſ-, 50,000ſ-, and 100,000ſ- banknotes were made.
Since its adoption, the third shilling, although it has underwent inflation, has been much slower than either the RZS or the RZN during their lifetimes, while the currency was set to float: by 1990, it went from 1 Estmerish shilling to 5,000 RZH, by 2000, the exchange rate was at 1 euclo to 7,110 RZH, and by 2010, the exchange rate was at 1 euclo to 14,230 RZH. As of 2020, the current exchange rate was 1 euclo to 14,657ſ11 RZH.