1st Paratrooper Blackshirts Brigade "Littorio"

1st Paratrooper Blackshirts Brigade "Littorio"
1ª Brigata Camicie Nere Paracadutiste "Littorio"
Coat of arms of the 1st Paratrooper Blackshirts Brigade "Littorio"
Active	1950 - present
Country	Italy
Branch	Italian National Royal Guard
Part of	Legionary Corps
Beret	Maroon
Commanders
Current commander	Brig. Gen. Mario Vattani
Insignia
Collar flashes

The 1st Paratrooper Blackshirts Brigade "Littorio" (Italian: 1ª Brigata Camicie Nere Paracadutiste "Littorio", officially shortened 1ª Brig. CC.NN. Par. "Littorio") is a paratrooper formation of the Italian National Royal Guard. The Brigade has drawn international controversy over its association with extremist factions of the National Fascist Party. The Brigade had a critical role within the larger Debalti reform movement.

History

The 1st Paratrooper Blackshirts Brigade "Littorio" tracks its origins back to the 1950, on the wake of the African War. On November, 15th, 1951, Commandant General Rodolfo Graziani proposed to the M.V.S.N. the establishment of a Paratroopers Company, in order to deploy them in critical public order events and in military operations. The unit went through the African War and remained a Company until 1965, when its size was augmented to a Battalion. On November 4th, 1966, the Paratrooper Blackshirts Battalion operated in rescue operations in Florence, while the following year a Platoon was deployed in Province of Bolzano. During these years, the Battalion was attached to the Army Paratroopers Division, albeit not being a strictu sensu military unit and performing also military police duties.

On July 1st, 1967, at the final ceremony of the "Aquila Rossa" Exercise, Duce Benito Mussolini granted the maroon beret to Paratroopers units, including the G.N.R. ones.

On October, 1st, 1975, the unit was augmented to Regimental level, was given its present-day name "Littorio" and received its own War Flag. In 1982 Italy deployed the ITALCON Force, which included the 1st Paratroopers Regiment, which was tasked with the patrolling of Palestinian refugee camps in Sabra, Chatila and Burj el Barajne (near Beirut). The Regiment confronted also with Kata'eb Party militia, resulting in extensive political cooperation established afterwards. After the ITALCON departure, a G.N.R. Platoon remains in order to protect the Italian Embassy.

Between 1986 and 1992 the Regiment was slowly augmented to form a Brigade-sized formation, by transferring volunteers from M.V.S.N., Army and Royal Police Corps to the G.N.R. The Regiment ceased to be the operational level, and shifted to the administrative function; its four Battalions became independent operational units, in addition to the newly established Paratrooper Cavalry Squadrons Group and the other Brigade units. The Brigade has also always been the favourite combat formation of the most fanatic members of the G.I.L. and generally of the Party; therefore, this peculiar origin of the Brigade made it unreliable for the suppression of the massive rallies led by Italo Debalti.

In 1991-1993, the Littorio Brigade was crtical in order to ensure a credible military retaliation force to deter any reprisal against Italo Debalti.

Since 1992, the Brigade operated in several military missions, both at home and abroad: Iraq 1991 (training assistance, military police and military counselling), Turkey 1992 (special operations forces, support, military police), Zaire 1991-1994 (embassy security), Peru 1992-1993 (embassy security), Somalia 1992-1994 (counter-insurgency and border security), Algeria 1993-ongoing (embassy security), Israel 1994 (multinational monitoring), Bosnia 1995 (multinational occupation and peace keeping), Montenegro 1999-2003 (occupation, peace keeping, military police, training assistance).

In 1999 the Paratrooper Regiment was disestablished and all its remaining command and control functions were transferred to the Brigade command.

Following the proclamation of the Fascist Monarchy, the Brigade retained its role of "fire brigade" formation, detaching troops in order to support other forces and formations, both in internal security and in military operations.

Among the most famous people who served as a G.N.R. Paratrooper, the most important is doubtless Niccolò Giani M.O.V.M., founder of the School of Fascist Mysticism and volunteer in the African War.

Organisation

Brigade organisational chart

The Brigade is organized on the same line of the Army Paratroopers Brigades; its nine operational Battalions carry the ordinal numbers from 681st to 689th, marking the affinity between Army and G.N.R. paratroopers.

The Littorio Brigade currently consists of 5,500 Legionnaires in ten subordinate battalions:

• Command and Tactical Support Battalion "Littorio"
• 681st Paratrooper Blackshirts Battalion "Ali Nere"
• 682nd Paratrooper Blackshirts Battalion "Ali Tricolori"
• 683rd Paratrooper Blackshirts Battalion "Ali d'Italia"
• 684th Paratrooper Saboteur Blackshirts Battalion "Niccolò Giani"
• 685th Paratrooper Artillery Blackshirts Group "Pugno di Ferro"
• 686th Paratrooper Cavalry Blackshirts Squadrons Group "Avanguardia"
• 687th Paratrooper Medical Blackshirts Battalion "Fulgor"
• 688th Paratrooper Combat Maintenance Blackshirts Battalion "Mazzarini"
• 689th Paratrooper Supply Blackshirts Battalion

The current commander is Brigadier General Mario Vattani.

681st Paratrooper Blackshirts Battalion "Ali Nere"

Battalion coat of arms

The 681st Paratrooper Blackshirts Battalion "Ali Nere" (Italian: 681° Battaglione Camicie Nere Paracadutiste "Ali Nere", shortened 681° Btg. CC.NN. Par. "Ali Nere") is the premier unit of the Littorio Paratroopers Brigade. The Battalion distinguished itself on several occasions, especially in the Italian Empire.
The Battalion's task is, within the Brigade, to close with the enemy by means of fire and maneuver in order to destroy or capture the opponent, or in order to repel the enemy's assault by fire, close combat, and then counterattack. Additionally, the Battalion provides maneuver elements, seizes and defends terrain from the enemy, conducting independent operations at small scale, providing the anti-armour and mortar fire support for organic and attached units.
The Paratrooper Battalion depends on appropriate elements of the Littorio Brigade for supplemental transportation and medical support. It also depends on the 685th Paratrooper Artillery Blackshirts Group "Pugno di Ferro" for fire support teams and to provide support and coordination.
The 681st Paratrooper Blackshirts Battalion "Ali Nere" consists of 671 Legionnaires:

• 681st Headquarters and Headquarters Company "Ali Nere" (191 troops);
• 681-A Paratrooper Rifle Company (131 troops);
• 681-B Paratrooper Rifle Company (131 troops);
• 681-C Paratrooper Rifle Company (131 troops);
• 681st Anti-Armour Company "Ali Nere" (87 troops).

See also

• M.V.S.N. (Kingdom of Italy)
• Italian National Royal Guard (Kingdom of Italy)
• 182nd Paratroopers Brigade Folgore (Kingdom of Italy)