Girbetese Constitution of 1976

Cukobaian Constitution of 1953
The Revolutionary Committee for National Reform during the signing of the Cukobaian Constitution, July 1953
Original title	Perlembagaan Persekutuan Revolusi Cukobai 1953
Jurisdiction	Cukobai
Created	1 May - 8 July 1953
Presented	July 8, 1953 (1953-07-08)
Ratified	July 8, 1953 (1953-07-08)
Date effective	December 22, 1953 (1953-12-22)
System	Federal semi-direct council democracy under a de facto one-party directorial republic with features of Communalist Anarchism
Branches	Three
Chambers	Bicameral (Combined National Revolutionary Assembly); divided into two houses: the Federal Majlis (Upper House), and National Majlis (Lower House)
Executive	National Directorate led by a President
Judiciary	Federal Arbitration National Arbitration Judicial Commission
Federalism	Federal
Entrenchments	Three
Amendments	Seven
Last amended	August 9, 2002 (2002-08-09) (7th)
Location	Revolution Hall, Bandar Cukobai Federal City, Cukobai
Author(s)	Revolutionary Committee for National Reform (JRPN) Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress (JRPK)
Signatories	All members of the JRPN, JRPK, and the 54 members of the Federal Majlis
Supersedes	First Universal Declaration of Human Liberty Cukobaian Revolutionary Common Law

The 1953 Cukobaian Constitution is the basis for all laws in the United Revolutionary Federation of Cukobai. Developed in the aftermath of the Black Days and Vanugalu War in 1953, the Constitution was developed in recognition of the failings of the original Universal Declaration of Human Liberty and Revolutionary Common Law, as cited by the Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress from their investigations into the causes of the conflicts.

The Committee stated the codes' shortcomings included failures to protect vulnerable and historically-disadvantaged populations, increasing isolation of communities, and a near-inability to adequately coordinate resources and funding on a national or even regional level. Upon their report to the Combined Revolutionary Assemblies in February of 1953, the National Directorate authorized the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee for National Reform, a panel of respected Cukobaian statesmen and political theorists from around the world which was placed in charge of developing a new constitution which "married the spirit and ideals of 1911 with the practical needs of a modern developing society". The resulting document codified and formalized a number of pre-existing legal practices in the Federation, as well as implementing a number of measures to develop its modern form of semi-direct democracy. This kept Cukobai's original mode of council democracy with an emphasis on local government, while also creating the current framework of national government that granted regional and federal-level authorities the necessary powers and procedures needed to effectively govern. Accompanying these political reforms were broad protections for minorities in the country, and guarantees for human rights not originally included in the UDHL of 1914.

Contents

Article VII: Religion

This article asserts that while the Constitution of the United Revolutionary Federation is founded on the principles of Secular Humanism, no official state religion will be enforced, and freedom of worship will be guaranteed to all citizens and residents.

Additionally, historic places of worship of Imantamah will be given special privileges in order to recognize their historic role in the development of Cukobaian culture and its place in the 1887-88 and 1911-14 revolutions. These privileges include:

• Recognition of Imantamah Shrines and Temples as monumental structures and places of cultural significance, receiving the provisioning and support which that entails;
• Days of religious significance across all branches of the faith will be treated as federal holidays;
• Institutions of learning operated under the faith as part of temple complexes may be treated as public schools, receiving the provisioning and support which that entails.

Article XII: Mandate for permanent national, regional, and local public services and agencies

This article defines the compartments of the national, regional, and local governments and the services they are required to provide, as well as the process for organizing and overseeing these compartments.

Article XIII: Symbols of the Revolutionary Federation

Further Information: National symbols of Cukobai

This article defines:

• The National flag;
• The Emblem of the United Revolutionary Federation;
• The National anthem;
• The registry of national monuments which preserve the memory of the Revolutions of 1887-88 and 1911-14, the cultural legacy of the Cukobaian peoples, and the achievements of the United Revolutionary Federation, and provisions for their maintenance;
• Sites of ecological importance to Cukobaian culture and the unique biology of the federation's territories, and provisions for their maintenance

Article XIV: Amendments to the Constitution

Amendments to the Constitution of the United Revolutionary Federation may be proposed by:

• A motion to amend by the Regional Majlis of at least 1/4 of all Districts and Federal Cities in the nation, accompanied by at least 250,000 valid signatures from among the electorate within 18 months of of its presentation to the National Majlis.;
• A motion to amend by members of the National Majlis which achieves a simple majority and subsequent majority vote by the Federal Majlis within 18 months of its presentation;
• A motion to amend via popular initiative, if it obtains valid signatures from at least 15% of the national electorate within 18 months of its presentation.

If one of these conditions are reached, a Constitutional Session of the Combined Assemblies is called, in which both the Federal and National Majlis is required to achieve a supermajority during the session to immediately pass. If this does not occur, the proposed amendment may be put to a national popular vote during the next cycle of general elections, to which it only requires a simple majority to pass. If the proposed amendment is achieved by process of popular initiative, no vote is required during the Constitutional Session, but instead may immediately go to ballot following deliberations in the Combined Assemblies to refine and revise the proposal.