Lozhai language

Qazhshavan
Aldonian Adaju gezë Адаьу гезэ /aˈdaju ˈɣɛ.z/ Nyš'ky Ныш'кы /ˈnɨʃᵊ.ki/
Native to	Qazhshava
Region	Slavic Belt in Thuadia
Ethnicity	Aldonian Qazhshavans
Native speakers	Total:85 million L1:- L2:- (2018)
Language family	Thuado-Thrismaran Txenic Aldonian Qazhshavan
Dialects	Meadow Hill Rishic Zalic Laurentine Kental
Writing system	Modified Latin script Modified Govoric alphabet
Official status
Official language in	Qazhshava Sekidean Union
Recognised minority language in	Tiskaiya Kentalis Kistolia
Regulated by	Commission of the Qazhshavan Language
Language codes
ISO 639-1	qs
ISO 639-2	qsz
ISO 639-3	–
Distribution of the language   >90% Native Speakers   >30% native speakers

The Aldonian language, commonly reffered to as "Qazhshavan", is a language in southern Thuadia, it has similar grammatical features with the slavic languages neer the area spoken, but is its own branch of the Thuado-Thrismaran languages, and is the main official language of Qazhshava along side Srednogorian.

Introduction

This article focuses on the Meadow dialect of the language, as it is recognized to be the standerdized form of the language.

Writing system

The language uses a Modified Latin script, and a Modified Govoric. In general writing the Latin Version dominates, the Govoric version is used in and neer regions that use it, but every government official document has to be written in both. In the pre-1921 govoric alphabet threre were the letters ⟨й⟩, ⟨ю⟩, ⟨я⟩ and ⟨ъ⟩, but the alphabet was modernized in 1921 replacing ⟨й⟩ with ⟨ь⟩ which effectivly made ⟨ю⟩ and ⟨я⟩ obselite, and ⟨ъ⟩ with ⟨э⟩. There exists an old historic writing system that is currently used only in historic reconstructions and is tought at schools as part of history.
.
Latin Alphabet:

Aa /а~ɑ/	Bb /b/	Vv /v~ʋ/	Gg /g~ɣ/	Dd /d~ð/	Đđ /d͡ʒ/	Ee /ɛ~e/	Ëë /ɤ̞~ɜ/	Žž /ʒ/	Zz /z/	Ii /i~ɪ/
Kk /k/	Ll /ɫ~ɮ/	Mm /m/	Nn /n/	Oo /ɔ/	Pp /p/	Rr /ɹ~ɻ/	Rr rr /ɾ~r/	Ss /s/	Tt /t~θ/	Uu /u/
Ff /f/	Hh /x/	Cc /t͡s/	Čč /t͡ʃ/	Šš /ʃ/	Xx /ɕ/	Tx tx /t͡ɕ/	Yy /ɨ~y~i/	Jj /j/

Govoric Alphabet:

Аа /а~ɑ/	Бб /b/	Вв /v~ʋ/	Гг /g~ɣ/	Дд /d~ð/	Ђђ /d͡ʒ/	Ее /ɛ~e/	Ээ /ɤ̞~ɜ/	Жж /ʒ/	Зз /z/	Ии /i~ɪ/
Кк /k/	Лл /ɫ~ɮ/	Мм /m/	Нн /n/	Оо /ɔ/	Пп /p/	Рр /ɹ~ɻ/	Рр рр /ɾ~r/	Сс /s/	Тт /t~θ/	Уу /u/
Фф /f/	Хх /x/	Цц /t͡s/	Чч /t͡ʃ/	Шш /ʃ/	Щщ /ɕ/	Ћћ /t͡ɕ/	Ыы /ɨ~y~i/	Ьь /j/

Orthography

The letter ⟨ë⟩ is silent at the end of words unless its after ⟨j⟩ or in some exeptions, however it can be pronounced without changing th emeaning.
the combination of ⟨r⟩ and ⟨ë⟩ resoults in ⟨ë⟩ becoming silent, hence rreporëterë is pronounced as /ˈɾɛ.pɔɻ.tɛɻ/ (alternatifly:/ˈre.pɔɹ.tɛɹ/).
The ⟨y⟩ vowel is pronounced as /i/ (/y/ by some speakers) when its at the end of words
⟨i⟩ is awlays /ˈi/ when they are afer vowels, which helps distinguish it from /j/.

Phonology

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m		n		(ɲ)
Plosive	voiceless	p	t~θ				k
	voiced	b	d~ð				ɡ~ɣ
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s	t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ
	voiced				d͡ʒ
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	ʃ	ɕ
	voiced	v~ʋ		z (ɮ)	ʒ
Approximant				ɫ ɹ~ɻ		j
Tap & Trill				ɾ~r~ʁ

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i (y)	ɨ	u
Close-Mid	(e~ɪ)
Mid		(ə)*	ɤ̞
Open-Mid	ɛ	(ɜ)	ɔ
Neer Open		(ɐ)*
Open	a~ɑ

Nouns

Grammatical Gender

Qazhshavan has 2 grammatical genders, they are identified by the ending sound of the base word of a word.

• Masculine - all masculine nouns end in a ⟨n⟩ or ⟨j⟩, ⟨ë⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩.
• Feminine - all feminine nouns end in ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨y⟩

Grammatical Cases

Qazhshavan has 5 grammatical cases.

• Nominative: Subject or a Predicate noun or adjective
• Accusative: Interract with Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
• Genetive: Possesed by Subject
• Locative: In Subject, on Subject
• Vocative: calling Subject

The Table Below also shows how the adjective suffix works with the examples

Common Translation		Nom.	Acc.	Gen.	Loc.	Voc.		Adj.
Masculine - n & j
Man	Sin.	Nerën	Nerënun	Nerëno	Nerënme	Nerëne!	Nerëny
	Plr.	Nerënaj	Nerënej	Nerënoj	Nerënmej	Nerënaj!	Nerënjy
	Sin.Def.	te'Nerën	te'Nerënun	te'Nerëno	te'Nerënme	Ø	te'Nerëny
	Plr.Def.	ti'Nerënaj	ti'Nerënej	ti'Nerënoj	ti'Nerënmej	Ø	ti'Nerënjy
Masculine - ë & o & u
Dog	Sin.	Txeno	Txenon	Txenono	Txenme	Txeno!	Txeny
	Plr.	Txenaj	Txenej	Txenoj	Txenmej	Txenaj!	Txenjy
	Sin.Def.	te'Txen	te'Txenon	te'Txenono	te'Txenme	Ø	te'Txeny
	Plr.Def.	ti'Txenaj	ti'Txenej	ti'Txenoj	ti'Txenmej	Ø	ti'Txenjy
Feminine - a & e
Woman	Sin.	Gona	Gonan	Gonano	Goname	Gono!	Gonaja
	Plr.	Gony	Goni	Gonono	Gonmy	Gony!	Gonajy
	Sin.Def.	te'Gona	te'Gonan	te'Gonano	te'Goname	Ø	te'Gonaja
	Plr.Def.	ti'Gony	ti'Goni	ti'Gonono	ti'Gonmy	Ø	ti'Gonajy
Feminine - i & y
Mountain	Sin.	Xany	Xanyn	Xanyno	Xanyme	Xano!	Xanyja
	Plr.	Xane	Xanei	Xaneno	Xanmy	Xane!	Xanojy
	Sin.Def.	te'Xany	te'Xanyn	te'Xanyno	te'Xanyme	Ø	te'Xanyja
	Plr.Def.	ti'Xanove	ti'Xanei	ti'Xaneno	ti'Xanmy	Ø	ti'Xanojy

Adjectives

Adjectives are also gendered, and come in the 5 cases, but they are more consistent compared to nouns.

Common Translation		Nom.	Acc.	Gen.	Loc.	Voc.
Masculine - all
Strong	Sin.	Sađan	Sađanan	Sađanon	Sađamërë	Sađan
	Plr.	Sađanaj	Sađanej	Sađanoj	Sađanmerë	Sađanaj
	Sin.Def.	te'Sađan	te'Sađanan	te'Sađanon	te'Sađanmërë	Ø
	Plr.Def.	ti'Sađanaj	ti'Sađanej	ti'Sađanoj	ti'Sađanmerë	Ø
Feminine - all
Beatufull	Sin.	Lavi	Lavin	Lavino	Lavimërë	Lavi
	Plr.	Lavje	Lavjej	Lavjeno	Lavjemerë	Lave
	Sin.Def.	te'Lavi	te'Lavin	te'Lavino	te'Lavimërë	Ø
	Plr.Def.	ti'Lavje	ti'Lavjej	ti'Lavjeno	ti'Lavjemerë	Ø

Qazhshavan uses Comparison forms of Adjectives:

• Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - šasin
• Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - nišasin
• Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - jan-šasin
• Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - naj-šasin
• Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - naj-naj-šasin

Verbs

Tenses

The Lnaguage is 'Pro drop', meaning that using pronouns is optional, usually when used, they add emphasis, for example: " jemë denmë " - " i am eating ", " Dy denexë " - " you are eating ".

Mood	Person	Number	Past		Present		Future		Future in the past
			Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect
Indicative	1	Singular	<>(ë)hë	<>herë	<>(ë)më	<>(ë)hë	je <>(ë)më	je an <>merë	jehë jo <>(ë)më	jehë jo an <>merë
		Plural	<>(ë)hëme	<>hëmerë	<>(ë)mëme	<>(ë)hëme	je <>(ë)mëme	je an <>mëmerë	jehë jo <>(ë)mëme	jehë jo an <>mëmerë
	2	Singular	<>elë jedë	<>elerë jedë	<>exë	<>elë jedë	je <>exë	je <>exerë	jehë jo an <>exë	jehë jo an <>exerë
		Plural	<>elaj dej	<>lajrë dej	<>eje	<>elaj dej	je <>eje	je <>ejerë	jehë jo an <>eje	jehë jo an <>ejerë
	3	Singular	<>se	<>serë an	<>jë	<>se	je <>jë	je an <>jerë	jehë jo <>jë	jehë jo an <>jerë
		Plural	<>sa	<>sarë	<>jëdë	<>sa	je <>jëdë	je an <>jëderë	jehë jo <>jëdë	jehë jo an <>jëderë
Imperative	All	Singular	Ø		<>(š)y		<>(ž)y		Ø
		Plural			<>(š)i		<>(ž)i

Note: Word Order Can Switch around depending on context.

Pronouns

Translation to Common		Person and number		Nom.	Acc.	Gen.	Loc.	Voc.
I	Me	First	Singular	Jemë	Memë	Me	Mene	Ø
You (Singular)		Second		Du	Dun	Dy	Dyn	Du!
He	Him	Third		Vaj	Go	Egy	Egyn	Ø
She	Her			Vaja	Ga	Ega	Egan	Ø
It				Vaj	Goe	Ëgy	Ëgyn	Ø
We	Us	First	Plural	Nen	Men	Ny	Nasë	Ø
You (Plural/formal)		Second		Dau	Daun	Daj	Dajn	Dau!
They	Them	Third	Singular & Plural	Ata	Atan	Atej	Atejn	Ø

Numbers

Qazhshavan is a Decimal language, meaning it has a base 10 number system.

In Qazhshavan the way to construct numbers higher than 10 is generally simple, 11 being 1-on-10, 12 being 2-on-10, and so on, for numbers such as 20, 30 and 40, you drop the '-on-', 20 - 2-10, 30 - 3-10, and so on
Numbers of 100 are literally: 101- 100 & 1 ; 110- 100 & 10 ; 111- 100 & 1-on-10 ; 120- 100 & 2-10 ; 121- 100 2-10 & 1

Number	Number term (Qazhshavan)	IPA		Number	Number term (Qazhshavan)	IPA
0	Nulo Нуло	/ˈnu.ɫɔ/		11	Ennëndjetë Еннэндьетэ	/ˈɛn.ɤ̞n.djɛt/
1	En Ен	/ˈɛn/		12	Dinëndjetë Динэндьетэ	/ˈdi.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
2	Di Ди	/ˈdi/		13	Terrenëndjetë Терренэндьетэ	/ˈtɛ.ɾɛ.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
3	Terre Терре	/ˈtɛ.ɾɛ/		14	Ketënëndjetë Кетэнэндьетэ	/ˈkɛ.tɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
4	Ketë Кетэ	/ˈkɛtᵊ/		15	Pexënëndjetë Пещэнэндьетэ	/ˈpɛ.ɕɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
5	Pexë Пещэ	/ˈpɛ.ɕᵊ/		16	Šešënëndjetë Шешэнэндьетэ	/ˈʃɛ.ʃɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
6	Šešë Шешэ	/ʃɛʃᵊ/		17	Šemënëndjetë Шемэнэндьетэ	/ˈʃɛ.mɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
7	Šemë Шемэ	/ˈʃɛmᵊ/		18	Ašemënëndjetë Ашемэнэндьетэ	/ˈaʃɛ.mɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
8	Ašemë Ашемэ	/ˈaʃ.ɛmᵊ/		19	Nentënëndjetë Нентэнэндйетэ	/ˈnɛn.tɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
9	Nentë Нентэ	/ˈnɛntᵊ/		100	(en)Txyn (ен)Ћын	/ˈɛn.t͡ɕɨn/ /t͡ɕɨn/
10	Djetë Дьетэ	/ˈdjɛtᵊ/		1000	(en)Mjada (ен)Мьада	/ˈɛn.mja.da/ /ˈmja.da/

Dialects

The Qazhshavan language consists of 6 dialect groups, which split into their own sub-dialects.

Dialects list
	-Zalic Dialect Located mainly outside the country, its one of the least inteligable to the Standart form of the language, seperatists in the 1960s claimed it as a seperate languages, some still do today.
	-Rishic Dialect Generally understood by both meadow and Zalic speakers, it is seen as an intermediate.
	-Meadow Dialect This is the most spoken dialect, and the standerdized form of the language.
	-Hill Dialect Second most spoken dialect, in the 1910 it competed with the Meadow dialect for title of Standart dialect, but lost.
	-Laurentine Dialect Also called "the Islander Dialect", its spoken in the few islands owned by Qazhshava and also in oversees diaspora left over from ex-colonies.
	-Kental Dialect A strongly Ereskan and Kental influenced dialect spoken south of Ereska in Kentalis, and holds a recognized status in the said nation.