Lozhai language

Qazhshavan
Aldonian МарӀаьу гезэ , МарӀаьу Marhaju gezë , Marhaju /maˈr̥͡θa.ju gɛz/
Native to	Qazhshava
Region	Slavic Belt in Thuadia
Ethnicity	Aldonian Qazhshavans
Native speakers	Total:85 million L1:- L2:- (2018)
Language family	Thuado-Thrismaran Chenic Aldonian Qazhshavan
Dialects	Meadow Hill Rishic Zalic Laurentine Kental
Writing system	Modified Latin script Modified Govoric alphabet
Official status
Official language in	Qazhshava Sekidean Union
Recognised minority language in	Tiskaiya Kentalis Kistolia
Regulated by	Commission of the Qazhshavan Language
Language codes
ISO 639-1	qs
ISO 639-2	qsz
ISO 639-3	–
Distribution of the language   >90% Native Speakers   >30% native speakers

The Aldonian language, commonly reffered to as "Qazhshavan", is a language in southern Thuadia, it has similar grammatical features with the slavic languages neer the area spoken, but is its own branch of the Thuado-Thrismaran languages, and is the main official language of Qazhshava along side Srednogorian.

Introduction

This article focuses on the Meadow dialect of the language, as it is recognized to be the standerdized form of the language.

.

Мэ́деьа-МарӀаьуте Гезэ

.

|

.

Mödeja-Marhajute Gezë

.

|

.

|

Meadow-Qazhshavan Language

.

Writing system

The language uses a Modified Latin script, and a Modified Govoric.
Both scripts are used, on the internet the Latin version does domminate due to its better axcesabilty, and the Govoric script is seen as the more correct and formal script due to its history, but every government official document has to be written in both. In the pre-1921 govoric alphabet threre were the letters ⟨й⟩, ⟨ю⟩, ⟨я⟩ and ⟨ъ⟩, but the alphabet was modernized in 1921 replacing ⟨й⟩ with ⟨ь⟩ which effectivly made ⟨ю⟩ and ⟨я⟩ obselite, and ⟨ъ⟩ with ⟨э⟩. There exists an old historic writing system that is currently used only in historic reconstructions and is tought at schools as part of history.
.
Govoric Alphabet:

Аа /а~ɑ/	Бб /b/	Вв /v/	Гг /g~ɣ/	Дд /d~ð/	ДӀ дӏ /d͡ʒ/	Ее /ɛ~e/	Ээ /ɤ̞~ɜ/	Жж /ʒ/	Зз /z/	Ии /i~ɪ/
Кк /k/	Лл /ɫ~l/	Мм /m/	Нн /n/	Оо /ɔ/	Пп /p/	Рр /ɾ~r/	РӀ рӀ /r̥͡θ/	Сс /s/	Тт /t~θ/	Уу /u/
Фф /f/	Хх /x/	Цц /t͡s/	Чч /t͡ʃ/	Шш /ʃ/	ШӀ.шӀ /ɕ/	ЧӀ чӀ /t͡ɕ/	Ыы /ɨ~i/	Ьь /j/	Ӏӏ -	Э́э́ /œ/

Latin Alphabet:

Aa /a~ɑ/	Bb /b/	Vv /v/	Gg /g~ɣ/	Dd /d~ð/	Dh dh /d͡ʒ/	Ee /ɛ~e/	Ëë /ɤ̞~ɜ/	Žž /ʒ/	Zz /z/	Ii /i~ɪ/
Kk /k/	Ll /ɫ~l/	Mm /m/	Nn /n/	Oo /ɔ/	Pp /p/	Rr /ɾ~r/	Rh rh /r̥͡θ/	Ss /s/	Tt /t~θ/	Uu /u/
Ff /f/	Hh /x/	Cc /t͡s/	Čč /t͡ʃ/	Šš /ʃ/	Šh šh /ɕ/	Čh čh /t͡ɕ/	Yy /ɨ~i/	Jj /j/	Hh* -	Öö /œ/

Note: the ⟨ы⟩/⟨y⟩ letter is usually pronounced as /i/ in modern Qazhshavan, its original /ɨ/ sound is generally lost, spoken in a few dialects, but not standart Qazhshavan.

Orthography

All words that end in a vowel sound must end in the letter ⟨э⟩/⟨ë⟩, which stay silent, the only time they are pronounced at the end is when they follow ⟨ь⟩/⟨j⟩, a consonant cluster or a few other exeptions, though it can be pronounced without changing the meaning.
No consonant cluster is to exceed 2 consonants, foreign names with such clusters are to be devided.

Phonology

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m		n		(ɲ)
Plosive	voiceless	p	t~θ				k
	voiced	b	d~ð				ɡ~ɣ
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s	t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ
	voiced				d͡ʒ
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	ʃ	ɕ
	voiced	v		z	ʒ
Approximant				ɫ~l		j
Tap & Trill				r̥͡θ ɾ~r

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	(ɨ)*	u
Close-Mid	(e~ɪ)*
Mid		(ə)*	ɤ̞
Open-Mid	ɛ œ	(ɜ)*	ɔ
Neer Open		(ɐ)*
Open	a~ɑ

Nouns

Grammatical Gender

Qazhshavan has 2 grammatical genders, they are identified by the ending sound of the base word of a word.

• Masculine - all masculine nouns end in a ⟨n⟩ or ⟨j⟩, ⟨ë⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩.
• Feminine - all feminine nouns end in ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨y⟩

Grammatical Cases

Qazhshavan has 5 grammatical cases.

• Nominative: Subject or a Predicate noun or adjective
• Accusative: Interract with Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
• Genetive: Possesed by Subject
• Locative: In Subject, on Subject
• Vocative: calling Subject

The Table Below also shows how the adjective suffix works with the examples

Common Translation		Nom.	Acc.	Gen.	Loc.	Voc.		Adj.
Masculine - n & j
Man	Sin.	Нерэ́н Nerön	Нерэ́нун Nerönun	Нерэ́но Neröno	Нерэ́нме Nerönme	Нерэ́не! Neröne!	Нерэ́ны Neröny
	Plr.	Нерэ́наь Nerönaj	Нерэ́неь Nerönej	Нерэ́ноь Nerönoj	Нерэ́нмеь Nerönmej	Нерэ́наь! Nerönaj!	Нерэ́ньы Nerönjy
	Sin.Def.	Нерэ́нте Nerönte	Нерэ́нтун Neröntun	Нерэ́нто Neröntoö	Нерэ́нтме Neröntme	Ø	Нерэ́нты Nerönty
	Plr.Def.	Нерэ́нтиь Neröntij	Нерэ́неь Neröntej	Нерэ́ноь Neröntoj	Нерэ́нмеь Neröntmej	Ø	Нерэ́ньы Neröntjy
Masculine - ë & o & u
Dog	Sin.	ЧӀено Čheno	ЧӀенон Čhenon	ЧӀеноно Čhenono	ЧӀенме Čhenme	ЧӀено! Čheno!	ЧӀеноы Čheny
	Plr.	ЧӀеноаь Čhenaj	ЧӀеноеь Čhebej	ЧӀеноь Čhenoj	ЧӀенмеь Čhenmej	ЧӀенаь Čhenaj!	ЧӀеноьы Čhenjy
	Sin.Def.	ЧӀеноте Čhenote	ЧӀенотэн Čhenotën	ЧӀенотно Čhenotno	ЧӀентме Čhentme	Ø	ЧӀеноты Čhenty
	Plr.Def.	ЧӀенотиь Čhentij	ЧӀенотеь Čhebtej	ЧӀенотоь Čhenotoj	ЧӀентмеь Čhentmej	Ø	ЧӀентьы Čhentjy
Feminine - a & e
Woman	Sin.	Гона Gona	Гонан Gonan	Гонано Gonano	Гонаме Goname	Гонао! Gono!	Гонаьа Gonaja
	Plr.	Гоны Gony	Гонин Gonin	Гононо Gonono	Гонмы Gonmy	Гоны! Gony!	Гоньы Gonajy
	Sin.Def.	Гоната Gonata	Гонатан Gonatan	Гонатни Gonatno	Гонатме Gonatme	Ø	Гонатьа 'Gonatja
	Plr.Def.	Гонты Gonty	Гонтин Gontin	Гонтоно Gontono	Гонтмы Gontmy	Ø	Гонтьы Gonatjy
Feminine - i & y
Mountain	Sin.	ШӀаны Šhany	ШӀанын Šhanyn	ШӀаныно Šhanyno	ШӀаныме Šhanyme	ШӀано! Šhano!	ШӀаныьа Šhanyja
	Plr.	ШӀане Šhane	ШӀанеь Šhanej	ШӀанено Šhaneno	ШӀанмы Šhanmy	ШӀане! Šhane!	ШӀаноьы Šhanojy
	Sin.Def.	ШӀанты Šhanty	ШӀантын Šhanytyn	ШӀанытно Šhanytno	ШӀантме Šhanytme	Ø	ШӀантьа Šhanytja
	Plr.Def.	ШӀанте Šhante	ШӀантеь Šhantej	ШӀантено Šhanteno	ШӀантмы Šhantmy	Ø	ШӀантоьы Šhantojy

Adjectives

Adjectives are also gendered, and come in the 5 cases, but they are more consistent compared to nouns.

Common Translation		Nom.	Acc.	Gen.	Loc.	Voc.
Masculine - all
Strong	Sin.	СадӀан Sadhan	СадӀанан Sadhanan	СадӀанон Sadhanon	СадӀанме Sadhame	СадӀане! Sađane!
	Plr.	СадӀанаь Sadhanaj	СадӀан''еь Sadhanej	СадӀаноь Sadhanoj	СадӀанмеь Sadhanmej	СадӀанаь! Sadhanaj!
	Sin.Def.	СадӀанте Sadhante	СадӀантан Sadhantan	СадӀантон Sadhanton	СадӀантме Sadhantme	Ø
	Plr.Def.	СадӀантиь Sadhantij	СадӀантеь Sadhantej	СадӀантоь Sadhantoj	СадӀантмеь Sadhantmej	Ø
Feminine - all
Beatufull	Sin.	Вэ́ле Völe	Вэ́лен Völen	Вэ́лено Völeno	Вэ́леме Völeme	Вэ́лео! Völo!
	Plr.	Вэ́лье Völje	Вэ́льеь Völjej	Вэ́льено Völjeno	Вэ́льемы Völjemy	Вэ́лье 'Völje
	Sin.Def.	Вэ́лете Völete	Вэ́летен Völeten	Вэ́летно Völetno	Вэ́летме Völetme	Ø
	Plr.Def.	Вэ́летье Völtje	Вэ́летьеь Völtjej	Вэ́летьено Völtjeno	Вэ́летьемы Völtjemy	Ø

Qazhshavan uses Comparison forms of Adjectives:

• Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - šasin / шасин
• Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - nišasin / нишасин
• Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - jan-šasin / ьан-шасин
• Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - žen-šasin / жен-шасин
• Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - žen-žen-šasin / жен-жен-шасин

Verbs

Tenses

The Lnaguage is 'Pro drop', meaning that using pronouns is optional, usually when used, they add emphasis, for example: " jemë denjamë " - " i am eating ", " Vi denešhë " - " you are eating ".

Mood	Person	Number	Past		Present		Future		Future in the past
			Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect
Indicative	1	Singular	<>(ja)hë	<>hre an	<>(ja)më	<>(ja)hë	je <>(ja)më	je an <>merë	jehë jo <>(ja)më	jehë jo an <>merë
		Plural	<>(ja)hme	<>hmerë an	<>(ja)mëme	<>(ja)hme	je <>(ja)mëme	je an <>mëmerë	jerhme jo <>(ja)mëme	jerhme jo an <>mëmerë
	2	Singular	<>(e)žë/a jedë	<>(e)žë/a jedë	<>(e)šhë	<>(e)žë/a jedë	je <>(e)šhë	je <>(e)žë/a	jehe jo an <>(e)šhë	jehe jo an <>(e)šhrë
		Plural	<>ža dej	<>žarë dej	<>eje	<>ža dej	je <>eje	je <>ejerë	jerhe jo an <>eje	jerhe jo an <>ejerë
	3	Singular	<>(e)šë	<>(e)še an	<>jë	<>eš	je <>jë	je an <>jerë	jehe jo <>jë	jehe jo an <>jerë
		Plural	<>(e)ša	<>(e)šarë	<>jëdë	<>ša	je <>jëdë	je an <>jëderë	jerhë jo <>jëdë	jerhë jo an <>jëderë
Imperative	All	Singular	Ø		<>ši		<>ži		Ø
		Plural			<>šati		<>žati

Note: Word Order Can Switch around depending on context.

Pronouns

Translation to Common		Person and number		Nom.	Acc.	Gen.	Loc.	Voc.
I	Me	First	Singular	Ьемэ Jemë	Ме Me	Ме Me	Мен Men	Ø
You (Singular)		Second		Ви Vi	Вы Vy	Васы Вы Vasy Vy	Вын Vyn	Ви! Vi!
He	Him	Third		Воь Voj	Го Go	Его Ego	Егон Egon	Ø
She	Her			Ваь Vaj	Га Ga	Ега Ega	Еган Egan	Ø
It				Во Vo	Го Go	Его Ego	Егон Egon	Ø
We	Us	First	Plural	Нен Nen	Мен Men	Ны Ny	Насэ Nasë	Ø
You (Plural/formal)		Second		Вау Vau	Ваун Vaun	Ваь Vaj	Ваьн Vajn	Вау Vau!
They	Them	Third	Singular & Plural	Ажа Aža	Ажан Ažan	Ажеь Ažej	Ажеьн Ažejn	Ø

Numbers

Qazhshavan is a Decimal language, meaning it has a base 10 number system.

In Qazhshavan the way to construct numbers higher than 10 is generally simple, 11 being 1-on-10, 12 being 2-on-10, and so on, for numbers such as 20, 30 and 40, you drop the '-on-', 20 - 2-10, 30 - 3-10, and so on
Numbers of 100 are literally: 101- 100 & 1 ; 110- 100 & 10 ; 111- 100 & 1-on-10 ; 120- 100 & 2-10 ; 121- 100 2-10 & 1

Number	Number term (Qazhshavan)	IPA		Number	Number term (Qazhshavan)	IPA
0	Nulo Нуло	/ˈnu.ɫɔ/		11	Ennëndjetë Еннэндьетэ	/ˈɛn.ɤ̞n.djɛt/
1	En Ен	/ˈɛn/		12	Dinëndjetë Динэндьетэ	/ˈdi.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
2	Di Ди	/ˈdi/		13	Terenëndjetë Теренэндьетэ	/ˈtɛ.ɾɛ.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
3	Tere Тере	/ˈtɛ.ɾɛ/		14	Ketënëndjetë Кетэнэндьетэ	/ˈkɛ.tɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
4	Ketë Кетэ	/ˈkɛtᵊ/		15	Pešhënëndjetë ПешӀэнэндьетэ	/ˈpɛ.ɕɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
5	Pešhë ПешӀэ	/ˈpɛ.ɕᵊ/		16	Šešënëndjetë Шешэнэндьетэ	/ˈʃɛ.ʃɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
6	Šešë Шешэ	/ʃɛʃᵊ/		17	Šemënëndjetë Шемэнэндьетэ	/ˈʃɛ.mɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
7	Šemë Шемэ	/ˈʃɛmᵊ/		18	Ašemënëndjetë Ашемэнэндьетэ	/aˈʃɛ.mɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
8	Ašemë Ашемэ	/aˈʃ.ɛmᵊ/		19	Nentënëndjetë Нентэнэндйетэ	/ˈnɛn.tɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/
9	Nentë Нентэ	/ˈnɛntᵊ/		100	(en)Čhyn (ен)ЧӀн	/ˈɛn.t͡ɕɨn/ /t͡ɕɨn/
10	Djetë Дьетэ	/ˈdjɛtᵊ/		1000	(en)Mjada (ен)Мьада	/ˈɛn.mja.da/ /ˈmja.da/

Questions

Yes & No

Qazhshavan forms Yes and No questions with a quesiton suffix, which follows slight vowel harmony

Translation in Common	Sentence in Qazhshavan	Suffix
words with last vowels: ë, o, u
Did you shoot him?	Berëžko Go? Берэжко Го?	-ko
	/bɛˈɾɤ̞ʒˌkɔ ˈɣɔ/
words with last vowels: a, e,
Do you like her?	Čhanašhka Ga? ЧӀанашӀка Га?	-ka
	/t͡ɕa.ˈnaɕ.ka ˈɣa/
words with last vowels: i , y
Do you love me?	Šenišhki Me? ШенишӀки Ме?	-ki
	/ʃɛˈniɕ.ki ˈmɛ/

Dialects

The Qazhshavan language consists of 6 dialect groups, which split into their own sub-dialects.

Dialects list
	-Zalic Dialect Located mainly outside the country, its one of the least inteligable to the Standart form of the language, seperatists in the 1960s claimed it as a seperate languages, some still do today.
	-Rishic Dialect Generally understood by both meadow and Zalic speakers, it is seen as an intermediate.
	-Meadow Dialect This is the most spoken dialect, and the standerdized form of the language.
	-Hill Dialect Second most spoken dialect, in the 1910 it competed with the Meadow dialect for title of Standart dialect, but lost.
	-Laurentine Dialect Also called "the Islander Dialect", its spoken in the few islands owned by Qazhshava and also in oversees diaspora left over from ex-colonies.
	-Kental Dialect A strongly Ereskan and Kental influenced dialect spoken south of Ereska in Kentalis, and holds a recognized status in the said nation.