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Separatism and regional identity in Paretia

Tosutonia

Bandera Estrella, the flag of the Tosuton republican separatist movement

Tosutonia is likely the most active separatist movement in Paretia. Tosutons separatists see themselves as the most separated identity in Paretia. The Tosuton culture is the most unique of the peninsula as it is part of a separate language family closely related to the Gaullicans. Since the unification fo the peninsula in 1542 there have been numerous Tosuton rebellions, including the Vallverdú-Escolano Rebellion in 1656, which combined Esmeiran and Tosuton forces were defeated by the Luzelese ruled monarchy. During the Pronunciamento the Tosutons attempted to separate again, declaring the first Tosuton Republic in Mausoleu, but were crushed again.

Separatist movements in Tosutonia fell down during the Turno Tranquilo when the Paretian government of the LNRM gave the Tosutons more representation. In Tosutonia the under construction Curs Purs Cathetral in Encerosa became a national symbol of the Tosuton people.

During the Functionalist Paretia era and Great War, Tosutonia became a bastion of left-wing politics in Paretia. It was home to many left-wing separatist resistance movements. The Bandera Estrella, the left-wing Republican flag of Tosutonia was created during the Great War. During the Republic of Paretia and Solarian War period, numerous separatist groups in Tosutonia popped up, these culminated in the 1950s with the creation of the People's Army of Tosutonia, of the EPT, a unification of the many left-wing nationalist separatist movements in Paretia. The EPT would resort to terrorist tactics during the 1950s and 1960s. The EPT was responsible for the 1958 Precea train station bombings, which killed 20 Paretian government officials, as well as the 1960 Encerosa hostage crisis, which saw anti-separatist Tosuton politicians taken hostage. In response to the terror tactics, Paretians elected the right-wing Popular Leadership Front, which allied with far-right and sotirian democrat parties to make a right-wing government. Under Premier Leonel Freitas, the government would begin to fight separatist elements in Tosutonia and other regions. The EPT was destroyed by 1970.

Separatism became less of an issue during the 1970s onward. The left-wing Socialists for Tosuton Independence and right-wing Liberty for Tosutonia parties were founded during the 1980s. The more peaceful approach to separatism continued during the 1990s and early 21st century. In 2006 a revival of the EPT was created in the form of the New People's Army of Tosutonia, this group would be less active than their predecessor.

A resurgence of Tosuton separatism came in 2021, during the leadership of the far-right Popular Victory government. Where Tosutonia's regional government would attempt, but ultimately fail to curb the VP government's anti-abortion law. This lead to massive protests for independence in the region, and the arrest of the leader of the Socialist for Tosuton Independence would lead to calls for a referendum. A referendum was allowed and held later in 2022, but the no vote would win. Separatism however became the most popular it has in decades.

Esmeira

The Bandera Republicano, the flag of the republican separatist movement in Esmeira

Esmeira has fairly less separatist fervor compared to Tosutonia or Visega today, but historically it has attempted to gain independence from Paretia many times. Esmeira has it's own separatist movement that has lasted since the unification of the peninsula. Numerous Esmeiran attempts at independence occured in the early centuries of Paretia, usually they fought alongside Tosutons in numerous rebellions, the largest being the Vallverdú-Escolano Rebellion.

During the Pronunciamento the Esmeirans in Vallenoche declared the first Esmeiran Republic, similarly to it's Tosuton counterpart, it was swiftly taken down. During the Paretian Blessed Republic, which was mostly located in Etrurian-occupied Esmeira, Esmeirans attempted to turn it into an Esmeiran-centric nation, and reform it into the Esmeiran Blessed Republic. Their leader, Inigo Vergara, was Esmeiran, but rejected this proposal and wanted to unite the peninsula under an ecumenical republic. This proposal was also rejected by the Tosutons who had also joined the Blessed Republic.

During the Turno Tranquilo Esmeira became less interesting with separatism, as the government started to promote a pan-Paretian identity. During this period however an Esmeiran identity rebirth had begun to occur, with the creation of Esmeiran cultural symbolism, including at a world's fair held in Ocerto in 1896. During the functionalist era and Great War, Esmeiran separatist grew again, with the creation of a Republican Esmeiran flag, the Bandera Republicano.

The Esmeiran identity grew immensely during the Republic and the Solarian War. Similarly to it's Tosuton and Visegan counterparts it began to organize in the 1950s into groups, the largest being the Front for Homeland and Liberty, or the FPL, which would engage in terrorist actions during the 1950s and 1960s. It is responsible for being part of joint terror attacks with other separatist groups in this period. It however would come into conflict with Deguitan and Tenorian separatist groups who sought independence from Esmeira itself. The FPL and other groups were crushed by the 70s.

Separatism became less popular in Esmeira in the 1980s and 1990s, but political parties such as Separate! were founded in 1999. In 2022 a revival of separatism across party during the rule of the far-right Popular Victory has lead to the rebirth of the FPL and other groups in Esmeira, mostly being left-wing nationalist in nature.

Deguita

In Esmeira there are also separatist groups that seek independence from Esmeira itself. There are minorities in the east and western reaches of the region, being the Tenorians and Deguitans. The Deguitans are located on the Deguitan Plain and the border with Etruria. Deguita was conquered by Esmeira before the unification of the peninsula by Luzela. Independence movements in these regions have been around for longer than the major regions. Early on during the Paretian War Deguitans would attempt to separate but Luzela would also conquer them.

During the early centuries of Paretia, Deguitans would join the Esmeiran and Tosuton revolts against the Luzelese monarchy, but wanted promises by Esmeiran rebels to be given independence. This lead to conflict between the two groups. During the Pronunciamento these groups came into conflict as Esmeirans attempted to created an Esmeiran Blessed Republican that ruled the Deguitans and Tenorians.

During the Turno Tranquilo the LNRM government would allow the promotion of Deguitan culture. During the functionalist period and Great War, a socialist front of Deguitans formed. They would attempt to join the Esmeiran movement. During the Republic and Solarian War, these groups would have a falling out and come into conflict with each other. The Deguitan movement died out in the 60s, and today is much smaller and mainly seeks to become an independent region from Esmeira.

Tenoria

Tenorians are located around the cities of Larozia and Vallenoche, and also were conquered by the Esmeirans early on. They would join the Deguitans in their fight for independence. They attempted to separate during the Paretian War but failed. Later they continued their push for independence.

During the Pronunciamento the Blessed Republic came into conflict with the Tenorians, who sought independence for themselves. During the Turno Tranquilo their culture saw a revival with government promotion. During the functionalist era, left-wing separatists joined the Deguitans, in the Republic they too would come into conflict with the Esmeiran separatists. During the 1950s their separatist groups would not be able to accomplish much due to their conflict with the Esmeiran separatists.

Tenorian separatism began to fall off in the 1960s. Tenorian culture began to be less promoted during this period. Today Tenorian separatist is less common than Deguitan, and has only recently seen a revival under the Popular Victory government.

Visega

Emblem of Terras Libres, a Visegan separatist group

1991 Paretia Euclean Community membership referendum

Paretia Euclean Community membership referendum
Should the United Kingdom become a member of the Euclean Community?
Location	Paretia
Date	17 May 1991
Results Votes % Yes 13,342,356 7001745200000000000♠74.52% No 4,561,504 7001254800000000000♠25.48% Valid votes 17,903,860 7001999800000000000♠99.98% Invalid or blank votes 4,001 6998200000000000000♠0.02% Total votes 17,907,861 100.00% Registered voters/turnout 22,301,398 7001803000000000000♠80.3%
Results by voting areas   Yes     No
On the map, the darker shades for a colour indicate a larger margin.

Pires with supporters after the referendum succeeds

2022 Tosuton Independence Referendum
Should Tosutonia leave the United Kingdom and become an independent country?
Location	Tosutonia
Date	7 October 2022
On the map, the darker shades for a colour indicate a larger margin.