Konalanese language

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Konalanese
ʻŌlelo Konalani
Pronunciation[ʔoːˈlɛlo ˈko.naˈla.ni]
Native toKonalani
EthnicityNative Konalanese
Native speakers
L1: 30,000 (2020)
L2: 55,000 (2020)
Total: 85,000
Boreaurelian
Early form
Latin
Orientic Braille
Konalanese Signed Language
Official status
Official language in
 Konalani
Language codes
ISO 639-1ko
ISO 639-2kon
ISO 639-3kon
Lang Status 60-DE.svg
Konalanese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the Assembled Nations
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Konalanese (ʻŌlelo Konalani, pronounced [ʔoːˈlɛlo ˈko.naˈla.ni]) is a Orientic language indigenous to the islands of Konalani, where it is an official language. As of 2020, around 30,000 declare fluency in Konalanese as a first language, while an additional 55,000 claim varying levels of fluency in it as a second language. Konalanese is closely related to Taruan, which developed out of Konalanese from the 11th century onwards.

Forming as the language of the Native Konalanese from the 6th century onwards, Konalanese as a living language faced a rapid decline in the 19th century, as the arrival of Anglish and Oharic-speaking settlers displaced the Native Konalanese, alongside a population decline within the indigenous population due to disease and poverty. In 1948, Konalanese was re-affirmed as one of three official languages in Konalani, and since the 1950s has seen a revival in its use in governmental, academic, and private spaces. Despite this growth, Konalanese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the Assembled Nations, one of the few official languages of an internationally recognized sovereign state to be given this designation.

Family and origin

History

Konalanese speakers in Konalani, 2020.

  First language (24.70%)
  Second language (45.27%)
  Non-speakers (30.03%)

Orthography

Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu Hh Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Ww ʻ
/a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /h/ /k~t/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /p/ /v~w/ /ʔ/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive p t ~ k ʔ
Fricative w ~ v h
Sonorant l ~ ɾ

Vowels

Monophthongs
Short Long
Front Back Front Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ ~ e o
Open a ~ ɐ ~ ə
Short diphthongs
Ending with...
/u/ /i/ /o/ /e/
Starting with...
/i/ iu
/o/ ou oi
/e/ eu ei
/a/ au ai ao ae
Long diphthongs
Ending with...
/u/ /i/ /o/ /e/
Starting with...
/o/ oːu
/e/ eːi
/a/ aːu aːi aːo aːe

See also