Kholmatzhon's Rebellion
Kholmatzhon's Rebellion, or the Second Pacification of the Töbedars, was an armed conflict fought between Đại Quến and the Töbedars under the leadership of Kholmatzhon Khan. It began on 16 June 1870 when Kholmatzhon Khan instigated an insurrection against the Imperial Quenminese government from purchasing numerous amounts of Töbedar-settled lands, their policy for Quenminese settlement in the region, and the deliberate Quenminization process. A approximately year-and-a-half-long war ensued, with Bảo Thịnh issuing an edict for their complete suppression. On 2 March 1874, the government achieved their victory at , with Kholmatzhon Khan incarcerated in the Imperial Capital Prison near the capital of Cao Khoát.
This was the final conflict from a set of wars involving the Töbedars and the dominant Quenminese-led government. With the complete destruction of their independent state, the Töbedar nation were immediately stripped of their tributary status and underwent a significant cultural assimilation program as proposed by the Imperial government, where they are required to speak the Quenminese language and compelled to adopt Quenminese customs and culture; although, with Bảo Thịnh's magnanimity, he allowed for them to keep some of their fundamental customs.