Newstead Underground

Newstead Underground
Newesteader undergrundbanen (Borish)

Overview
Owner	City of Newstead
Locale	Newstead, Borland
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	4
Line number	U1, U2, U3, U4
Number of stations	115
Daily ridership	c. 1.3 million (weekdays)
Annual ridership	c. 465 million
Website	www.nst.bo/undergrund
Operation
Began operation	1948
Operator(s)	Newstead City Transit (NST)
Character	fully grade-separated, partially underground
Train length	28–112 metres
Technical
System length	c. 91 km
No. of tracks	2–3
Track gauge	1,500 mm (standard gauge)
Electrification	750 V DC overhead line
Top speed	100 km/h
System map

The Newstead Underground (Borish: Newesteader undergrundbanen) is a rapid transit system in Newstead. It is the largest rail rapid transit system in Borland and the only one which is fully grade-separated. The network consists of four lines and has 115 stations over 91 kilometres.

After opening for tests in 1948, the first section opened for regular passengers on the 3rd of December 1949. The system rapidly expanded until the late 1970s, with few extensions since.

Name

The Newstead Underground is referred to by a variety of names. Official texts use “Newstead Underground” in Estmerish and Newesteader undergrundbanen (“Newsteadʼs underground railways”) in Borish. Colloquially, Borish speakers generally refer to it as metro ([ˈmɛt.ɾo]) “metro” or bane ([ˈbɑːnə]) “train”, whilst Estmerish speakers use “underground” or “metro”. Sometimes, the underground is referred to as T-bane (short for tunnelbanen) or U-bane (short for undergrundbanen and a calque of the Weranian U-Bahn).

History

First plans

The first calls for the construction of a rapid transit system in Newstead date back to the 1900s, as the city had grown a lot during the industrial revolution and congestion had become a serious problem. Planning began in 1921, but was put on halt due to the outbreak of the Great War.

Construction and early operation

Due to post-war reconstruction and the independence process, planning did not resume until 1938. According to the 1940 plan, the metro system would consist of five to six lines, although the plan was changed after construction had begun. In 1942, construction on the first section of the Newstead Underground began. On 11 July 1948, the line from Independence (now: Raadshous) to the Zoological Garden was inaugurated, although it only operated experimentally until 3 December 1949, when regular passenger service on the ten stations between Willemsplat and the Zoological Garden started. Early the following year, on 1 January 1950, the second line opened between Westgate (now: New World) and University, running parallel to the Willemsplat–Zoo line between Independence and University. The Willemsplat–Zoo line was known as A, while the Westgate–University line was known as B. By 1958, line A had been extended to its current termini: Spandaw to the west and Teltaw to the east. The below-ground station at the Zoological Garden was closed and replaced with an above-ground station at the Botanical Garden nearby.

Lines

There are four lines on the Newstead underground, numbered U1–U4.

Line		Stations	From	To	Route	First opened	Last extension
U1		30	Spandaw	Teltaw	Spandaw–Aldenspandaw–Steanfeld–Langenfeld–Lange Strate–Raadshous–Centralstatië–Universitÿt–Botanisker Garden–Rÿkshall–Aldenteltaw–Teltaw	1949	1958
U2		31	Boilen	Treckum	Boilen–Lewenkaster–Gravord–Yoorland–Universitÿt–Ostende–Hewmarket–Newe Werlde–Westende–Lindenstrate–Treckum	1958	1973
U2		26	Boilen	Centralstatië	Boilen–Lewenkaster–Gravord–Yoorland–Universitÿt–Ostende–Hoghstrate–Kerkenstrate–Centralstatië	1958	1964
U3		37	Neweham	Ÿsey	Neweham–Kaldehous–Yestmaar Market–Ost-Ring–Universitÿt–Centralstatië–Raadshous–West-Ring–Newe Werlde–Suiþ-Ring–Stadenhalle–Steanburg–Yestmaar Market–Bringe–Aarenhous–Ÿsey	1950	1969
U4		27	Holpen	Lindenstrate	Holpen–Aldet Þorp–Hayen–Yoorland–Hërden–Norþende–Centralstatië–Kerkenstrate–Hoghstrate–Krossstrate–Newe Werlde–Westende–Lindenstrate	1961	1978
U4		26	Holpen	Stadenpark	Holpen–Aldet Þorp–Hayen–Yoorland–Hërden–Norþende–Centralstatië–Kerkenstrate–Hoghstrate–Krossstrate–Hewmarket–Stadenpark	1961	1978

Future plans

Line	From	To	Route (new stations in bold)	Planned opening
U4	Stadenpark	Stadenhalle	Stadenpark–Brunnenstrate–Middelstrate–Markgravenstrate(–Newemarketstrate–Stadenhalle)	2023
U2/U4	Lindenstrate	Rÿkenfeld	Lindenstrate–Westermark–Hunterstrate–Tellingholtstrate–Treckum–Treckum Centrum–Anstrate–Sportcentrum West–Aldenrÿken Market–Frëvelstrate–Rÿken Centrum–Maddestrate–Rÿkenfeld	2023
U2	Centralstatië	Ranswater	Centralstatië–Norþstrate–Koningsplat–Gradenstrate–Teghenstrate–Ranswater Centrum–Ranswater	2023–2030

The U4 extension to Markgravenstrate will include some services beyond Markgravenstrate to Stadenhalle via Newemarketstrate. The extension did not need new tunnels, as the local tunnels have been used for service trips for decades, although the stations at Brunnenstrate and Middelstrate needed to be constructed. Plans for a station at Middelstrate were included in all underground plans, but plans for its construction were put on halt for budget reasons in 1969.

The U4 extension from Lindenstrate to Rÿkenfeld will come with a shortening of some line U2 services that currently terminate at Treckum to Lindenstrate. NST aims for both the U2 and U4 operating every ten minutes on weekdays between Rÿkenfeld and Lindenstrate, adding up to a train every five minutes. Bringing the underground beyond Lindenstrate into Rÿkenfeld was first proposed in the late 1950s, as construction started on New-Rÿken, one of the largest residential developments that was a part of the new towns policy. Construction started in 1964, although only the section until the S-train station in Treckum was built due to budget issues. However, the streets in New-Rÿken and the street from Treckum to Old-Rÿken were built with space for the underground line to run on the median in mind. Construction on the section from Treckum to Rÿkenfeld did not resume until 1994 and was set to open in 2005, although numerous issues caused delays, with the extension now set to open in 2023 alongside the U4 extension to Markgravenstrate and parts of the U2 extension into the Northend.

The U2 extension to Ranswater is part of a long-planned extension of the line into the Northend. Currently, only the station at Konginsplat is set to open alongside the other extensions in 2023. Under construction since 2007, the extension was initially set to open in 2015, although delays on the U2/U4 extension to Rÿkenfeld caused delays on this extension as well. Plans suggest a branch of the proposed U5 line (Hërden–Middelstrate) to operate from Middelstrate to Ranswater, providing a direct service from this part of the Northend to the southern city centre.

Some plans call for extensions of underground services beyond Newstead city limits, including a U2 extension from Boilen into Millham-on-Leith, an extension of the current Rÿkenfeld extension to the nearby town of Kaven (Cavon) and an extension of the U3 from Newham into Brigge or Fellham. The light rail service from Hërden to Nettenlaar in Manham was initially planned to be an underground line from central Newstead into central Manham. Of these plans, only the extension from Rÿkenfeld to Kaven is being actively investigated by the NST as of 2022.

Infrastructure

Stations

There are 115 stations on the Newstead underground. Of these, all but fourteen stations are below-ground. With the completion of current expansion plans, the network is set to have fifteen new stations, bringing the total number of stations up to 130, of which 20 will be above-ground and 110 will be below-ground.

Besides stations that are currently under construction for the extensions to the U2 and U4, there is only one station that no longer gets regular passenger service: Zoological Garden (Zoologisker Garden). The station was opened in 1948 and was part of the original ten-station line, but closed in 1958, with the opening of line A (now U1) to Rixhall and Teltaw. Advertisements, maps and schedules from 1958 remained ever since and the station has been used as a filming location on several occasions. Dozens of times a day, trains entering or leaving service at the nearby depot pass through the station, although the station is not part of passenger services with the exception of some special services that start at the Zoo station and run onto mainline railway tracks to destinations outside the city.

Accessibility

Since 1990, all new stations built for transit services in Borland have to be accessible under Borish law, with all existing stations needing retrofitting or concrete plans for when retrofitting is set to happen by 2025. None of the exceptions to that law for temporary stations, stations with particularly infrequent or irregular service or stations with particularly low demand apply to the Newstead Underground (unless Zoologisker Garden is counted). In 1995, the NST first published their plans to rebuild or retrofit transit stations in Newstead to comply with accessibility laws, with the Newstead Underground set to fully comply with these laws by 2025 at earliest and 2030 at latest. Between 1998 and 2020, accessible stations were marked on maps and timetables, but since 2021, stations which are not fully accessible are marked instead.

The main focus with stations is to eliminate steps whereever possible and provide alternatives (escalators and lifts) where necessary. From the beginning, most stations on the Newstead Underground were built with the same platform height and distance between the platform and the train, although platforms at nine stations needed to be adjusted for that between 1996 and 2004.

Since 1992, all trains have announcements including the name of the next station and which side of the train the doors will open, with additional announcements for which transfers are available at a station and whether the transfer is a cross-platform transfer. Similarly, many stations have audio announcements alongside visual displays for incoming trains which include the line number, terminus and some major destinations along the route.

For reasons of accessibility, safety and boarding speed, it was proposed to implement platform screen doors on all or most underground stations. However, the different models of rolling stock having doors at different locations resulted in complications. Furthermore, tests with platform screen doors on the Newstead Aeroport shuttle and some of the Westhaven Underground stations ultimately ended government funding for the technology in Borland. As of 2022, there no longer are plans for the implementations of platform screen doors on the Newstead Underground.

Rolling stock

The earliest model of rolling stock used on the Newstead Underground consisted of experimental units based on commuter railway trains. Initially, it was planned to have vehicles be able to run from the underground onto the national railway system, making it necessary that vehicles were compatible, eventhough this rarely ended up happening. These trains were first introduced between 1946 (for testing before the networkʼs official opening) and 1950, with modified versions of these being introduced until 1961. The last trains of this type were pulled from service in 1986. Between 1978 and 1984, almost all trains of the previous models were replaced with standard urban trains, which also was introduced in Stunhill, Westhaven and on the Newstead S-train. All trains introduced to the underground since then have been variations of that model.

Most underground trains in Newstead use a mix of longditudinal and transverse seating, with older models using almost exclusively transverse seating and newer ones using a 50:50 split between the two.