Library:Constitution of Cavala

Preamble

We, the sovereign people of the Second Republic of Cavala, in order to establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Second Republic of Cavala.

Having emerged from the instability of the Cavalan Empire and seeking to address the shortcomings of past political systems, we, the people of Cavala, have come together to establish a representative democracy, combining elements of both parliamentary and presidential systems in a unitary, semi-presidential republic. Our Constitution aims to balance the authority of the executive and legislative branches, ensuring that our government operates efficiently, effectively, and in the best interests of all citizens.

We recognize that the purpose of government is to serve and protect the people, and that our rights and freedoms are inherent and must be upheld and defended. We affirm the importance of individual liberty, freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and the press, as well as equal protection under the law, and we affirm our commitment to ensuring that these rights are guaranteed to all citizens.

In establishing this Constitution, we acknowledge the need for stability and continuity in the administration of justice, and for the impartiality and independence of the judiciary. We therefore establish a system of government that ensures the separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each with its own unique responsibilities, powers, and limitations.

We affirm our commitment to a strong and effective government, capable of securing the rights of its citizens and preserving the stability and prosperity of our nation. We also affirm our commitment to the democratic process, and to the free and fair election of those who lead our government.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names and affixed our seals, this day of the ratification of this Constitution by the people of the Second Republic of Cavala.

Section I: Sovereignty

Article 0: Identity of Sovereignty

The language of the Republic shall be Cavalan.

The national emblem shall be the red, white and green horizontal tricolour flag.

The national anthem shall be Notre Drapeau Tricolore.

The maxim of the Republic shall be "Vive le Cavala".

The principle of the Republic shall be: government run by, and for the people.

Article 1: Definition of Sovereignty

The sovereignty of the Republic of Cavala shall reside in the people, who shall exercise it through their elected representatives and by means of referenda. The sovereignty of the people shall be the basis for the legitimacy of the government and the guarantee of the rights and freedoms of its citizens.

Article 2: Exercise of Sovereignty

The exercise of sovereignty shall be limited by the Constitution and the laws enacted in accordance with it. The sovereignty of the people shall not be exercised in a manner inconsistent with the principles of the Constitution or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

Article 3: Limitation of Sovereignty

The sovereignty of the people shall not be used to abolish the constitutional order or to subvert the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. The government shall have the power to temporarily restrict the exercise of certain rights and freedoms, but only in exceptional circumstances and subject to judicial review.

Article 4: Exercise of Sovereignty by Parliament

The Parliament shall exercise the sovereignty of the people by enacting laws that regulate the affairs of the nation and by representing the interests of the people. The Parliament shall be empowered to make all laws necessary for the general welfare and the protection of the rights and freedoms of the people.

Article 5: Exercise of Sovereignty by the People

The people shall exercise their sovereignty by means of direct or indirect elections, referenda, and the recall of elected representatives. The right to vote shall be guaranteed to all citizens of the Republic who have reached the age of majority, and shall not be abridged on account of race, gender, religion, or any other similar criterion.

Article 6: Exercise of Sovereignty by the President and Prime Minister

The President and Prime Minister shall exercise the sovereignty of the people by implementing the policies and programs approved by the Parliament and by fulfilling the duties and responsibilities assigned to them by the Constitution and the laws of the Republic. The President and Prime Minister shall act in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the Republic, and shall be accountable to the Parliament for their actions.

Article 7: Separation of Powers

The sovereignty of the people shall be exercised through the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. The legislative branch shall make the laws, the executive branch shall implement the laws, and the judicial branch shall interpret the laws and ensure that they are consistent with the Constitution.

Article 8: Protection of Rights and Freedoms

The Constitution shall guarantee the protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals and shall provide for the establishment of independent courts to enforce these guarantees. The courts shall have the power to declare unconstitutional any law or act of the government that violates the Constitution or the rights and freedoms of individuals.

Section II: The President of the Republic

Article 9: Election and Term of Office

The President of the Republic shall be elected by direct universal suffrage for a term of seven years, which shall commence on the day of the President's inauguration. No person may serve more than two terms as President of the Republic. The President shall be elected by a majority of the votes cast, with a run-off election held between the two candidates with the highest number of votes if no candidate wins a majority in the first round. The President of the Republic shall take the oath of office before the Parliament, pledging to uphold and defend the Constitution of the Republic and to serve the people of Cavala.

Article 10: Powers and Duties of the President

The President of the Republic shall be the head of state and shall represent the unity and continuity of the nation. The President of the Republic shall have the power to appoint and dismiss judges and civil servants, subject to the approval of the Parliament. The President of the Republic shall negotiate and ratify international treaties and agreements, subject to the approval of the Parliament. The President of the Republic shall serve as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President of the Republic shall have the power to grant pardons and reprieves, subject to the approval of the Parliament. The President of the Republic shall have the power to call for a referendum on any matter of national importance, subject to the approval of the Parliament. The President of the Republic shall have the power to call for a special session of the Parliament, subject to the approval of the Parliament.

Article 11: Veto Power

The President of the Republic shall have the power to veto laws passed by the Parliament, subject to the override of such veto by a two-thirds majority vote of the Parliament.

Article 12: Impeachment

The President of the Republic may be impeached by the Parliament for high crimes and misdemeanours. The proceedings for impeachment shall be initiated by a vote of two-thirds of the Assembly of Deputies. The Senate shall serve as the court for the impeachment proceedings and shall have the power to remove the President from office upon a two-thirds vote of its members.

Article 13: Presidential Succession

In the event of the death, resignation, or removal from office of the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister shall serve as Acting President until a new President is elected. In the event of the death, resignation, or removal from office of both the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister, the Parliament shall choose a temporary successor by a majority vote. If a vacancy occurs in the office of the President during the final six months of the term, a new President shall be chosen by Parliament to serve out the remainder of the term.

Section III: The Government of the Republic

Article 14: Composition of the Government

The Government of the Republic is the collective body responsible for leading and managing the country, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the laws.

Article 15: Prime Minister and Cabinet

The Government of the Republic shall consist of the Prime Minister and other members appointed by the Prime Minister, who together shall form the Cabinet of Ministers.

Article 16: Powers of the Prime Minister

The Prime Minister shall be elected directly by universal adult suffrage and shall serve as the head of government. The Prime Minister shall have the authority to appoint and dismiss other members of the Council of Ministers and shall be responsible for determining public policy and overseeing the civil service. The Prime Minister shall have the power to negotiate and ratify international agreements on behalf of the Republic and shall have the authority to represent the Republic in its relations with foreign powers. The Prime Minister shall have the power to appoint and dismiss civil servants and judges, subject to the approval of the Parliament.

Article 17: Responsibility of the Council of Ministers

The Council of Ministers shall meet regularly to deliberate on the affairs of the country and shall make decisions by majority vote. The Prime Minister shall have the power to cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie. The Council of Ministers shall be responsible for ensuring the proper functioning of the administration and shall have the power to issue decrees and regulations in order to implement laws and public policies. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers shall be responsible for preparing and presenting the annual budget to the Parliament for approval. They shall also be responsible for ensuring the proper use and management of public funds. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers shall have the power to appoint and dismiss the heads of government agencies and institutions, subject to the approval of the Parliament. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers shall have the power to propose laws to the Parliament, which shall have the power to pass, reject, or modify such proposals. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers shall have the responsibility to enforce the laws of the Republic and to ensure the proper functioning of the administration and the protection of the rights of the citizens.

Article 18: Accountability of the Government

The Prime Minister shall be accountable to the Parliament, and the Council of Ministers shall be accountable to both the Parliament and the President of the Republic. The Parliament shall have the power to dismiss the government by a majority vote of no confidence.

Article 19: Declaration of a State of Emergency

The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers shall have the power to declare a state of emergency in the event of a national crisis or threat to the security of the state. However, such a declaration shall be subject to review and approval by the Parliament within a period of 30 days.

Article 20: Responsibility of the Government

The Government of the Republic shall have the power to regulate the functioning of the civil service, including the appointment and dismissal of civil servants, the establishment of salaries and working conditions, and the regulation of administrative procedures.

Section IV: Parliament of the Republic

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Section V: Judiciary of the Republic

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Section VI: Administative Subdivisions

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