Achysia
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Empire of Achysia  Ghioragon ka Akȳsia | |
|---|---|
 Coat of Arms
| |
| Motto: "Fiat iustitia, ruat caelum!" Let justice be done, though the heaven's fall! | |
Anthem: Awaken thee, Achysian!  | |
Elder Sun | |
 Location of Achysia, in purple | |
 Administrative divisions of Achysia | |
| Capital | Vathora |
| Largest | Akmoryos |
| Official languages | Achysian Elyrian |
| Recognised regional languages | Valentian, Kathic Elyrian |
| Ethnic groups (2016) | |
| Religion | Vayonism |
| Demonym(s) | Achysian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Emperor | Vaeros II |
| Aloyoron Astrikas | |
| Legislature | Imperial Courts |
| Imperial Council | |
| Popular Assembly | |
| Establishment | |
• as the Empire of Hyelodon | 16 April 1353 |
• as the Achysian Monarchy | 16 April 1466 |
• as the Achysian Empire | 16 May 1823 |
• as the Holy Achysian Empire | 1 December 1922 |
• as the Transitional Government | 29 July 1944 |
• as the Achysian Republic | 16 June 1947 |
• as the Empire of Achysia | 16 May 1955 |
| Population | |
• Estimate | 115,134,455 |
• 2018 census | 113,134,455 |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Per capita | 38,456$ |
| HDI (2016) | 0.916 very high |
| Currency | Auroran Orys (Ↄ) |
| Time zone | Auroran Standard Time(AST) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Internet TLD | .ak |
Achysia (Elyrian: , Akȳsia [akysia]), officially the Empire of Achysia (Elyrian: Ghioragon ka Akȳsia) is a sovereign state in Aurora, bordered by Kathia to the west and northwest, by the Elyrian Sea to the south-west, by the Sea of Achysia to the south-east and by the Pelagian Sea to north-east.
The Achysians can trace their ancestry to the Ancient Zathyrians and their League of the Eternal Serpent, which occupied the peninsula of Achysia in the antiquity, and even more to the old Elyrian Empire that conquered them. The origins of the modern Achysian state lie in the Calamity of Elyria and the Century of Discord with the Elyrian-Vayonist rump state of the Vathorian Empire. Under these influences, the Achysian culture slowly developed, and a new Achysian identity was adopted after the Sack of Vathora and the brutal Ardamist Invasions. The reborn Achysian Monarchy was one of the first Auroran colonial powers, and its support of the Haliarchy involved in the brutal Wars of the Faith, where through a short lived personal union with Ichoria, it dominated the continent for a few decades, but it eventually lost the conflict. Relegated to the position of a declining secondary power, Achysia's autocratic regime, despite attempted reforms was unable to resist the storm of the Republican Wars, being conquered by Kathia and rejecting enlightened ideas through the eventual absolutist Great Restoration in 1823. Colonial and military expansion followed,and despite certain defeats and a constitutional compromise, Achysia returned to the position of a great power. Its agressive foreign policies played a role in the era of the Great Wars, and the stalemate of the Armistice of 1919 propulsated the radical Autocrats into power. Their Holy Achysian Empire collapsed after military defeats and a coup in 1944, and as both sides of the Western Auroran conflict had to compromise in front of a common enemy, the Transitional Government oversaw the creation of the democratic Achysian Republic, a period of great reforms and instability that ended with the restoration of a constitutional monarchy in 1955. The end of the Great Wars also led to policies of decolonization and Auroran reconciliation.
Today, Achysia is a unitary constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature and a stable democratic system, albeit a unique one among the other Auroran states due to the limited executive powers still retained by its monarch. It is considered to be a developed state and one of the strongest economies in Aurora, while also maintaining high literacy, life expectancy and education levels. It is one of the most frequently visited countries in the region, being regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural wealth, with countless historic sites inherited from its many historical civilizations. Culturally, Achysia has been a great contributor in the fields of literature, art, music and philosophy, and it is noted for its historic influence for the overarching role of the Faith of the Sixteen.
Achysia is a founding member of the Auroran Community and the World Concordat, and it is also a member of the Elyrian Cultural Union, the Cultural Organization of Achysian-Elyrian States, the Union for the Elyrian Sea and the Pellagian Sea Group. The country is also widely considered to be a great power, but it has been very reserved in its foreign policy, prefering to focus instead on soft power, diplomacy, and international aid.
Nomenclature
The official, constitutional name of the state is the Empire of Achysia (Elyrian: Ghioragon ka Akȳsia). Names like the Achysian Empire and its variations are unofficial, with their usage being actively discouraged by the Achysian state. Several ceremonial names also exist, but they are generally only used to symbolically represent the institution of the monarchy and not the state itself, such as the Radiant Crown and the Sun Throne. The extensive use of the Elder Sun as an emblem by all Achysian states ever since the Middle Ages has also led to the creation of the poetical name of the "Land of the Elder Sun" that is often used to metaphorically represent the nation.
Etymology
The exact origin of the name of Achysia (Elyrian: , Akȳsia) is unknown. It was firstly recorded in the work of the ancient Elyrian geographer Darysion, as the name applied by the Elyrians to the larger peninsula next to them and as the name of the people inhabiting it. It is likely that the name was an exonym, as the people inhabiting it, refered to by modern historians as the Zathyrians, left behind no writings. The name became invariably attached to the peninsula, being adopted by the Elyrian provinces after the conquest, and being retained by the Elyrian rump state that followed the Calamity, becoming ingrained into the developing Achysian national identity.
The legend behind the claims that it was carried by a demigod, the son of the God of the Sun and a mighty Queen, the warrior-king Achysos. The Legends of the Sun-Tyrant describe his feats on Themis before leaving his mortal subjects for the Eight Heavens. However, while these legends might have their origins in the earlier Elyrian mythos, the first written form that was kept comes from after the Calamity, long after the name was chosen, so it is unlikely that the region was named for this figure.
Another proposal theorizes the existence of a proto-Elyrian word "akyse", which could have meant gold, and could have been adopted by the Elyrians after their first interactions with the Zathyrians, who were, as historical records show, placing a great deal of importance on gold as a religious symbol. Other meanings for this potential word have been suggested, but no widespread consensus among historians and researchers has been reached, with some even claiming that "akyse" might have in fact originated in the Zathyrian language, and that it might have been adopted by the Elyrians from there, but the very small of amount of Zathyrian words that have survived to the present day are not enough in order to establish such a fact.
History
Prehistory
The oldest evidence of humans inhabiting the region of the present day Achysia was discovered in the Peștera cu Oase ("Cave with Bones"), where human remains as old as 45,000 years old have been found by archaeologists. Multiple primitive cultures have inhabited Achysia in the prehistory, but the information we have on them is pretty vague.
The first written evidence of people living in the region of present day Achysia comes in 750 BCE, where the Kingdom of Odrysia is mentioned for the first time as a country of the Ancient Achysians.
The Era of the Dawn
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The Empire of Odrysia
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The Elyrian Empire
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The Calamity of Elyria, and the Dawn of Veranium
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The Veranian Empire
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The Fall of Veranium, the Kingdom of Odrysia
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The Holy Monarchy of Achysia
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The Achysian Monarchy
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The Ruina Imperii
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The Holy Achysian Empire
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The Great Achysian Empire
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The Achysian Transition Government
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The Empire of Achysia
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Politics
Monarchy
Governance
The Empire of Achysia is a Federal Authoritarian Constitutional Monarchy, governed on the basis of a multi-party democratic system and the separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. It follows the principle of the Separation of Powers(Achysian: Separația Puterilor), divided between multiple Constitutional Organs and Positions (Achysian: Organe și Poziții Constituționale), which derive their powers from the Imperial Constitution, which was approved in a popular referendum on the 8th of December 1955 after the Restoration of the Monarchy, amended on the 5th of October 1990 and the 1st of May 2005 with several changes. Despite being a democracy and a constitutional monarchy, it is known for its authoritarian tendencies.
The Executive Branch
The Executive Power(Achysian: Puterea Executivă) is entrusted to the Monarch, the Emperor of Achysia, who delegates it on a federal level to the Imperial Government of Achysia (Achysian: Guvernul Imperial al Thraciei), formed by the Council of Ministers (Achysian: Consiliul Miniștrilor) and the position of the Imperial Chancellor (Achysian: Cancelarul Imperial, Elyrian: Cancellarius Imperialis), and on a regional level to the Provincial Governments and Governors. The Emperor proposes the Chancellor, which must then be accepted in a joint meeting of the Imperial Council and the Imperial Senate.
The Emperor
The Imperial Government
The Imperial Cabinet, or the Imperial Government (Achysian: Cabinetul Imperial sau Guvernul Imperial) is the chief executive body of the Empire of Achysia. It consists of the Imperial Chancellor (Achysian: Cancelarul Imperial, Elyrian: Cancellarius Imperialis) and the the Council of Ministers (Achysian: Consiliul Miniștrilor). The fundamentals of the cabinet's organization as well as the method of its election and appointment as well as the procedure for its dismissal are set down in Imperial Constitution.
The Imperial Chancellor (Achysian: Cancelarul Imperial, Elysian: Cancellarius Imperialis) is responsible for guiding the cabinet and deciding its political direction. According to the principle of departmentalization, the cabinet ministers are free to carry out their duties independently within the boundaries set by the Chancellor's political directives. The Chancellor also decides the scope of each minister's duties. If two ministers disagree on a particular point, the cabinet resolves the conflict by a majority vote, known as the Principle of Deference (Achysian: Principiul Colegial). The Chancellor is in charge of the government's administrative affairs, which are usually delegated to the head of the Chancellery. Details are laid down in the government's rules for internal procedures.
The Chancellor is appointed by the Emperor and confirmed by the Imperial Council and the Imperial Senate. If the Imperial Council and the Imperial Diet refuse to confirm the Chancellor appointed by the Emperor, they can propose and elect their own Chancellor, which however still requires the appointment of the Emperor to take office. Following the appointment and the confirmation, the ministers are appointed (and dismissed) by the Emperor upon the proposals of the Chancellor. Eventually, before taking office, the Chancellor and ministers swear an oath in front of the reunited Council and Senate.
The Chancellor also presides over the reunited meetings of the Council and the Senate and plays an active role in supervising the legislative powers of the Council and the Senate. The Chancellor also has a veto power, which can not be used more than once during the term, but which can block any sort of laws or proposals.
The Imperial Government and the Imperial Chancellor can be taken down by a vote of no confidence in a reunited meeting of the Imperial Council and the Imperial Senate with a simple majority being required to win, but with the condition that the group opposing this vote of no confidence would not gain more than a third of the votes, case in which the vote fails. In cases of extreme emergency, the Chancellor can use his veto power to cancel a vote of no confidence, but is forced to justify it in front of the population.
The Legislative Branch
Imperial Council
The Imperial Council (Achysian: Consiliul Imperial, Elyrian: Concilium Imperialis) is a legislative body formed by the delegations of the federal subjects of the Empire of Achysia..The Imperial Council participates in legislation, alongside the Imperial Senate, the directly elected representation of the people of Achysia, with laws affecting state competences and all constitutional changes requiring the consent of the body. For its similar function, it is often described as an upper house of parliament. The political makeup of the Imperial Council is affected by changes in power in the federal subjects of Achysia, and thus by elections in each federal subject. Each delegation in the Imperial Council is essentially a representation of that federal subject's government and reflects the political makeup of the ruling majority or plurality of each federal subject's legislature.
The legislative authority of the Imperial Council is subordinate to that of the Imperial Senate, but it nonetheless plays a vital legislative role. The Imperial Government must present all its legislative initiatives first to the Council; only thereafter can a proposal be passed to the Senate.
Further, the Council must approve all legislation affecting policy areas for which the Imperial Council grants the federal subjects concurrent powers and for which the federal subjects must administer federal regulations. This approval (Aprobare) requires a majority of actively used "yes" votes, so that a federal subjects' coalition with a divided opinion on a bill votes—by its abstention—effectively against the bill. The Council has increased its legislative responsibilities over time by successfully arguing for a broad, rather than a narrow, interpretation of what constitutes the range of legislation affecting federal states' interests.The Imperial Constitution also provides the Council with an absolute veto of such legislation.
Constitutional changes require an approval with majority of two thirds of all votes in Senate and the Council, thus giving the Council an absolute veto against constitutional change.
Against all other legislation the Council has a suspensive veto (Vetoul), which can be overridden by passing the law again, but this time with 50% plus one vote of all Senate's members, not just by majority of votes cast, which is frequent in daily parliamentary business. Because most legislation is passed by a coalition that has such an absolute majority in the Senate, this kind of suspensive veto rarely stops legislation. As an added provision, however, a law vetoed with a majority of two thirds must be passed again with a majority of two thirds in the Senate. The Veto has to be passed with active "no" votes, so that abstentions count as votes against the veto, i.e. to let the law pass.
If the absolute veto is used, the Council, the Senate, or the government can convene a joint committee to negotiate a compromise. That compromise cannot be amended and both chambers (Council and Senate) are required to hold a final vote on the compromise as is. The political power of the absolute veto is particularly evident when the opposition party or parties in the Senate have a majority in the Council, which was the case almost constantly between 1991 and 2005. Whenever this happens, the opposition can threaten the government's legislative program. Such a division of authority can complicate the process of governing when the major parties disagree, and, unlike the Senate, the Council cannot be dissolved under any circumstances. Such stalemates are not unlike those that may be experienced under cohabitation in other countries.
Foreign relations
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Military
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Political divisions
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Geography
Topography
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Climate
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Biodiversity
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Economy
Agriculture
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Energy
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Transport
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Science and technology
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Space exploration
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Water supply and sanitation
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Demographics
Largest cities
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Ethnic groups
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Language
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Religion
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Health
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Education
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Culture
Folk culture and cuisine
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Architecture
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Visual arts
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Music and dance
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Literature and philosophy
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Cinema, animation, and media
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Sports
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National holidays and symbols
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Tourism
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See also
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Notes
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