Sandbox:Mannatiua

Geography

Ecoregions of Mainland Cukobai

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  Putera Inlet, located in the Northwest Ecological Preserve Region in Barupertama District

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  A coffee plantation in the Tikatika region

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  A tributary of the Sungailama River courses through its eponymous rainforest basin

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  A beach on the north coast near Kuala Hangat

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  Saffron being harvested in the Pasebasu lowlands during the dry season

The highest peak in Cukobai, Gunungputih (Mount Bianca) is one of the primary symbols of the country's vibrant ecology, and often features in national symbols, including the National Emblem.

A Koppen-Geiger climate classification map of both the Cukobaian Mainland and Vanugalu.

The landmass of Cukobai is divided between its mainland territory on the continental portion of Lautania and the Vanugalu Islands in the Deris Sea. At 581,875.8 km² (224,663.5 sq mi), Cukobai is the largest country in Lautania by land area. The mainland is defined by five distinct ecoregions, from west to east - the Derisian (or West Cukobaian) Rainforest, Tikatika High Plateau, Sungailama River Basin, the Tanatinggi, and Pasebasu. While the Derisian and Sungailama Rainforests are actually part of a single contiguous rainforest ecosystem which covers 85.9% of the country's continental landmass, the difference in hydrology makes for significant differences in flora, fauna, and ease of access or settlement by humans. The coastal plains on average extend from 15 to 150 kilometers (9 to 93 mi) from water's edge, though significant variability exists.

The Derisian Rainforest region reaches an average elevation of 90 meters (295 ft) above sea level. It is marked by rolling and hilly terrain, and is exceedingly hot and humid, marked by a short dry season, and is home to some of the wettest places in the world. The coastlines contain a number of major settlements, including the nation's capitol, Bandar Cukobai, and plays host to key fisheries and economic zones. Additionally, the Inner Derisian, sometimes considered part of the Tikatika ecoregion, plays host to the bulk of the nation's coffee-growing operations, one of the country's historic exports. While the presence of agriculture has expanded along the western coastlines in recent years, the overall soil topology of this area is poor for continued cropping, as the topsoil, while carbon-rich and productive, is exceedingly thin and vulnerable to excessive tillage or disturbance, and subsoil zones are largely composed of rock and loose, unstructured sediment.

The Tikatika High Plateau rises from the coastal plains at about 650 meters (2,133 ft) above sea level. The alternation between wet and dry seasons are much more even, allowing for a generally comfortable, less humid climate. Soils here are markedly fertile, and hosts nearly all of the country's livestock and grain farming thanks to this and the region's generally level terrain. Historically, most non-coastal settlements have been established here, thanks to its ease of farming and travel.

The Sungailama River Basin is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, composed of a rich riparian landscape with dipterocarp, swamp, and mangrove rainforests. Peat swamp forests occupy much of the basin's northern coastline. Erosion of the region's limestone bedrock by the Sungailama River and its tributaries have carved a number of dramatic features and karst topography, including some of the world's largest cave systems. However, this is considered an older geographic feature of the continent at large, and thanks to this elevation generally reaches 760 meters (2,493 ft) above sea level at its highest, with greater elevations encircling it to the southwest and east giving way to the Tikatika and Tanatinggi highlands, respectively. This rainforest is considered the wettest area in Lautania, and because of that has historically made mass settlement difficult, with key locales being settled along the Sungailama, as its terminus at Belau makes it critical for regional and global trade. While homesteading further inland has been encouraged by the national government, the practice is often faced with fierce criticism from local indigenous communities and conservationists alike, making any serious attempts at settling new areas in the Sungailama for economic development virtually nonexistent in recent decades.

The Tanatinggi highlands are host to the coolest, most temperate regions of the country, and includes the only true mountains, the Tangatatapu Range which mark a portion of the nation's border with Iuliania, as well as only portions of mainland Cukobai that experience snowfall annually. At 4,095.2 meters (13,436 ft), Gunungputih, sometimes referred to as Mount Bianca abroad (especially by Aesculians), is the highest point in Cukobai. Aside from

The Pasebasu is a low-lying, relatively dry region in comparison to the rest of the nation, which extends from the eastern foot of the Tangatatapus into Iuliania. It is the only portion of the country which experiences monsoon rains, and thanks to its placement in a modest rain shadow, does not experience the same degree of humidity that covers the bulk of the national mainland. This region has the smallest coastal area of all Cukobai's ecoregions at only 28 kilometers (17.39 mi) of shoreline, as the coastal swamps of the Derisian-Sungailama Rainforest system reaches its northernmost extent there. Thanks to its extended dry season, a wider variety of crops can be grown here, including the nation's famous saffron fields, as well as Cukobai's only internationally-recognized wine-producing regions.

Government and Politics

Foreign Relations

Main Article: Foreign relations of Cukobai

President and External Affairs Director Rai Puteh during the 2019 Lautania Congress, pictured here with Tribunus plebis in-exile Andrea Ancelotti of Aesculinese Iuliania.

Since its establishment as the sole legitimate government of Cukobai in 1914, the foreign policy of the federation has changed dramatically with their geopolitical situation in order to keep a degree of fluidity on the world stage, though there have generally been a tendency towards three overarching priorities. The first is economic and political solidarity with the nations and peoples of Lautania, especially aimed at encouraging the adoption of republican modes of government and development of diverse, stable societies - which Cukobai attempts to foster through consistently acting as a mediator in contentious political or military issues. A special emphasis is placed on maintaining ties with their main ally in efforts in regional decolonization, Whaeamoe, and outreach to independence movements within the neighboring Aesculinese territory of Iuliania. The second is ensuring the safety of trade in the Deris Sea and the Southern Lautan Ocean, and cooperating with other nations and organizations to curb piracy therein. The third is military non-interventionism, especially outside of Lautania, though the nation does not accept irrevocable neutrality as a viable prospect in world politics. Military resources are primarily devoted to acting towards peacekeeping efforts, disaster relief, and securing of the nation's vital waterways, frontiers, and border regions.

Disputed Territorial Claims

Due to its contentious period of suzerainty in the sphere of the Aesculinese Colonial Empire from 1792 to 1914, the modern Cukobaian Federation continues to seek a return of areas settled by ethnic Dusunpans in Iuliania during the peak of the Sultanate period, which were gradually taken as part of concessions for the War of 1866 and as part of the Belau Agreement at the close of the Second Cukobaian Revolution and reestablished Cukobaian independence. Additionally, the Agreement established the nation of Whaeamoe as an independent republic, though its status as a formerly integrated region of the Sultanate has led some Cukobaian irridentists, as well as anarchist groups within Whaeamoe to seek a reunion of these nations.

Separatist and Irridentist Movements

Internally, ethno-nationalists have sought to carve their own independent states from the Federation, or to rejoin other nation-states, both throughout the history of the nation and presently. Nearly every ethnic community in Cukobai has a fringe movement that has participated towards the completion of one of these aims, though among the most prominent since the establishment of the Federation have been Dusunpan supremacists and Indigenous nationalists.

The Black Days in particular, which rocked the nation in the 1940s and was a major precipitating incident in the reorganization of Cukobai into its modern constitutional form, was instigated by a far-right Dusunpan extremist organization known as the Princely Army which triggered a brief border war with Aesculinese security forces in Iuliania, This exchange was intended to create a new Sultanate in Lautania modeled after the short-lived [X] military junta which existed contemporaneously with the chain of aborted revolts. It is for this reason that irridentist movements for the annexation of Dusunpan-majority regions of Iuliania are often dismissed as fringe (and often dangerous) beliefs for its linkage to the Black Days.

Veigalun peoples, which were often the most targeted by the Princely Army during the Black Days, as well as by centuries of abuse under the Sultanate, felt that the anarchist government as established under the 1910 Universal Declaration of Human Liberty had failed to prevent historic mistreatment by colonial Dusunpans and Aesculinese, and sought to establish their own ethno-states which would remove the offending colonial populations and influences, an effort largely focused on the island of Vanugalu. In 1951, a united Veigalun Liberation Army seized a Black Army weapons cache and dockyard located in Nakeba, prompting the beginnings of the Vanugalu War, a fierce guerrilla campaign which caused significant damage to the economy and reputation of the still-developing Federation. The conflict was brought to a ceasefire and peace agreement following the ratification of the 1953 Constitution, when greater protections for non-Dusunpan minorities and anti-discriminatory educational programs were given high priority under the new government arrangement. However, protests among Veigalun people have endured over the years due to historic underemployment and other economic hardships, as well as land developments which conflicted with the authority of local governments, most notably in and around the Gunungangin region of Vanugalu, where a number of research facilities and tourist areas have been developed over the latter half of the 20th Century. Because of the disdain of the locals for non-Veigaluns, this has become an area rife with anti-federalists, with some theorizing that such attitudes were responsible for the dissapearances and supposed deaths of 60 scientists from Huajiang and the Cukobaian mainland at the Barupertama Observatory in July of 2019.

Constitution

Cukobaian Constitution of 1953
The Revolutionary Committee for National Reform during the signing of the Cukobaian Constitution, July 1953
Original title	Perlembagaan Persekutuan Revolusi Cukobai 1953
Jurisdiction	Cukobai
Created	1 May - 8 July 1953
Presented	July 8, 1953 (1953-07-08)
Ratified	July 8, 1953 (1953-07-08)
Date effective	December 22, 1953 (1953-12-22)
System	Federal semi-direct council democracy under a de facto one-party directorial republic with features of Communalist Anarchism
Branches	Three
Chambers	Bicameral (Combined National Revolutionary Assembly); divided into two houses: the Federal Majlis (Upper House), and National Majlis (Lower House)
Executive	National Directorate led by a President
Judiciary	Federal Arbitration National Arbitration Judicial Commission
Federalism	Federal
Entrenchments	Three
Amendments	Seven
Last amended	August 9, 2002 (2002-08-09) (7th)
Location	Revolution Hall, Bandar Cukobai Federal City, Cukobai
Author(s)	Revolutionary Committee for National Reform (JRPN) Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress (JRPK)
Signatories	All members of the JRPN, JRPK, and the 54 members of the Federal Majlis
Supersedes	First Universal Declaration of Human Liberty Cukobaian Revolutionary Common Law

The 1953 Cukobaian Constitution is the basis for all laws in the United Revolutionary Federation of Cukobai. Developed in the aftermath of the Black Days and Vanugalu War in 1953, the Constitution was developed in recognition of the failings of the original Universal Declaration of Human Liberty and Revolutionary Common Law, as cited by the Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress from their investigations into the causes of the conflicts.

The Committee stated the codes' shortcomings included failures to protect vulnerable and historically-disadvantaged populations, increasing isolation of communities, and a near-inability to adequately coordinate resources and funding on a national or even regional level. Upon their report to the Combined Revolutionary Assemblies in February of 1953, the National Directorate authorized the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee for National Reform, a panel of respected Cukobaian statesmen and political theorists from around the world which was placed in charge of developing a new constitution which "married the spirit and ideals of 1911 with the practical needs of a modern developing society". The resulting document codified and formalized a number of pre-existing legal practices in the Federation, as well as implementing a number of measures to develop its modern form of semi-direct democracy. This kept Cukobai's original mode of council democracy with an emphasis on local government, while also creating the current framework of national government that granted regional and federal-level authorities the necessary powers and procedures needed to effectively govern. Accompanying these political reforms were broad protections for minorities in the country, and guarantees for human rights not originally included in the UDHL of 1914.

Contents

Article VII: Religion

This article asserts that while the Constitution of the United Revolutionary Federation is founded on the principles of Secular Humanism, no official state religion will be enforced, and freedom of worship will be guaranteed to all citizens and residents.

Additionally, historic places of worship of Imantamah will be given special privileges in order to recognize their historic role in the development of Cukobaian culture and its place in the 1887-88 and 1911-14 revolutions. These privileges include:

• Recognition of Imantamah Shrines and Temples as monumental structures and places of cultural significance, receiving the provisioning and support which that entails;
• Days of religious significance across all branches of the faith will be treated as federal holidays;
• Institutions of learning operated under the faith as part of temple complexes may be treated as public schools, receiving the provisioning and support which that entails.

Article XII: Mandate for permanent national, regional, and local public services and agencies

This article defines the compartments of the national, regional, and local governments and the services they are required to provide, as well as the process for organizing and overseeing these compartments.

Article XIII: Symbols of the Revolutionary Federation

Further Information: National symbols of Cukobai

This article defines:

• The National flag;
• The Emblem of the United Revolutionary Federation;
• The National anthem;
• The registry of national monuments which preserve the memory of the Revolutions of 1887-88 and 1911-14, the cultural legacy of the Cukobaian peoples, and the achievements of the United Revolutionary Federation, and provisions for their maintenance;
• Sites of ecological importance to Cukobaian culture and the unique biology of the federation's territories, and provisions for their maintenance

Article XIV: Amendments to the Constitution

Amendments to the Constitution of the United Revolutionary Federation may be proposed by:

• A motion to amend by the Regional Majlis of at least 1/4 of all Districts and Federal Cities in the nation, accompanied by at least 250,000 valid signatures from among the electorate within 18 months of of its presentation to the National Majlis.;
• A motion to amend by members of the National Majlis which achieves a simple majority and subsequent majority vote by the Federal Majlis within 18 months of its presentation;
• A motion to amend via popular initiative, if it obtains valid signatures from at least 15% of the national electorate within 18 months of its presentation.

If one of these conditions are reached, a Constitutional Session of the Combined Assemblies is called, in which both the Federal and National Majlis is required to achieve a supermajority during the session to immediately pass. If this does not occur, the proposed amendment may be put to a national popular vote during the next cycle of general elections, to which it only requires a simple majority to pass. If the proposed amendment is achieved by process of popular initiative, no vote is required during the Constitutional Session, but instead may immediately go to ballot following deliberations in the Combined Assemblies to refine and revise the proposal.

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Equipment

Infantry and Personal Equipment

Pistols

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Cartridge	Details
Mardef SH7		Onza Batisuria	Semi-Automatic Pistol	.50 Action Express	7-Round Magazine. Standard-issue sidearm alongside the Caracal F, added to arsenal in 1999. Favored by special forces.
Caracal F		Onza	Semi-Automatic Pistol	9×19mm Parabellum	15-Round Magazine. Standard-issue sidearm.

Submachine Guns

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Cartridge	Details
Uzi		Onza	Submachinegun	9mm Parabellum	12-Round Magazine. Standard-Issue Submachinegun.

Rifles

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Cartridge	Details
Mardef AR13-B		Batisuria	Bullpup Assault Rifle	5.56×45mm	35-Round Magazine. Standard-issue Assault Rifle. Added to Arsenal in 1999. Can be fitted with various optical sights. Has a notched barrel, capable of accepting under-barrel attachments.
Mardef AR19		Batisuria	Bullpup Assault Rifle	5.56×45mm	35-Round Magazine. Selected as replacement as main service rifle in 2017. Currently utilized exclusively by Special Forces, and slated to replace the AR13 in Marensoald by 2027. May be equipped with suppressors.
Schecter SR-25		Liiduria	Designated Marksman Rifle	7.62×51mm Entente	10-Round Magazine. Designated Marksman Rifle for all Branches of the MPDF.
Mardef NTW-20		Batisuria	Anti-Materiel rifle	14.5×114mm	3-Round Magazine. Equipped to MPA Snipers and to Special Forces Units. Comes equipped with a 8 × 56 Telescopic sight.

Shotguns

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Cartridge	Details
TEDE Striker		Onza Batisuria Habasha	Shotgun	12 gauge	12-Round Rotating Drum Magazine. Standard-Issue Shotgun for MPDF Forces.
Mardef MAG-7		Batisuria	Shotgun	12 gauge	7-Round Magazine. Reserved for Special Forces and Mousquetaires.

Machine Guns

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Cartridge	Details
Negev		Onza	Light machine gun	7.62×51mm Entente	150-Round Ammunition Belt.
Schecter UMP		Liiduria	General purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm Entente	Disintegrating M13 Link Belt with 50-Round Segments linked in-cartridge.

Armor and Motorized

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Amount in Service	Details
Albawma		Onza Batisuria Habasha	Armored personnel carrier	370 in Service	Developed as part of a TEDDE joint research venture in 2012. Primary APC utilized by Peoples' Army, often preferred in Urban Environments and by Military Police Units.
Fahd		Onza	Armored personnel carrier	450 In Service	Has significant defense against anti-tank mines and small arms fire. Primary APC used by Mousquetaires and Home Guard, also utilized by the MPA in Peacekeeping Operations.
VCI-3b		Veleaz Marensoald	Infantry Fighting Vehicle	600 In Service	Primary vehicle utilized by motorized infantry divisions in Marensoald. Improved version of early ASU Infantry Fighting Vehicles jointly developed by Veleaz and Marensoald following their breakup from the Union. Has considerable resistance to anti-tank mines, mortar fire, and other explosives. Additionally hardened against chemical, biological and radiological attacks.
T-72		Veleaz	Main Battle Tank	488 In Service	Main battle tank of the MPDF. Imported in the mid-1980s from Veleaz.

Aircraft

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Amount in Service	Details
Jichonyeusi		Veleaz Marensoald	Transport helicopter	58	Multi-purpose transport helicopter. Highly resistant to small-arms fire.
MD 500		Batisuria	Utility Helicopter	35	A small utility helicopter.
Loftus M-7		Batisuria} Licensed by Template:Country data Federal Socialist Union Veleaz	Multirole Fighter	28	Primary Combat Aircraft deployed. Domestic licensed version of the FSU/Veleazean MiG-21, first produced in Batisuria in 1965 as the M-5. Upgraded in 1988 and again in 1999 to current M-7 variant.
C-19/C-19t Razorjet		Batisuria	Light fighter jet Trainer	21	Only Current Fighter domestically produced. Designated Light Fighter jet. Concurrently developed alongside the C-19t, a stripped-down model utilized as a Training jet chiefly among Batisurian allies.
AT-12 Caballo		Veleaz	Military Transport Aircraft	14	Turboprop Transport and Utility plane utilized by all branches of the BPDF.

Naval Vessels

While most naval craft are utilized by the Batisurian Navy, a significant portion are also utilized for home defense and border security purposes. Such differences in operation are noted. For names of Vessels operated by the BPDF, see Names of Batisurian Naval Vessels.

Car Company

Name	Image	Origin	Type	Amount in Service	Details
Résolu Class		Liiduria Batisuria	Submarine	6	1st-Generation Nuclear-Powered Attack Submarine developed in 1980s by joint Liidurian-Batisurian Development. Currently the smallest Nuclear Attack Sub in service developed to date.
Simba Class		Veleaz	Cruiser	8
Vortex Class		Veleaz	Frigate	10
Bouclier Class		Batisuria	Patrol Vessel	140	Currently deployed for River Patrol use by the Navy, and for Home Guard Harbor Patrols
Varatra Class		Liiduria Batisuria	Patrol Vessel	80 Deployed, 40 Awaiting Completion	Depolyed for Inshore and Coastal Patrols for use by the Navy. Scheduled to replace Bouclier-Class Vessels for all Inshore Patrols by 2028.
Main de Fer Class		Liiduria Batisuria	Mine Countermeasure Vessel	4 Deployed, 6 Awaiting Completion	Largely utilized in patrols in the Atlantic Channel. Developed during the Jhokan War to ensure the conflict in the area did not disrupt regional trade significantly.

Watuunguvu Automotive Group

Type	Public
Industry	Automotive
Founded	December 12, 2012 (2012-12-12) as Watuunguvu Automotive Group Limited June 1, 1959 (1959-06-01) as Watuunguvu-Mwiga Automotive Industry Enterprises December 12, 1960 (1960-12-12) as Mwiga Engine Company
Founder	Lucius Courbet Damián Ureña
Headquarters	Mwiga , Marensoald
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Wijdan Parmar Chukkapali (CEO) Sancho Ureña, Jr. (Chairman)
Products	Automobiles Commercial Vehicles Luxury Vehicles Off-road Vehicles Automotive parts
Services	Automotive finance Vehicle leasing Vehicle service
Revenue	$2.98 billion
Number of employees	432,486 (2017)
Parent	Marensoald Federal Commission for State-Administered Corporations and Assets

Watuunguvu Automotive Group Limited, or simply Watuunguvu Auto (formerly Watuunguvu-Mwiga Automotive Industry Enterprises) is a Marensaise State-owned automotive design and manufacturing company headquartered in Mwiga, with multinational operations primarily centered in other nations in Majula and Arabekh. The company has the highest production output of any automaker in Majula. Beyond standard passenger vehicles, Watuunguvu is also the largest manufacturer of passenger busses in Majula, unique for creating models designed to withstand rough road conditions found in some of the more disparate parts of its home country. This eye for developing for undeveloped areas and those in need for a truly durable vehicle in general has granted it significant global appeal, especially in other less-developed nations.

The origins of Watuunguvu can be found in the early days of the Marensaise auto industry during the immediate aftermath of the Marensaise Long War, where international sanctions on the pre-war minority government forced the beginnings of domestic industry, which were quickly seized as major strategic assets by the budding revolution shortly after the conflict's commencement. Following the war, Watuunguvu was officially founded as the Mwiga Engine Company in 1959 when the Veleazean Regional Industry Minister, Damián Ureña, approved plans to develop a jointly-owned auto company with the young nation, paving the way for the development of the longest-running Marensaise-Foreign Joint Venture in the Industry. Notable brands developed today by Watuunguvu beyond its flagship line include Haboob, a major global off-road vehicle designer, which today is the primary sponsor of the famous Deux-Capitale Rally-Raid, and Flacqadhama, currently the only luxury car designer operating in Marensoald.

Products and Services

Automotive Product Lines

• Tambo - Trucks, SUVs, Station Wagons, Trailers, Commercial Vehicles
• Watuunguvu - Passenger, performance cars, minivans, crossovers, SUVs
• Haboob - Off-road vehicles, Trucks, SUVs, Crossovers
• Flacqadhama - Performance, luxury sedans, convertibles

Parts Product Lines

• Mwigacom - Replacement parts, dealer and customer repair service for Watuunguvu Vehicles
• Mwigacom Performance - Performance aftermarket parts for Watuunguvu Vehicles