1953 Palheim explosion
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 Debris in Palheim following the explosion | |
| Date | 15 April 1953 |
|---|---|
| Time | 10:33 UTC |
| Venue | Palheim Bay |
| Location | Palheim, Eysturamt, Sovar |
| Type | Nuclear explosion |
| Cause | Accidental nuclear detonation |
| Deaths | 192 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 1,056 |
On 15 April 1953, a B-47 crashed at the Palheim Air Base near the town of Palheim in Sovar causing the accidental detonation of one of the stored weapons at the site. The explosion which occurred approximately 3 kilometres outside of the settlement killed most of it's inhabitants along with all of the personnel on the Air Base
The explosion led to the Sovarese government ordering an inquiry into the disaster which found several major structural and technical faults with the site's design and the lack of communication between the Site's operators and the residents of Palheim. The explosion was felt in Sulastad which was 40 kilometres south of Palheim.
In the aftermath of the disaster the Sovarese government declared a state of emergency. Rescue teams were hampered in their efforts by bad weather and radiation from the explosion. In total 192 people were killed, primarily residents of Palheim where 95% of all buildings were either severely damaged or completely destroyed. 60 people at the Air Base were killed immediately including 3 onboard the plane.
Background
Palheim air base
Explosion
B-47 Crash
Explosion and aftermath
About 15 seconds after the plane impacted the Storage Igloo, one of the nuclear bombs inside was detonated. The air base was destroyed immediately and everyone on the base was killed. In Palheim many residents witnessed the explosion and some had been able to take shelter quickly. Students at the town's school were able to seek shelter under their desks. The school would survive the blast and most inside would survive. Most of the casualties came from those who had been in homes constructed next to the coast. Every building on Palheim's coast was destroyed in the explosion.
The explosion generated a 6 metre high Tsunami which struck Palheim several minutes after the explosion killing dozens survivors who were unable to flee. The tsunami was caused by a landslide which the explosion had started. The landslide blocked the route to the Palheim-Vagnstad tunnel alongside a smaller airfield which had survived the explosion. Several fishing vessels which had been in Palheim Fjord were carried out to sea or were thrown into the sides of the Fjord. The tsunami flooded much of the town and drowned several survivors. The effects of the Tsunami were localised in the Palheim Fjord area which allowed rescuers to reach the town by sea.
Much of the town's centre was destroyed in the explosion and caught fire shortly after. Most of the remaining buildings on the town's east side burned down trapping some survivors. The fires from Palheim would start a massive forest fire which would eventually become the largest in Sovarese history. The forest fire combined with the destruction of the Palheim-Vagnstad tunnel which was the main route into Palheim prevented rescuers from reaching the town by land and so a massive naval and air operation began to rescue survivors. Dozens of survivors from the town hiked from Palheim to Vagnstad which was over 15 Kilometres away to get help.
Most of the survivors of the explosion were brought to Palheim's school which was turned into an emergency medical facility for the injured. The Sovarese Home guard was sent to the town and arrived at 8pm due to the damaged infrastructure in the area. According to Photojournalist Peter Úlvurson "the whole village looked like a giant had crushed it with his thumb."
The town's survivors were evacuated on 16 April, many were transported to the Sulastad National Hospital. The uninjured were brought to Vagnstad which received some minor damage from the Tsunami. One of the survivors, Nansý Astradóttir, gave the first interview following the disaster. In her interview she claimed to have seen a bright flash and then a loud crash which threw her across the room she was in. Astradóttir's building didn't collapse and she along with her young child were able to escape uninjured.
The mayor along with many local officials were killed in the explosion as they had been meeting in the town hall which had been destroyed in the explosion. Only one survivor would be pulled from the rubble of the town in the days following the disaster. By 1 May it was declared that everyone who wasn't accounted for had most likely died in the explosion. The final bodies of the explosion were recovered in 1955. Victims of the explosion were taken to a makeshift morgue in Vagnstad to be identified.
Radiation from the explosion was blown out to sea by the gale-force winds the area experienced shortly after the explosion and dissipated in the following days.
Yield
Cause
Casualties
192 people were killed and 1,056 people were injured. All of the victims were residents of Palheim and the surrounding area or were serving members of the Rythenean armed forces. Only 102 bodies were recovered and it is estimated that the remaining victims had been incinerated or swept out to sea in the tsunami. Several of the dead would survive the explosion but die of their wounds a short time later. All 3 flight crew members onboard the B-47 were likely killed on impact with the storage igloo. The remaining 57 at the air base were all killed in the ensuing explosion.
It is estimated that 30% of all survivors in Palheim would later die due to radiation poisoning and cancer.
Damage
Investigation
Relief operations
Reactions
The Sovarese government declared a state of emergency in the region in the aftermath of the explosion. The Sovarese Prime Minister would visit the site a week after the explosion and pay his respects to the dead.
Conspiracy theories
- A widespread theory about the cause of the explosion was sabotage by Sovarese nationalists. The SFS, a separatist terrorist organisation had been responsible behind several small scale bombings before the explosion. In 1974, Fríálvur Viljamson, the leader of the Socialist Party, claimed that the SFS had some role in the crash of the B-47 at the air base. The leader of the SFS at the time, Øssur Danjalson, claimed in an interview in 1975, that the SFS were not involved in the explosion. Danjalson called the theories 'childish' and 'disrespectful'. Viljamson would apologise for his comments shortly after this.
In popular culture
Several documentaries on the explosion have been made including several high-profile documentaries interviewing the town's survivors and rescuers following the explosion. The first was Palheim, which was produced by a Rythenean film crew six months following the explosion.
The explosion is the main focus of the 2020 movie Tann enda which focuses on the survival of several of the town's residents in the immediate aftermath of the explosion. The film has been criticised for dramatizing the event.
Gallery
One of the most famous pictures of the mushroom cloud over Palheim during the beginning of the rescue operations.
The National Bank of Sovar's branch in the town following the explosion.
The outskirts of Palheim were where most survivors were located.
One of the few surviving objects from the Palheim Air Base was recovered following the bombing.
A set of Hangers on the far side of the Palheim Air Base were able to withstand the explosion.
