NA107 Chainbreaker
| NA48 Chainbreaker | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Multirole combat aircraft |
| National origin | Talahara |
| Manufacturer | United Aeronautics Syndicate |
| First flight | 9 March 1998 |
| Introduction | 18 May 2004 |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users | Talaharan Air Corps Tyreseian Workers' Naval Air Service Pulaui Air Force |
| Produced | 1998–present |
| Number built | 589 |
| Program cost | Ⲇ33 billion ($43 billion FY2018) |
| Unit cost |
Ⲇ54 million ($70 million FY2022)
|
| Developed from | NA28 Spirit Wind |
The NA48 Chainbreaker (Takelat: ⵏⴰ48 ⵔⴰⵣⴰⵜⵉⵙⵦⵏⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ; NA48 Razatisensalan) is a twinjet, canard, delta-wing, multirole combat fighter manufactured by the United Aeronautics Syndicate. The Chainbreaker is generally classified as a 4.5++ generation aircraft, and occasionally as a heavy multirole fighter. It is equipped with advanced sensors and avionics with limited stealth design and is capable of engaging in supremacy, interdiction, reconnaissance, close air support, and anti-ship warfare missions.
Developed from the NA28 Spirit Wind, the Chainbreaker was intended to consolidate the roles of the NA28 Spirit Wind and the NA28/36 Sunray in a modern platform. The airframe first flew in 1998, but the development of the aircraft's systems delayed its official introduction to 2004. While primarily a domestic project, the full avionics and sensor suite was developed with a number of foreign resources and technologies.
Following its introduction, the Chainbreaker was marketed for export to a limited number of socialist republics worldwide. The Talaharan Air Corps remains the primary user of the aircraft, in addition to the Tyreseian Workers' Naval Air Service.
Development
The NA48 Chainbreaker was developed from the single-engine NA28 Spirit Wind and shares a considerable number of commonalities with the older aircraft. Despite this, the Chainbreaker is considerably larger and heavier than its predecessors. The design of the airframe was completed in the mid-1990s and production began in 1997. The first test flight took place in May of 1998. After its success, full production of the airframes was commenced that year, though the aircraft was only officially brought into service after the sensors and avionics were successfully selected and installed in 2004.
Origin
After the introduction of the NA28/36 Sunray in 1986, the Talaharan Air Corps relied on three different mainline fighter aircraft, including both variants of the NA28 and the aged NA6 Tiara which had originally entered into service in 1961. By 1990, the Talaharan Air Corps was preparing for the retirement of the Tiara and were seeking to adopt a new modern fighter aircraft with superior multi-mission capabilities and at least some limited stealth design elements for the new millennium.
The United Aeronautics Syndicate received its commission for the project, dubbed the "X50 Fighter Program", later that year from the TCDF Air Corps Logistics and Design Commissariat and an internal tendering process within the Syndicate's design bureau was commenced following Tyreseian endorsement under the Rubric Coast Joint Development Agreement. Reportedly, four designs were evaluated, including wind tunnel testing, at a scale model phase. However, only one design made it to the full prototyping stage to be presented to the Logistics and Design Commissariat in 1997. This prototype from Design Bureau B - Weskera ultimately underwent multiple revisions before first taking flight a year later. The X50 would subsequently be renamed the X48BW after the year of its first flight and entered into full production as the NA48 Chainbreaker.
Production
While the United Aeronautics Syndicate began full-scale production of the airframe immediately after receiving approval from the Logistics and Design Commissariat, the delivery of the planned avionics and sensor suite of the final aircraft was initially delayed owing to the number of parts of devices that had to be sourced from Tsurushima and Wazheganon. As such, the production chain for the aircraft was only finalized in 2003, with the Chainbreaker officially entering into active service with the Talaharan Air Corps in 2004.
Production of the airframes is handled primarily at the United Aeronautics Syndicate Manufactory in Wasif. The avionics suite is assembled domestically at the port of Mutafayil, with a number of components still produced overseas. The avionics suite is subsequently shipped for final installation in Wasif.
Design
The NA48 Chainbreaker is a is a twinjet, delta-wing aircraft with canards to reduce the load on the main wings and to increase the aircraft's maneuverability. The aircraft is ostensibly an upscaled version of the older NA28 Spirit Wind multirole fighter. While the Spirit Wind was powered by a single ZH'N N23Ch11 GAN engine, the Chainbreaker features two of the same engine. The Chainbreaker's wing surface area is approximately 80% greater than the Spirit Wind and the mass of the airframe is approximately 40% greater as well. The ordnance capacity of the newer aircraft is also approximately 50% greater than its elder.
While its general appearance, profile, and ergonomics resemble the Spirit Wind, it has a number of major distinctions. The two most evident differences are the twin-engine configuration and the canards at the fore of the aircraft. These upgrades afford the Chainbreaker significant improvements to speed and manoeuverability despite the increased weight and size of the aircraft. At its inception, the Chainbreaker also had significantly more advanced avionics, though the NA28 fighters have both since been upgraded to a modern standard. Another upgrade over the previous aircraft is the bubble canopy which affords the pilot a greater field of view. Overall, improvements to the airframe allow it to operate consistent at Mach 2.2 and at an altitude of 20 km.
Engines
.JPG)
The ZH'N N23Ch11 GAN is a single shaft turbofan turbojet engine. The engine was originally developed for the NA28 Spirit Wind fighter which equipped a single powerplant. The NA48 Chainbreaker mounts two of the engines in a twin configuration, offering it a significant power improvement. The engine was designed to be capable of reaching Mach 2.5 in a test aircraft. The engine first took flight in 1973 and first went supersonic the next year.
The engine is a single-shaft design, with eight compressor stages. The first three compressor stages were enlargened to permit both high-pressure and low-pressure airflow through the same shaft. The turbine is a two-stage axial design with a low-pressure annular combustor. The principles that guided the design and production of the engine were simplicity and cost-efficiency along with a major performance increase over existing Talaharan engines.
Equipment and sensors
The avionics suite of the NA48 Chainbreaker has three major components. The first is the XW97T2 Sentinel active radar system; the second is the XT10 Guardian electronic warfare suite; and the third is the XT99 Shibainu target tracking system. These components rely largely upon foreign technologies and systems which were imported and integrated into the Chainbreaker's avionics.
The XW97T2 Sentinel is an active electronically scanned array (AESA) multirole radar system. For the first six years of production, the Chainbreaker was equipped with the XW97T0, a passive electronically scanned radar array (PESA). After the introduction of the AESA variant, the entire fleet of Chainbreakers was upgraded.
The XT10 Guardian electronic warfare suite is an onboard internal network that provides vital information to the pilot and defense for the aircraft. The network includes a variety of sensors and computers laid out across the airframe. They include two infrared missile warning sensors; a general missile warning system; a thermographic camera array that provides defensive stealth support for firing missiles undetected; firewalls against external electronic attacks; tracking and localization for infrared homing, radio transmission, and laser-guided threats; radar detection warning, a phased array radar jammer; decoy and chaff dispensers; and a data management and threat assessment computer.
The third major system of the Chainbreaker's avionics is the XT99 Shibainu. The Shibainu system is a target identification and tracker system. This system relies on infrared sensors and a computational tracker to precisely identify and track the movement of targets and friends in the air in a radius of up to 100 km or on the ground in a radius of up to 6 km. The system also uses a laser rangefinder to track distances between a selected target and the host aircraft. This system is used for managing friend/foe identification, for accurately identifying targets prior to engagement, and for passive reconnaissance and incoming threat detection.
Armament
The NA48 Chainbreaker has the same gun configuration as the NA28 Spirit Wind, with dual electrically-operated 30×150mm seven-chamber SK30T1 revolver autocannons, each loaded with 125 rounds. The autocannons have three firing modes: continuous fire, 0.5-second burst fire, or 1-second burst fire. The rate of fire can also be changed between air-to-ground modes (300 or 600 rounds per minute) and air-to-air modes (1,500 or 2,500 rounds per minute). In continuous mode at the maximum rate of fire, the aircraft's ammunition reserves can be depleted in 6 seconds.
In terms of unguided munitions, the NA48 Chainbreaker can be armed with both rocket pods and general-purpose bombs. The rockets are typically 68 mm ZA6T1 unguided rockets which are mounted in pods of 18. These rockets were originally designed as an intermediary between lighter air-to-air rockets and heavier air-to-ground rockets, but in modern service they are only considered suitable for the latter role. The general-purpose bombs which the Chainbreaker is equipped with are typically XGA32T0 low-drag bombs. These bombs are unlicensed copies of a Latin-Belfrasian design and each bomb contains approximately 87 kg of explosives. The maximum quantity of bombs that the Chainbreaker can carry is 27.
The guided-missile loadout of the Chainbreaker can vary substantially according to its mission. For air superiority, the aircraft is typically outfitted with a large number of 0T1 White Night air-to-air missiles and drop tanks to ensure combat stamina. For anti-ship missions, the AM39T2 Shipbreaker air-to-surface missile and precision-guided missiles are common. For close air support missions, the Chainbreaker can be equipped with any number of precision-guided munitions, cruise missiles, anti-armour missiles, unguided munitions, and ground coordination systems. For reconnaissance missions, the Chainbreaker's armaments are generally minimized in favour of a recce pod that mounts cameras and sensors to map terrain and assess targets, in addition to drop tanks for endurance and range.
Variants
- X48BW
- 1998: Prototype airframe
- NA48
- 2003: First production model with complete avionics suite
- NA48T1
- 2010: PESA radar system replaced with AESA radar
- NA48T2
- 2015: Multi-function display and cockpit ergonomics upgrade
- MP98PK
- 2016: Pulaui manufacture designation, constructed to the same standard and classified in service identically to the NA48T2
- X48/70
- 2020: Prototype two-seat variant
Operators
Pulau Keramat- Pulaui Air Force - 335 aircraft in service. An additional 25 aircraft are to be delivered. The Chainbreaker was adopted as Pulau Keramat's primary fighter aircraft in 2008. The first 205 aircraft were manufactured wholly in Talahara. In 2016, licensed production facilities in Pulau Keramat were opened to increase the rate of production.
Talahara- Talaharan Air Corps - 182 in service with another 90 planned to replace existing NA28 Spirit Wind aircraft in service before 2030. The replacement program is anticipated to be completed ahead of schedule.
Tyreseia- Tyreseian Workers' Naval Air Service - 72 in service across six squadrons.
Specifications
General characteristics
- Crew: One
- Length: 18.7 m (61 ft 4 in)
- Wingspan: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
- Height: 5.8 m (19 ft 0 in)
- Wing area: 73 m2 (790 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 10,600 kg (23,369 lb)
- Gross weight: 20,100 kg (44,313 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 24,500 kg (54,013 lb)
- Fuel capacity: approx 11,000 l (2,900 US gal; 2,400 imp gal) internal fuel
- Powerplant: 2 × ZH'N N23Ch11 GAN afterburning turbofan engines, 64.3 kN (14,500 lbf) thrust each dry, 95.1 kN (21,400 lbf) with afterburner
Performance
- Maximum speed: 2,445 km/h (1,519 mph; 1,320 kn) max level speed
- Maximum speed: Mach 2.3
- Maximum sustained speed: Mach 2.2
- Approach speed: 260 km/h (160 mph; 140 kn)
- Range: 2,000 km (1,243 mi; 1,080 nmi)
- Combat range: 1,850 km (1,150 mi; 999 nmi) plus, with external tanks and recce pod
- Service ceiling: 20,000 m (66,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 305 m/s (60,000 ft/min)
- Time to altitude: 15,000 m (49,213 ft) (M2) 3 minutes
- Wing loading: 220 kg/m2 (45 lb/sq ft) at combat weight
Armament
- Guns: 2 × 30 mm autocannons with 250 rounds of ammunition
- Hardpoints: 13 with a capacity of 9,500 kg (20,900 lb),with provisions to carry combinations of:
- Rockets: up to 4 x 18 rocket pods
- Missiles:
- Air-to-air
- 0T1 White Night air-to-air missile
- 66T1 Black Night air-to-air missile
- Air-to-surface
- 24T1 Sunburst air-to-ground missile
- AM39T2 Shipbreaker anti-ship missile
- ET0 Dark Sky cruise missile
- 30T0 Falcon MCLOS missile
- 50T0 Sabre precision-guided munition
- Air-to-air
- Other:
- up to 3 x 2,500 l (660 US gal; 550 imp gal) drop tanks
- FLIR pod
- Recce pod
- Laser designator pod
- Bombs: up to 27 x 227 kg (500 lb) bombs
Avionics
- XW97T2 Sentinel AESA radar
- XT10 Guardian electronic warfare suite
- XT99 Shibainu tracking system
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era