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Tsabratan Convention

Tsabratan Convention

Convention for the Prohibition of Weapons of War Utilizing Biological Toxins, Radiological Materials or Noxious Chemicals
Drafted	1 August 1990
Signed	2 August 1990
Location	Tsabratan, Tyreseia
Effective	1 January 1993
Condition	Ratification by X states
Signatories	X
Parties	X
Depositary	Government of Tyreseia

The Tsabratan Convention, known officially as the Convention for the Prohibition of Weapons of War Utilizing Biological Toxins, Radiological Materials or Noxious Chemicals, is a comprehensive treaty prohibiting the use, manufacture, and possession of radiological, chemical and biological weapons in armed conflicts. The Convention also expanded protections for prisoners of war and non-combatant forces based on previous treaties on international law. It was signed on 2 August 1990 in the city of Tsabratan, Tyreseia. The Convention's provisions are upheld by the Forum of Nations' Conference for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, and is considered part of customary international law.

The Tsabratan Convention prohibits any "weapons dispersing or otherwise carrying agents of biological toxin, bacteriology, virology, or other hazardous lifeforms... [and] chemicals or radioactive materials which act as liquids, gases, or particulates which asphyxiate, poison, intoxicate, inhibit the nervous system or otherwise create undue harm." The wording of this prohibition is deliberately broad, and is meant to include all forms of chemical and biological warfare within it. The Convention also prohibits any and all production or possession of these weapons. A number of nations negotiated and ratified the Convention; some other states, such as X and Y, have acceded to some of the articles of the Convention but with "reservations" on others.

Background and negotiation

The topic of chemical and biological warfare had been contentious throughout the 20th century, and previous international conferences had attempted to prohibit their use. The X Conference in the wake of the Hanaki War was the first such summit to attempt to rectify the issue. However, the protocols arising from these summits often failed to resolve key issues, such as X and Y.

The eight-year-long Ninvite War saw the use by both Charnea and Fahran of chemical weapons against state and non-state combatants alike.

State parties

Reservations

Numerous states, rather than ratifying the demands of the Convention in full, choose to accede to only some parts of the Convention.

Party	Type	Signed	Deposited	Reservations	Notes
Tyreseia	Ratified in full	2 August 1990	3 August 1991	—	Depositary