Camia

Republic of Camia Camia, 昭昌
Motto: Vi(s) et voluntas/tes (by) strength and will
Anthem: Blood of our forefathers
Map of Camia
Capital	Cooking / Tiung-kyaeng (中京)
Official languages	Tyrannian, Shinasthana
Demonym(s)	Camian
Government	Unitary presidential republic
• President	A.B.
• Vice President	C.D.
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Commons
Independence from Themiclesia  (Sept. 29, 1703)
• Din dynasty established	Jan. 5, 1701
• First Republic established	Oct. 3, 1757
• Second Republic established	Mar. 21, 1799
• Military dictatorship	Feb. 29, 1872
• Second Republic restored	Feb. 5, 1893
Population
• 2017 estimate	19,254,200 (31)
• Density	69/km2 (178.7/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2018 estimate
• Total	$758,394,000,000 (36)
• Per capita	$39,894 (17)
GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
• Total	$690,188,000,000 (31)
• Per capita	$36,315 (21)
Currency	hyan (緍) (HYA)
Time zone	UTC+2
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd
Driving side	right
Calling code	+3
Internet TLD	.cm

The Republic of Camia is a country on the western coast of the Halu'an Sea, in the western part of the continent Hemithea. It borders Suularko to the north and Novnoebiya to the west. The county has 19.25 million inhabitants, and its capital city, Tiung-kyaeng, is situated to the northeast.

Name

The capital city's name, Cooking, is an imprecise transliteration of the Themiclesian name Tiung-kyaeng (中京, lit. "middle capital"). Tiung-kyaeng was originally named Yen-k'ang (延康, lit. "prolong prosperity") under the Din Dynasty and the First Republic. It is a popular myth that the original name references the name of the Themiclesian capital Kien-k'ang (建康, lit. "establish properity"), signifying a cultural tie with Themiclesia, the metrepole of Camia during the colonial period. But Yen-k'ang, long before being capital city of Camia, already bore that name, so it is unlikely this name was chosen to depict Camia as a successor to Themiclesia. Nevertheless, this myth was taken as fact during the Revolution of 1799 and changed to Tiung-kyaeng, to sever the semantic connection to Themiclesia.

History

Themiclesian administration

Under the direction of Emperor Tjaw-mjen (孟昭文帝, mrangs-tjaw-mjen-tis) of the Meng Dynasty (孟, 543–752), Themiclesia began to fortify the trade routes its merchants treaded, establishing several fortifications along them. During this period, these fortifications did not, generally, attempt or imply control over territory beyond the routes. In the following Dziai Dynasty (齊, 752–1020), these fortifications were used to establish military dominance over aboriginal societies in their vicinities; in 815, a marshalling of all fortresses' soldiers in one expedition overwhelmed the aboriginal coalition decisively at modern-day Keuruu, which affirmed Themiclesia's political dominance over the continent. In reference to contrasting architecture, they named Themiclesians as the "People of the Wide House". Later in the Dziai Dynasty, the continent was split into two regions; the area east of the Camian Mountains was called the Left, and west of it, the Right. In contrast with the Meng policy of appeasement and gift-exchanges, the Dziai regarded any non-submitting aboriginals as non-human and permitted its soldiers to do whatever they liked with them; since these soldiers were mostly violent (or even organized) criminals, disputes regularly occurred between them, merchants, and aboriginals.

The aggressive policy and poor conduct of Themiclesian soldiers encouraged alliances to form between aboriginal societies and the emergent Hallian settlers, who were more willing to interact as peers and with less coercion.

Politics

Camia is a unitary, presidential republic. The president is directly elected by electors under universal suffrage and serves fixed-length terms of six years; there are no statutory limits on how many terms a president may serve consecutively or in total. The candidate with most votes becomes president, regardless of the actual share of votes he receives. A candidate for the presidency must be at least 40 years of age and an elector. The vice president is elected by the Senate in tandem with the president and serves the same term; each senator has one vote, and the candidate must also be a senator. The candidate that receives a majority of senatorial votes is elected; if no candidate receives a majority, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and another vote is held, and so forth, until a vice president is elected. The incumbent vice president may not seek re-election, though this is a rule established by the standing orders of the Senate, rather than statute. The president is head of state and government, issues ordinances (secondary legislation), appoints civil and military officers, and oversees the executive branch.

The legislature of Camia is bicameral, with a higher house called the Senate and a lower house called the House of Commons. The terms "higher house" and "lower house" are statutory. Each of Camia's 17 prefectures elects one senator for life, though some senators have retired early to make way for new elections, which is believed to be more democratic. As a senatorial term technically is for life, senators-emeriti may not seek re-election to the Senate. The House of Commons is composed of members elected under the first-past-the-post system in single-seat constituencies, each with around 100,000 people. Members serve terms of three years, and there is no limit on re-election. Both houses are co-equal in their powers, except the Senate may not propose or reject bills of supply. Bills must otherwise obtain the support of both houses to become statute.

The judicature of Camia consists of the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court, and other courts. Judges and masters (a class of officials who maintain court records) are appointed for life and protected against arbitrary dismissal and reductions in remuneration by the executive; however, they can be imprisoned by higher courts for misbehaviour, without losing their status or income as judges or masters. Statutes maintain that certain qualifications are necessary for the bench, including standards of personal character; the Senate has power to determine if a candidate's personal character is faulty, if the House of Commons requests it. The Supreme Court has original and appellate jurisdiction in all civil and criminal suits, while the Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction over the Supreme Court. In certain cases where the Court of Appeal rules that statutes are unclear, the question may be reserved for the Senate, which may resolve the question by a simple majority. The Supreme Court has three benches of six justices each; each case heard by the Supreme Court is decided by one bench. If an appeal is sought, the two benches uninovlved in the present hearing compose of the Court of Appeal.