Demographics of the Federation of Soviet Republics

Demographics of Federation of Soviet Republics
Population	321,610,560
Growth rate	0.08% (2017)
Birth rate	12.1 births/1,000 population (2017)
Death rate	12.0 deaths/1,000 population (2017)
Life expectancy	75.70 years (2017)
• male	71.51 years
• female	79.64 years
Fertility rate	1.73 (2017)
Infant mortality rate	5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017)
Net migration rate	1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014)
Age structure
0–14 years	19.4%
15–64 years	67.2%
65 and over	13.4%
Sex ratio
Total	0.87 male(s)/female (2009)
At birth	1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years	0.925 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.47 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	noun: Soviet(s) adjective: Soviet
Major ethnic	Letnevian, Kalvian
Minor ethnic	Voldurian, Razani, Rovak, Voslavian
Language
Official	Letnevian, Kalvian
Spoken	Letnevian, others

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1908	283,280,000	—
1926	298,430,000	+5.3%
1939	308,620,000	+3.4%
1959	297,430,000	−3.6%
1970	305,610,000	+2.8%
1979	309,950,000	+1.4%
1989	314,300,000	+1.4%
2002	315,650,000	+0.4%
2010	318,500,000	+0.9%
2018	321,610,000	+1.0%

The demographics of the Federation of Soviet Republics is about the demographic features of the population of the FSR including population growth, population density, ethnic composition, education level, health, economic status and other aspects. As of January 1st, 2017, the population of the Federation is 321,610,560. Compared to the previous year, the population increased in 2017 by 89,300.

National Demographics

Since the 1908 inclusion of Kalvia in the Federation of Soviet Republics, the Federation's population has steadily grown at a rate between .04% and .15%, with an exception made for the years of 1938-1943- the wars in which the Pan-Septentrion War was fought. The post civil war era and post Pan-Septentrion war era both saw marginally better growth rates, while the economic downturns saw national average growth rates crawling to a slow .04%. From 1919-1931, the Federation had the highest fertility rates in the world- this was greatly offset by the massive civilian and military losses in the Pan-Septentrion War.

The Federation has a population of 71.23 citizens per square kilometre, with much of the population highly urbanized and situated in the southern, coastal, warmer parts of the country. Nearly 76% of the population is urbanized, making the Federation a highly urbanized country. The capital, Turov, is the largest city in Casaterra, with 14,814,360 people within city limits as of 2017.

Demographic Concerns

The demographic crisis in the 1990s, believed to have been mostly caused by the 1990s economic crisis, was an issue of great concern to the Federation in the 1990s and early 2000s. Soviet Premier Zhukov said in 1998 that "The demographic crisis is a direct result of poor economic policy, and will be solved by fixing the root cause: the economy." Government measures to counteract the demographic issues began in 1996, and a number of policies aiming to both increase the birth rate and provide more accessible health care to citizens helped reverse the downturn in population growth.

The natural population decline halted in the middle of 2004, and reached a peak of .11% growth in 2009 before settling at roughly .07% in 2012. The Ministry of Health reported in 2007 that the demographic crisis had been "halted", lauding the couples of the country for "completing their national duty by having children."

Health

Life expectancy for males in the Federation of Soviet Republics is 71.51, while the female life expectancy is 79.64. This discrepancy is the highest in the world, with women living on average 8 years longer than men. Reasons for this are often cited as being dangerous work, a cultural tendency for violence, heavy drinking among males, and a cultural belief in "male toughness". The life expectancy for males, however, is rising, partly due to an increasing amount of government attempts to decrease drinking and violence in the country.

According to the Ministry of Health, roughly 30% of married women in the Federation use hormonal and intrauterine contraception methods- however, abortion rates are reported as being extremely low, as the government highly discourages abortion and there is a large social stigma attached to the act. While contraception is highly discouraged by the state-sanctioned Orthodox Church, the government began policies of encouraging couples not seeking children to use contraceptives in the early 1970s, in an attempt to discourage abortion in the country.

Ethnic Groups and Composition

According to the 2016 census, ethnic Letnevians make up 62% of the population, with 199,398,000 identifying as ethnically Letnevian on the census in 2016. The second largest ethnic group is made up of Kalvians, which are highly concentrated in the Kalvian Soviet Republic (KSR) in the southwest of the country. Kalvians make up 21% of the total population, with nearly 67,538,000 citizens identifying as ethnically Kalvian in the 2016 census. These two groups make up the majority of the country's population, and often are representative of the country's image abroad.

Kalvians in national dress, 1907

Minority groups in the Federation include Razani (7%), Rovak (4%), Voldurian (2%), and Voslavian (2%). Many of these ethnic groups are very highly concentrated in their respective Soviet Republics, especially the Rovak population, of which 98% lives in the Northern Rovak Soviet Republic.

Religions

The Federation of Soviet Republics only officially recognizes the Letnevian and Kalvian Orthodox Churches as traditional religions of the country. The country has a very high percentage of both practicing and non-practicing believers, and many people only nominally identify with a religion. It is estimated that approximately 30% of the Soviet population actively worships in the Orthodox Church, and only roughly 13% of those are considered "strongly religious". Many non-religious Letnevian and Kalvian citizens identify with the Orthodox faith for cultural reasons. Protestantism made it's way into the Federation in larger numbers in the 1980s, when the Federation allowed more foreign citizens to live in the country. The various Pagan faiths are widely considered to be suppressed within the Federation by state authorities, and less than 1% of the population subscribe to Pagan faiths (mostly in remote areas).

Religious Affiliation in the Federation of Soviet Republics
Religion			Percentage
Orthodox Christian			86.4%
Protestant			2.6%
Irreligion			8.5%
Pagan			1%
Other religions			1.5%