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{{Infobox language
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| name            = Emerstarian
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Latest revision as of 05:02, 1 October 2020

Emerstarian
Emerish
Emersk
Emerstarian manuscript from AD 1272
Emerstarian manuscript from AD 1272
Pronunciation/ˈɛmɛrsk/ or /ˈɛmɛrʃ/
Native toEmerstari, Green Union, Phoenixia
RegionScania
EthnicityEmerstarians
Native speakers
89,000,000 (2035)
Estelian
Early forms
Standard forms
Kuingsspråkinghus
Roman script
Official status
Official language in
Emerstari
Language codes
ISO 639-1emr
ISO 639-3
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Emerstarian (Emersk /ˈɛmɛɹʃ/) is a North Scanian language spoken by approximately 89 million people, predominantly in Emerstari, but also in its former territories like Fyrland and Soumeland as well as by ethnic enclaves of Emerstarians in Phoenixia. It is largely mutually intelligible with its neighboring languages, such as Coelanish, Ermanish, and Saurish. It is also related, however more distantly, with most of the other languages across Scania.

Emerstarian is not a gendered language and has comparatively fewer inflections than its predecessors. It is generally a SVO language, and it has three grammatical cases: subjective case, objective case, and possessive case. There are two grammatical numbers: singular and plural.

Official status

Regulatory bodies

The Kuingsspråkinghus (King's Language House) is the official regulatory body for Emerstarian, recognized by Emerstari with authority throughout the Emerstarian Empire. Additionally, it claims authority outside of the Empire as well. The body, founded by Olaf III Aleksender in 1779, began to publish an annually-released dictionary in 1826, known as the Kuings Ordbok. It also releases many books on grammar, spelling, and style in the Emerstarian language. Twenty-two dialectal groups are recognized by the Kuingsspråkinghus.

Phonology

Consonants

Place Labial Coronal Dorsal
Nasal m n ŋ ʔ
Stop p b t d k ɡ
Sibilant affricate d̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricate p̪f
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ
Non-sibilant fricative f v ð θ x χ h
Approximant ɹ ɻ j
Tap/flap ɾ ɽ
Trill r
Lateral approximant l

Vowels

Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i ʉ u
Near-close ɪ ʏ
Close-mid e ø o
Mid ɛ ə ɔ
Open-mid æ ɜ ʌ ɔ
Near-open ɐ
Open ä ɒ

Grammar

Nouns

Emerstarian nouns and adjectives are declined in number. For example, the word fisk ("fish") can have the following forms:

Singular Plural
Indefinite form fisk fisk
Definite form fiskett fisketter

The definite singular form a noun is created by adding the suffix ett or tt depending on if the noun ends in a vowel or not. The definite articles der (neuter), dejr (masculine), den (feminine), det (singular), and de (plural) are used for variations to the definitiveness of the noun. They can double as demonstrative pronouns or demonstrative determiners when used with adverbs such as har ("here") and dær ("there") to form der/det har ("this"), de dær ("those"), and de har ("these"). For example:

  • det har fisk means "that fish" and refers to a specific fish;
  • fisketter is less definite and means "the fishes";
  • fiskett means "the fish".

Plurals

There are two different types of regular plurals: Class 1 forms the plural with the suffix -(e/a/o)r (indefinite) class 2 forms the plural with the suffix -(e/a/o)tter (definite).

Most irregular nouns take an ablaut plural (with a change in the stem vowel) such as øje, the plural of ege ("eye").

Adjectives

Adjectives are infelced in two declensions, — indefinite and definite, — and they must match the noun they modify in number. The indefinite forms are usually formed by adding a suffix (-t or -a) to the common form of the adjective. For example, en gul hund ("a yellow dog") and gula hunder ("yellow dogs"). The definite form of an adjective is identical to the indefinite form: der gul hund ("the yellow dog") and de gula hunder ("the yellow dogs").

Verbs

Emerstarian verbal forms
infinitive Present Past
å være
to be
ar
is/are/am
var/vijr
was/were
å se
to see
ser
sees
sy
saw
å veda
to know
vedar
knows
vedt
knew
å återkalla
to remember
återkallar
remembers
återkalladt
remembered
å glomma
to forget
glommar
forgets
glommadt
forgot

Emerstarian verbs are morphologically simple, marking very few grammatical categories. They do not mark person or number of subjects. Verbs have a past, non-past and infinitive form, past and present participle forms, and a passive, and an imperative.

Pronouns

Emerstarian pronouns are similar to those of English. Besides the two natural genders, han and hen ("he" and "she"), there is also a grammatical gender, usually termed as neuter: der and det.

Emerstarian also uses third-person possessive reflexive pronouns that refer to the subject in a clause:

  • Katarin giver Anne sign bok. ("Katarin gives Anne her [Katarin's] book.")
  • Katarin giver Anne hens bok. ("Katarin gives Anne her [Anne's] book.")

Possession

Possessive phrases are formed with the enclitic -s, for example, min faders hus ("my father's house") where the noun carries the possessive enclitic. However, in longer phrases, the last word of the phrase will receive the -s: der Kuing av Emeriges bok ("the King of Emerstari's book").

Syntax

Emerstarian syntax is predominantly SVO with the subject of the sentence coming first, the verb coming second, and the object after that. However, it possesses qualities of VSO and VOS; the former is primarily used in questions, and the latter is primarily used for literary purposes.

  • Jeg åter fisk ideg.
    • I eat fish today.
  • Viljar du å drikke kaffe nu?
    • Want you to drink coffee now?
  • Elsker ham, hen dor.
    • Love him she does.

Numerals

Numbers from 0 to 20 in Emerstarian
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
null ett tva tred fyrra fom seks sjuv atten njon tjo elva tolv tratjon fyrtjon fomtjon sekstjon sjutjon attentjon njontjon tvantjo
Numbers from 16 to 30 in Emerstarian
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ettågtvantjo tvaågtvantjo tredågtvantjo fyrdågtvantjo fomågtvantjo seksågtvantjo sjuvågtvantjo attenågtvantjo njonågtvantjo tredtjo