Drawing room (Themiclesian railway)
| Drawing room | |
|---|---|
_(14780232083).jpg) National Rail /2 drawing room car interior | |
| Manufacturer | LTCW National Rail |
| Constructed | MTO: 1858 – 1910 NR/2: 1910 – 13 NR/3: 1919 – 37 NR/5: 1956 – 64 NR/6: 1992 – 94 |
| Number built | approx. 190 |
| Capacity | MTO: 16 – 36 NR/2: 20 NR/3: 20 NR/5: 22 NR/6: 24 |
| Operator(s) | National & Maritime Themiclesian Northern |
| Specifications | |
| Car length | 60 ft (wood-body) 75 ft (NR/2) 85 ft (NR/3, /5, /6) |
| Width | 10 ft 10 ft 6 in (NR) |
| Height | 14 ft (NR/2, /3, /5) 14 ft 6 in (NR/6) |
| Entry | 2 steps (NR/2, /3, /5) level (NR/6) |
| Doors | 2 |
| Bogies | 3-axle (NR/2, /3) 2-axle (NR/5, /6) |
| Braking system(s) | Air |
| Coupling system | Knuckle |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1.435 m) |
A drawing room car (各廷車, krāk-līng-tla) is a standard carriage type found on many Themiclesian railways, commonly as part of a first class service. It was introduced in the mid-1800s and, under National Rail, replaced compartment coaches in that class. It is characterized by plush seats in a 1+1 configuration along the length of the carriage and typically contained amenities like smoking rooms, air conditioning, and service.
Summary
While early coaches in Themiclesia up to about 1880 were usually in the compartment style, Lower Themiclesia Coach Works introduced and popularized a "drawing room car" styled after drawing rooms in grand houses, typically used for formal reception of guests. LTCW's early works drew from saloon cars typically used by dignitaries and railway directors but came to adapt elements of the drawing room that suggested of conviviality, which the manufacturer found enclosed compartments, often awkwardly shared with strangers, lacked.
The earliest drawing room cars were often used as chartered vehicles, much as saloon cars were, and not all railways distinguished between them. In the 1870s, drawing room cars became increasingly common over first-class compartment cars manufactured by other coachmakers. The layout enabled attendants to provide services for all passengers in the coach, which would be impossible with compartment-style coaches. Railway historian Martin Pik said that "the drawing room was as much travelling accommodation as a service that mimicked grand, stationary homes."
National Rail in 1913 ordered 20 drawing rooms from LTCW to replace its ageing rolling stock and to fulfil its legal obligation to provide three classes of service on all its main lines. This fleet of 20, built to Series 2 specifications, became the first iteration born of a standardized pattern of drawing room cars, in contrast with earlier examples that were more elaborate with unique artwork. In the 1920s, National Rail moved towards an all-steel fleet on its express trains, now called Series 3. As Series 4 and 4b were manufactured during wartime and the reconstruction era, drawing rooms were not manufactured.
The drawing room was revived with Series 5 coaches that appeared in 1956. A total of 25 were manufactured between 1956 and 1961. However, first-class travel became increasingly unpopular over the 1960s due to competition from road and air travel. By 1963, first-class services were running at a loss, with the exception of "four or five routes" according to National Rail's reports. In 1970, the law was amended to allow National Rail to offer and price its services with fewer regulations, resulting in the withdrawal of most first-class carriages from service. Many drawing room cars were either retired to charter service or scrapped, with the view of abolishing first class.
The surviving drawing rooms continued in revenue service on the few routes where they remained profitable in the 70s and 80s. They were refurbished at least twice to update their interiors, which were ageing compared to newer coaches in the Series 5b and 5c iterations.
Between 1992 and 1994, National Rail purchased six new drawing rooms built to its newer Series 6 standards. These coaches were the first to deviate from the accustomed layout in over 70 years, comprising of two compartments and a shorter lounge, seating 24.
Series 5
D5
The /5 drawing room carriage, designed in 1953 and manufactured between 1956 and 1961, was a modernized version of the /3 carriage. The first carriage in the series was D5002, the number D5001 appearing never to have been used. It seated 20 in a 1+1 configuration.
Near end A there was a book case, newspaper rack, and chair meant for reading. In the other corner there was a small room with a "mobile telephone", available free of charge to first class passengers. Men's and women's lavatories were on opposite ends of the carriage. A smoking room was opposite the men's lavatory, while a "retiring room" was opposite the women's. The two rooms were furnished identically and both featured ventilating windows. It appears National Rail thought the company would appear more friendly to female travellers by providing a separate smoking area, but a more conservative executive intervened and named the female compartment differently. The "retiring room" affair later became a stinging embarrassment for National Rail.
Like previous drawing room carriages, there was no storage rack overhead, as it was assumed that large luggage pieces would have been checked, while hats and coats were stored by the attendant.
5/b
D5c
Ten of the drawing room were redesigned between 1986 and 87 by E. Wentworth, with a peculiar emphasis on circular shapes. Multiple compartments, such as the reading room, lavatories, and telephone room, were all redesigned to be circular or at least form part of a circle. He believed these shapes were both appealing and practical. The carriage also lost its doors at the gangways and saloon in the process, as Wentworth thought they were useless and jarred passing traffic. Most of the plastic boards that lined the 5/b redecoration were also replaced with polished wood and glass.
To comply with the Wheelchair Travellers Act of 1986, all ten drawing rooms were augmented with wheelchair spaces, bathrooms, and vestibules wide enough for them. This is because the law required that wheelchair facilities be provided for each class of travel present, and there were no trains that ran with multiple drawing rooms.
Series 6
Pilots
Series 6 was in development during the late 80s, and several pilots were manufactured. With the exception of the ones found on Choe Sŭng-min's personal train, all have been converted to later production specifications.
D6
National Rail acquired six more drawing room cars in the early 90s for premier services between Kien-k'ang and Rak. These new vehicles differ from older designs in the inclusion of two compartments, each seating four, distributed on the two ends of the saloon. Previous drawing room cars, from the 19th century, were distinguished by their lack of compartments. The shortened saloon accommodates 16 and 14 passengers in the non-accessible and accessible variants respectively.