Penduk

Federation of Penduk Persekutuan Penduk (Pelangi)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Banyak Hati, Satu Orang "Many Hearts, One People"
Anthem: Semoga impian kita diberkati("Blessed be our dreams")
Capital and	Tasik Lembut
Official languages	Pelangi, Weranian
Recognised national languages	Gung, Subag
Recognised regional languages	Ziba
Ethnic groups (2023)	58% - Orang Penduk 19% - Gung 14% - Orang Subag 7% - Other Southeast Coian 2% - Euclean and Mixed-Euclean
Religion (2023)	38% - Zohism 21% - Badi 19% - Irreligion 17% - Sotirianity 5% - Other
Demonym(s)	Pendukese
Government	Federal parliamentary republic
• President	Demang Cahaya
• Premier	Bertrand Sabtu
Legislature	Federal Diet
• Upper house	House of Advisors
• Lower house	House of Deputies
Population
• 2023 census	43,010,670
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$906.7 billion
• Per capita	$21,080
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$503.2 billion
• Per capita	$11,700
Currency	Penduk Persekutuanmark (PPM)
Time zone	PT (UTC+3)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd
Driving side	left
Calling code	+85
Internet TLD	.pk

The Federation of Penduk (Pelangi: Persekutuan Penduk, Weranian: Penduker Bund), more commonly known as Penduk, is a sovereign state located in Southeast Coius. Penduk is bordered by Lavana to the north-west, Nainan to the south-west, and C12 to the west. It also shares a maritime border with Capuria to the east. A majority of its population of 43 million are concentrated in urban areas on its eastern and southern coast lines. Penduk is a federal entity, and is composed of nine subnational units, known collectively as Governorates, which in turn are ruled by an elected Governor or a hereditary Zeja. Tasik Lembut is both the federal capital and the country's largest city, as well as the capital of the Tasik Lembut Zejarah.

Penduk has been continuously inhabited for about 40,000 years, but the modern Penduk state has its origins in the Pelangi and Gung kingdoms. These petty states would be gradually incorporated into the Aguda Empire by the end of the 16th Century, before becoming part of the Weranian Empire in the 17th century as protectorates, and subsequently as a federated commissariat. Penduk would achieve independence in 1953, after 110 years of Weranian rule.

A multiethnic and multireligious country, Penduk has three recognised jubuni ethnicities, being the Orang Penduk, Gung and Orang Subag. A majority of the population are of the Orang Penduk ethnic group, with significant minorities consisting of the other jubuni groups and other Southeast Coians along the borders with Lavana and Nainan. Owing to the multireligious makeup of Penduk, and the ethnoreligious breakdown of its demographics, the Constitution enshrines freedom of religion and secularism as foundational principles of the State at a federal leval. Penduk is a federal parliamentary republic with its Head of State, the President, appointed to office by the Federal Diet.

Penduk's economy has traditionally been fueled by its primary industry, including natural resources such as fishing, mining and agriculture. However, recent developments have seen the growth of a nascent technology sector, as well as an ever-increasing tourism industry. Penduk is a middle income market economy, and it receives a great deal of foreign investment from the developed world, including but not limited to Senria and the Asterian Federative Republic.

Etymology

Penduk derives from the Pelangi word Penutur, meaning speaker. Whilst Pelangi has been used as both an endonym and exonym for the wider Pelangi speaking peoples, Pendutur as a seperate identifier for the Pensinsular Pelangi in the late 11th century, particularly when dealing with their non-Pelangi speaking neighbours. The details as to the corruption of the term into 'Penduk' are subject to academic debate, but is known that it eventually evolved into an adjective used in conjunction with the Pelangi word orang (lit. people) prior to Euclean colonisation. Upon independence from Werania, the nation took the name of Persekutuan Penduk or the Penduk Federation, with Penduk to serve as the descriptor. However, misuse by Euclean and Asterian sources throughout the 20th century saw the state regularly referred to as the Federation of Penduk, and subsequently the deriviative form Penduk. The term 'Federation of Penduk' has come to be accepted as a valid translation of the name and has become the standard nomenclature in both colloquial and official sources. In the latter half of the 20th century, the use of 'Penduk' alone was adopted into common parlance in Penduk itself through international exposure and media, and it is now also used colloquially by Pendukese citizens and sources.

History

The region that now makes up modern Penduk was historically governed by a patchwork of states, with parts of the modern nation forming the far reaches of the Svai Empire, parts of the south being incorporated into the Great Luong Dynasty and some successor states, various Lavanan states ruling over both sides of the river delta that now forms the modern border between the two states, and a series of petty kingdoms and polities forming a complicated tapestry along the eastern coast.

Throughout the mediaeval period, the states that would eventually form the basis of the modern eastern Governorates would gradually take shape along the Brown Sea, and in particular around the rich river basins that fed into that body of water. Trade in spice and pearls would begin to flourish in the 9th to 12th centuries, and over time some of the traditionally fishing and aquacultural villages transformed into prosperous trading ports, as both native goods and those from the spice islands would travel inland through the Penduk peninsula. Religion would gradually spread from the north and from the south along coastal trade routes, bringing but Badi and Zohism to the city states along the coastline. The relatively ingrained nature of the Penduk folk religions would prove particularly syncretic with the Busothaq school of Zohism, due to shared belief structures, and over time it would grow to become the most prominent religion within the city states. Whilst Badi minorities would take route, it would generally be associated with foreign traders as opposed to the religion of the native populace.

No one state ever managed to unify this region under its banner. Whilst it is understood that Tasik Lembut was preeminent amongst the petty kingdoms during the later half of the 1150s, having established suzerainty over both Bandaburu and Dimur, it was adequately counterbalanced by its rivals and only ever achieved an understanding as ‘first amongst equals’ when considered by foreign powers.

In comparison to the urbanising coast, the nation’s interior was more rugged, and remained predominantly agricultural throughout the middle ages and into the early modern era. Whilst technological innovation and the spread of ideas would travel along the trade routes, the kingdoms within this region remained. The greatest upheaval would occur during the later 1400s. With the incorporation of Lavana into the Aguda polity in the 1400s, expansion and border campaigns would gradually see the encroachment and annexation of what is now the Gung Timur and Gung Utara Governorates into the Aguda Empire. Over a protracted period from around 1471 until 1482, the disjointed chiefdoms would be annexed into the sprawling empire and these regions would gradually be incorporated into its central authority. With this annexation came further technological and administrative reform, but most notably, the growth of the Badi state religion.

The Penduk states on the coast remained independent, albeit under the cultural and economic influence of the ascendant Aguda Empire for most of the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Whereas the Empire had expanded, it was beset by enemies to the north in form of a coalition of Dezevau city-states, providing the independent states upon the Penduk peninsula a respite from encroaching imperial authority. However, following the defeat of Dhijivodhi in 1508, the Kingdom of Bandaburu was annexed by the Aguda Empire in 1509, and the Than dynasty to its south soon thereafter. One more Penduk state, the Pukang Kingdom, which had become an Agudan vassal in around 1512 would be formally annexed in 1526. The remaining Penduk petty states would eventually be annexed by the Aguda Empire in a successive period between 1551 until 1563, under the expansionist policy of Davadaojene.

Unlike the west, the east would chafe under imperial rule, and administrators were often appointed from the Gung province, creating tension between what were viewed as Badi imperialist forces. Taxes, in particular, were viewed as the great sign of the northern imperialists pilfering the Brown Sea spice trade and taking the wealth north.

Agudan rule would temporarily be broken by the advent of the Khaunban Empire under Intharatcha, who would conquer and incorporate the Penduk region as a whole into his nascent empire. Khaunban rule find success in cementing Zohism as the dominant religion on the eastern coast, the support for the state religion found a more accepting populace. In part due to the already established nature of the religion, and in part due to the view of Badi as a foreign religion constrained to the elite. Whilst under Aguyda rule, Badi presence had gradually matured and many temples had begun the slow process of converting larger swathes of the populace in eastern Penduk, anti-Badi and pro-Zohist imperial policy would see much of this broadly undone. The Khaunban era would last for about as long as Intharatcha lived, and soon after his death, his successor lost control of the region. By 1689, the region would once again be incorporated into the Agudan Empire.

This rule would continue until the eventual decline of the Empire, with Gaullican and Weranian influence dealing the death blow to the once power. Ultimately, the Eucleans would draw a border on the map using the river as a natural border. The north would be under Gaullican auspices, and the south would fall under the purview of Werania. In 1843, those parts of the Aguda Empire that fell within the Weranian sphere of influence were formally split from the ailing Empire. These states would go on to form the basis of the modern Governorates, and whilst ostensibly ruled by native dynasties, Weranian advisors held the true power over the region. Eventually, the protectorates were consolidated into the Commissariat of Gewürzländer, under the High Commissariat of the Coral Sea in 1883, with the protectorates forcibly federated under the auspices of the Commissar. Weranian would grow to become the language of administration, and the gradual Sotirianisation of the Subag people, which had originated as early as the 1500s as Euclean traders more regularly entered the ports of the Penduk peninsula, solidified.

Independence would come to the Comissariat in 1953, with the disestablishment of the Weranian Empire. Ultimately, the transition process would be mostly peaceful, with the Weranian institutions transitioned to the new polity. However, colonial rule had left its scars on the nation, and the Orang Penduk had gradually come to experience favoured peoples status. Tensions, which continue to simmer to this day, would threaten to come to a boiling point during the 1963-1968 Penduk Crisis, in which socialist terrorists purporting to have ties to the Red Surge would undertake a series of insurrectionist campaigns in the deindustrialised interior. Peacekeepers would be deployed from capitalist states, and whilst protracted warfare never broke out, Penduk was broadly considered to be one of the most unsafe nations on the planet for much of the 1960s.

Modern Penduk is an emerging nation, with a market that is gradually transitioning into the secondary and tertiary sectors. Primary exports, such as fishing, mining and tea, remain the backbone of its economy, but there is an infant tech sector and a very healthy tourism industry. Quality of life and disposable income have rapidly increased over the preceding four decades. Whilst wealth disparity and racial tensions continue to colour public life, these have broadly been driven under the surface and the image exported is one of a burgeoning partner. Politically, it is a functional democracy, albeit a flawed one. Whilst the military have never taken control of the nation, political and business interests often align, and corruption is a fact of life. However, most corruption is generally understood to be small-scale, and with few exceptions, major scandals have not rocked the federal government. The subnational governments, on the other hand, range from functional to blatantly corrupt.

Internationally, Penduk finds itself in a similar position to its across-the-sea neighbour in Capuria, receiving financial and military support primarily from Senria, and in part from Senria's global allies. As a friendly liberal democracy, it is often propped up both as a partial counterbalance to the emerging power of the BSC, not that it is capable of exerting much power on its own, but also as a primary goods producer and minor manufacturing hub. A number of trade deals have been signed with Euclean states, that see the export of these natural resources to the global north. Some visa-free travel arrangements have also been signed, allowing for a marked increase in tourism within Penduk from Euclea.

Politically, the ruling centre-right Liberal Party has been in power for most of the nation's independence. This success has not been without controversy, and prominent ministers been accused of taking donations from these Euclean allies, with allegations stretching of these politicians being weakwilled and prone to bowing under pressure to outright bribery. The socialist movement in the country suffered somewhat from crackdowns during the height of the Red Surge, particularly with respect to anti-terrorist movements in the late '60s and early '70s, but has since reformed around social democracy and a Fabian approach to welfare and government ownership. Whilst perennially in opposition to the dominant position of the Liberal Party (and their sometimes coalition partners in the centrist Democratic Labour Party), the Social Democrats have seen a slow uptick in popularity, and managed to wrest the Premiership for brief periods in the 2000s and early 2010s. The left wing of this party regularly advocates for greater cooperation with the BSC and other emerging socialist states, but the more dominant centre-left mostly shelves foreign policy in favour of a realist approach to at-home infrastructure and industrial policies.

Geography

Penduk
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     283     34 25     354     33 25     282     33 24     221     33 24     173     33 25     165     32 23     147     30 23     232     33 23     303     34 25     278     34 25     194     33 24     224     34 24 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     11     93 77     14     92 77     11     91 76     8.7     91 76     6.8     91 76     6.5     89 74     5.8     87 73     9.1     91 73     12     93 76     11     93 76     7.7     92 75     8.8     92 75 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches

Penduk is located entirely between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator and, is classified as having a tropical rainforest climate. As such, it has a consistently hot and humid climate, with regular rainfall throughout the year. Whilst Penduk does not experience the effects of a dry season, it is subject to two monsoon seasons, the summer monsoon season from from January to March and the spring monsoon season from August to October. As such, there is comparatively less precipitation in the monsoon off-season, particularly in the winter months of June and July.

Penduk is broadly flat topographically, however, comparative highlands exist within the nation's west. A majority of the nation's mountain ranges and rolling hills are found by the western border, where they form the origin point of many of Penduk's waterways. Given the comparatively low height of these mountain ranges, and considering the low altitude of the remainder of the country, approximately 70% of Penduk is covered by lowland tropical rainforest. Although, large sections of forest have been cleared for the purposes of agriculture and mining. These agricultural clearings consist of both traditional paddy-fields and larger scale industrial farming, albeit the latter remains less common. Of the large-scale remainign forests, the type varies, however, mangroves are particularly pronounced and common along the coastline.

Major industrial cities dot the eastern coastline, however, they are often built over existing swamp or mangroves. Tasik Lembut is both the largest city and the capital, however, Terunyan and Bandaburu are also major economic and population centres.

Penduk's longest river is the Kalani River, which serves as the border with Lavana. However, numerous smaller waterways and rivers serve catchment areas throughout the country, fueling traditional agriculture and used for transportation between the east and west. In addition to the Kalani which feeds to the Brown Sea, the Sungai River feeds a major delta on the Coral Sea in the nation's south.

Both the Coral Sea and Brown Sea serve as major economic drivers for the nation, as well as the source of much of the country's biodiversity. Penduk is a megadiverse country, with an exceptional number of endemic species native to both its rainforests and its waters. The southern coast of Penduk contains the Karang Reef, a megadiverse coral reef, which serves as a driver of both tourism and a source of local fishermen.

Government and Politics

Penduk is a federal parliamentary republic, with the government seperated into into three branches:

• the Legislature: the bicameral Parliament;
• the Executive: the cabinet, which is in turn made up of members of the Legislature and comprises of the Premier and other ministers of state, and the President who is appointed on the advice of Parliament; and
• the Judiciary: the High Court and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the President on the advice of the Premier and other members of the legislative executive.

Executive

The Head of State is the President, but this role is mostly ceremonial with the President acting exclusively on the advice of the Premier and the executive. Whilst bills cannot become law until they have been subject to Presidential writ, in practice, the President has never declined the writ to any proposal set before them by the Parliamentary executive. The Parliamentary executive serve as the executive branch of government in practice, comprising the Prime Minister and the ministers of state. The Prime Minister is the parliamentary leader of the largest party in the lower house, whilst the ministers of state are appointed from both houses.

Parliament

The federal legislature is bicameral, with a 199 member lower house, being the House of Deputies, and a 99 member upper house, being the House of Advisors. The House of Deputies is legally set to always be approximately twice the size of the House of Advisors, however both houses are Constitutionally mandated to always have odd numbers such that a majority can be easily reached.

The House of Advisors is comprised of ten Advisors from each Governorate, with a further three nation-wide Advisors elected by each of the three jubuni groups. As such, when voting, citizens are required to nominate for both their geographical district as well as their ethnic electorate. Citizens who are not of Orang Penduk, Orang Subag or Gung declared ethnicity are not entitled to vote for the additional Advisor positions. The House of Deputies elects Deputies from single-member proportional electoral districts using a first past the post system.

Judiciary

Penduk's judicial system is based on that of Werania. As such, it is a civil law system where judges take an active inquisitorial role in the trying of cases, as opposed to the adversarial system more common in common law systems. Courts are characterised by the type of law that they administer:

• Ordinary courts, which deal with a bulk of civil and criminal matters
• Administrative law courts
• Family law courts
• Constitutional law courts

In addition to the general court system, there are enshrined Courts of Appeal for each Governorate and a final High Court at the federal level who are tasked with hearing appeals from the highest levels of the subordinate Courts. The High Court consists of seven members, of which there must be at least one mmeber from each of the three jubuni ethnic groups.

Subordinate to the Courts, there are also a number of tribunals tasked with hearing matters such as local cases, and specialist tribunals established to deal with matters such as labour law and human rights law.

Subdivisions

Penduk is a federation of nine states, collectively called Governorates. Despite this overarching term, only four of the Governorates have an elected Governor as the Head of State, with five being ruled by a hereditary Zeja. Governorates each have a unicameral Diet, with the Head of Government being either called the Governor in those Governorates with a hereditary ruler, or the Deputy Governor in those with an elected Head of State. Governorates are further subdivided into divisions and cities, dependent on the urbanisation of the district, with local councils being charged with the administration of these lower-level divisions.

Subdivision	Census Region	Capital	Population	Head of State	Official Languages
Tasik Lembut	Southern	Tasik Lembut	9,672,027	Zeja	Pelangi, Weranian
Pukang	Southern	Pukang	1,365,587	Zeja	Pelangi, Ziba
Dimur	Southern	Dimur	2,580,640	Governor	Pelangi
Gelamutam	Northern	Stana	2,731,174	Governor	Pelangi
Subag	Nothern	Terunyan	6,591,387	Zeja	Pelangi, Subag
Mudara	Nothern	Mudara Baru	5,661,280	Zeja	Pelangi
Gung Timur	Western	Mangju	4,731,174	Governor	Pelangi, Gung, Ziba
Gung Utara	Western	Jauju	3,010,747	Governor	Pelangi, Gung, Ziba
Bandaburu	Western	Bandaburu	6,666,654	Zeja	Pelangi

Military

Penduk's military, the Penduk Self Defence Force (Pelangi: Pasukan Pertahanan Diri Penduk, PSDF) comprises the Federal Army of Penduk, the Federal Navy of Penduk, and the Federal Air Force of Penduk. The PSDF is a purely voluntary service and presently consists of approximately 1% of the nation’s possible manpower.

In the 2022-2023, federal budget, military expenditure comprised approximately 1.3% of the nation’s GDP. Traditionally, the Federal Navy has received the bulk of the military funding, and as such Penduk maintains a comparatively modern fleet, albeit without aircraft carriers and with limited large cruisers. Despite this spending, military strategy is primarily focused around strategic partnerships with major global allies, primarily Senria and the Asterian Federal Republic.

Demographics

• The Gung people are predominantly located within the nation’s hinterland, with pockets of other Coian ethnicities located within the nation where borders do not reflect demographic distribution, with the rest of the nation being majority Orang Penduk. The Orang Subag people are almost all found within the Subag Governorate, based around the peninsula in the nation’s north east.
• Religion is predominantly spread along racial lines, most notably with Zohism, of the Busothaq school and with heavy syncretism with Penduk folk religion, being practised by the Orang Penduk, Badi by the Gung and the various minority groups, and Sotirianity being the majority religion of Subag and of those of Euclean descent. Irreligion tends to cross over all ethnicities, but is more common among the disparate minority groups and the Orang Penduk. Ethno-religious groupings form the crux of the separation of the three major constituent ethnicities.
• jubuni (lit. people of soil) from Ziba (jiubou (soil) and ni (people of))

Culture

• Predominantly Peninsular Malays with significant Celebic and Balinese minorities, together with bleedover from neighbouring states. Ziba and Weranian influence remains felt, with the former more pronounced in the western hinterlands and the latter in the eastern urban areas.

Social Views

• LGBT+ rights/LGBT+ people: Gay and bisexual people are legally protected from discrimination and same-sex relations are not illegal. However, heavy social prejudice exists within the nation and same-sex relationships are not afforded the protections and rights as heterosexual couples. With the exception of specific religious exemptions for Badi practitioners and members of the priesthood in certain Subnational jurisdictions, there exists no legal protection or rights to transition for transgender or gender diverse individuals.
• Religious tolerance: Religious freedom is a preeminent legal right enshrined within the Constitution and further codified by statute. The multi-ethno-religious makeup of the state has resulted in heavy legislation and codification around religious rights. However, social tolerance is low, with Badi and Zohi practising groups in particular viewing each other with distrust and distaste. Intermarriage between religious groups, outside of urbanite and more culturally cosmopolitan centres, is frowned upon.
• Irreligion: Irreligion is generally accepted, and is mostly considered a non-issue, although most non-practitioners outside of urban areas continue to identify culturally with their religion of birth.
• Birth control: Abortion is available in very limited circumstances but is heavily stigmatised. Pre-conception birth control is legal and readily available, and has broadly become accepted.
• Race and ethnic relations: As with religion, the ethno-religious makeup of Penduk has mandated heavy legal protections around racial relations. Minimum numbers of politicians and High Court justices must be from one of the three identified major ethnic groups. Socially, racial tension is rife, and intermarriage is rare.
• Major Prejudices: Most prejudices are ethno-religious in nature. Although homophobia is culturally ingrained and income inequality is rife.
• Immigration and Emigration: Net exporter with brain drain and economic prosperity being the primary drivers. Some expat communities exist but diaspora numbers greatly outnumber immigration levels.
• Women's Rights: Women are legally equal and some affirmative action policies are in place. In practice, society remains patriarchal and equality of opportunity is not present.
• Soft and hard drugs: Tobacco and alcohol are legal. Hard drugs are illegal and criminalised but enforcement tends to be lax when compared to the developed world, with major organised crime entities built around the illegal drug trade. Badist drugs, such as psilocybin and cannabis, are illegal for general consumption and personal use, but are legal for use in religious ceremonies, provided they are administered/stored by a temple that is registered with the relevant Governorate's charitable/religious commission (this being the same commission that grants tax-exempt and deductible gift recipient status).