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=Kembesan Civil War= | =Kembesan Civil War= | ||
{{WIP}} | |||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = Kembesan Civil War | | conflict = Kembesan Civil War | ||
| width = | | width = | ||
| partof = | | partof = | ||
| image = Black Hawk Down Rangers under fire October 3, 1993.jpg | | image = {{multiple image | ||
| image_size = | | border = infobox | ||
| total_width = 360 | |||
| perrow = 2/3/2 | |||
| image1 = Black Hawk Down Rangers under fire October 3, 1993.jpg | |||
| alt1 = | |||
| image2 = Amx-peru.jpg | |||
| alt2 = | |||
| image3 = Italian Contingent in Somalia, 1994.JPEG | |||
| alt3 = | |||
| image4 = Mangusta Iraq.jpg | |||
| alt4 = | |||
| image5 = A female soldier belonging to the Somali National Army takes part in a training demonstration at Jazeera Camp in Mogadishu, Somalia, on February 8. The SNA took part in a live fire demonstration (27519432255).jpg | |||
| alt5 = | |||
| image6 = TanksRoad3a.jpg | |||
| alt6 = | |||
| image7 = Somali soldiers.jpeg | |||
| alt7 = | |||
}} | |||
| image_alt = | |||
| image_caption = | |||
| image_size = | |||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = {{unbulleted list|'''First row:''' Urban combat in Gondar; a Federalist tank drives through Kebera;|'''Second row:''' International forces retrieve sabotaged construction equipment; Latin attack helicopters near Udam; Tewahedo soldiers landing on Hamsa Island;|'''Third row:''' Imperial armoured column near Happara; Federalist soldiers besieging Azwa.}} | ||
| date = January 1, 2019 - present | | date = January 1, 2019 - present | ||
| place = [[Kembesa]], [[Ajax#Scipia|East Scipia]] | | place = [[Kembesa]], [[Ajax#Scipia|East Scipia]] | ||
| Line 16: | Line 37: | ||
| combatants_header = | | combatants_header = | ||
| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa}} Empire of Kembesa}} | | combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa}} Empire of Kembesa}} | ||
{{ | ---- | ||
| | {{Unbulleted list | ||
| | |1= '''Military support:''' | ||
| | |2={{flag|Latium}} | ||
|3={{flag|Perateia}} | |||
|4= | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | ---- | ||
| | {{Unbulleted list | ||
|1= '''Material support:''' | |||
|2= | |2= | ||
|3= | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa|Republic}} Tewahedo Faction}} | | combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa|Republic}} Tewahedo Faction}} | ||
{{ | ---- | ||
| | {{Unbulleted list | ||
| | |1= '''Military support:''' | ||
| | |2={{flag|Vardana}} | ||
|3={{flag|Pulacan}} | |||
|4= | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | ---- | ||
| | {{Unbulleted list | ||
| | |1= '''Material support:''' | ||
| | |2={{flag|Phansi Uhlanga}} | ||
|3={{flag|Ostrozava}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
| combatant3 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa|Federation}} Federalists}} | | combatant3 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa|Federation}} Federalists}} | ||
{{ | ---- | ||
{{Unbulleted list | |||
|1 | |1= '''Material support:''' | ||
|2= {{flag|Charnea}} | |||
|3= | |||
| | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | ---- | ||
| | {{Unbulleted list | ||
| | |1= '''Material support:''' | ||
|2= {{nowrap|{{flag|Republik Bebas Ketiga}}}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
| commander1 = {{unbulleted list | | commander1 = {{unbulleted list | ||
|1= {{flagicon|Kembesa}} Makonnen Yemata | |1= {{flagicon|Kembesa}} Makonnen Yemata | ||
|2= {{flagicon|Kembesa}} Hailu II Yemata | |2= {{flagicon|Kembesa}} Hailu II Yemata | ||
|3= | |3= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa}} Mengesha Woldegobeze}} | ||
|4= {{flagicon|Kembesa}} Kahssai Reda | |||
|5= | |||
}} | }} | ||
| commander2 = {{unbulleted list | | commander2 = {{unbulleted list | ||
|1= {{flagicon|Kembesa}} Tesfaldet Woldemesfin {{Assassinated}} | |1= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa}} Tesfaldet Woldemesfin {{Assassinated}}}} | ||
|2= {{flagicon|Kembesa|Republic}} | |2= {{flagicon|Kembesa|Republic}} Natsinet Demeksa | ||
|3= | |3= {{flagicon|Kembesa|Republic}} Tafari Mercha | ||
|4= {{flagicon|Kembesa|Republic}} Wagshum Teklamsalech | |||
|5= {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Motswagole III Tshekedi | |||
|6= | |||
}} | }} | ||
| commander3 = {{unbulleted list | | commander3 = {{unbulleted list | ||
|1= {{flagicon|Kembesa|Federation}} Sebhat Melekot | |1= {{flagicon|Kembesa|Federation}} Sebhat Melekot | ||
|2= | |2= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kembesa|Federation}} Ciise Aden Saqaawudiin}} | ||
|3= | |3= {{flagicon|Kembesa|Federation}} Hundee Letta | ||
|4= {{flagicon|Charnea}} [[Lamine family#Martuf_Lamine|Martuf Lamine]] | |||
|5= | |||
}} | }} | ||
| units1 = | | units1 = | ||
| units2 = | | units2 = | ||
| units3 = | | units3 = | ||
| strength1 = | | strength1 = 226,192 | ||
| strength2 = | | strength2 = 216,413 | ||
| strength3 = | | strength3 = 313,900 | ||
| casualties1 = | | casualties1 = | ||
| casualties2 = | | casualties2 = | ||
| Line 90: | Line 110: | ||
| campaignbox = | | campaignbox = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Kembesan Civil War''' is an armed conflict that began on January 1, 2019. Following the attempted coup of the Federal Parliament and the Imperial Palace by the Federalist faction, the conflict quickly devolved into a tripartite civil war between the loyalist Imperial forces, the Federalists, and the Tewahedo Faction of the parliament. As the war progressed, a number of foreign powers launched interventions in favour of different factions, escalating the conflict to a major regional conflict. | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
===Historic expansion=== | |||
===Political conditions=== | |||
===2018 parliamentary crisis=== | |||
'''August 14, 2018''' - The Tewahedo Party forms a coalition government in the People's Assembly of the Federal Parliament joined by the moderate-left Democratic Freedom Party. Tesfaldet Woldemesfin is the Prime Minister presumptive. | '''August 14, 2018''' - The Tewahedo Party forms a coalition government in the People's Assembly of the Federal Parliament joined by the moderate-left Democratic Freedom Party. Tesfaldet Woldemesfin is the Prime Minister presumptive. | ||
| Line 122: | Line 146: | ||
==Belligerents== | ==Belligerents== | ||
===Civil war factions=== | |||
{{Multiple image | |||
|direction=horizontal |align=right |caption_align=center |total_width=500 | |||
|image1=Marcus Samuelsson in 2013.jpg | |||
|image2=Tahounia Rubel Tel Aviv (cropped).jpg | |||
|image3=African Land Forces Summit (Adem Mohammed).jpg | |||
|caption1=Makonnen Yemata, succeeded his uncle as Emperor of Kembesa on January 1, 2019, though he remains uncrowned | |||
|caption2=Natsinet Demeksa, former Deputy Chairperson, now acting political leader of the Tewahedo Faction | |||
|caption3=Sebhat Melekot, the ''Dejazmač'' or "Commander of the Centre", former head of the Imperial Army, present leader of the Federalists | |||
}} | |||
* Makonnen's '''Empire of Kembesa''' is a conservative monarchist faction fighting against the parliament's imbroglio and the Federalist coup. The Empire's forces are made up of the Capital Gendarmerie, the Imperial Navy, and elements of the Imperial Army. | * Makonnen's '''Empire of Kembesa''' is a conservative monarchist faction fighting against the parliament's imbroglio and the Federalist coup. The Empire's forces are made up of the Capital Gendarmerie, the Imperial Navy, and elements of the Imperial Army. | ||
*The '''Tewahedo Faction''' is made up of a centre-left to left-wing parliamentary coalition. Their goals are to enact democratic reforms and centralization. The core of the movement is based in non-denominational religious socialism, but became significantly more "big tent" over the past four months in the process of trying to negotiate for reforms in the Popular Assembly. At the outset of the war, they don't have much in terms of materials, but they have significant popular support. | *The '''Tewahedo Faction''' is made up of a centre-left to left-wing parliamentary coalition. Their goals are to enact democratic reforms and centralization. The core of the movement is based in non-denominational religious socialism, but became significantly more "big tent" over the past four months in the process of trying to negotiate for reforms in the Popular Assembly. At the outset of the war, they don't have much in terms of materials, but they have significant popular support. | ||
*The '''Federalists''' are a militaristic and regionalist faction fighting against the cultural and political imperialism of the Empire's core. The Federalists are supported by a significant portion of Imperial Army regulars from minority regions as well as members of the minor nobility who have seen regional autonomy eroded after the 1936 Constitution. | *The '''Federalists''' are a militaristic and regionalist faction fighting against the cultural and political imperialism of the Empire's core. The Federalists are supported by a significant portion of Imperial Army regulars from minority regions as well as members of the minor nobility who have seen regional autonomy eroded after the 1936 Constitution. | ||
===International involvement=== | |||
==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||
==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== | ||
==Humanitarian situation== | ==Humanitarian situation== | ||
Latest revision as of 02:27, 21 May 2024
Kembesan Civil War
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
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.jpg)
The Kembesan Civil War is an armed conflict that began on January 1, 2019. Following the attempted coup of the Federal Parliament and the Imperial Palace by the Federalist faction, the conflict quickly devolved into a tripartite civil war between the loyalist Imperial forces, the Federalists, and the Tewahedo Faction of the parliament. As the war progressed, a number of foreign powers launched interventions in favour of different factions, escalating the conflict to a major regional conflict.
Background
Historic expansion
Political conditions
2018 parliamentary crisis
August 14, 2018 - The Tewahedo Party forms a coalition government in the People's Assembly of the Federal Parliament joined by the moderate-left Democratic Freedom Party. Tesfaldet Woldemesfin is the Prime Minister presumptive.
August 20, 2018 - The Kembesan Unity Party (chaired by Emperor Hailu II's nephew, Makonnen Yemata) disputes the result of the election, launching proceedings in the Royal Court of Justice. The Fall session of the Assembly is suspended pending the proceedings.
September 5, 2018 - The Tewahedo Coalition expands to include the centrist Liberal People's Party and proposes major constitutional reforms despite the Assembly's suspension.
September 28, 2018 - The National Agrarian Party pledges support to constitutional reform in exchange for concessions from the Tewahedo Coalition, bringing a total of 2/3 of the Assembly on board.
October 31, 2018 - The major points of the constitutional reform are publically unveiled: including georgist tax reform, expanded suffrage, the unitary reorganization of the country's administrative subdivisions, and the abolition of the upper house of parliament.
November 15, 2018 - The KUP's complaint in the Imperial Court of Justice is dismissed and Tesfaldet Woldemesfin is officially acclaimed as Prime Minister.
November 26, 2018 - The People's Assembly returns to session and the draft constitutional reform's first reading is philibustered by members of Kembesan Unity Party, the Conservative Party, and the New Brotherhood Party.
November 30, 2018 - Continued congressional deadlock devolves to violence in the streets. Opposition to the reforms is galvanized among regional minorities who are disproportionately unrepresented in the Federal Parliament.
December 4, 2018 - Rioting in the capital of Azwa leads the Emperor to order the deployment of Imperial Army to bolster the Capital Gendarmerie.
December 20, 2018 - The Emperor declares martial law in the capital and calls for the suspension of Parliament again.
December 21, 2018 - Members of the Tewahedo Coalition defy the suspension, declare the Assembly to be quorate, and vote to approve the package of constitutional reforms.
December 22, 2018 - The reform bill is submitted to the Imperial Palace for assent; Tesfaldet Woldemesfin is kidnapped by agents of the Imperial Army, acting without the direction of the Emperor, and is murdered.
December 29, 2018 - The deadline for the monarch to assent, veto, or refer the reform bill to the Imperial Court of Justice passes without event; violence and civil disobedience intensifies in the country.
December 31, 2018 - Imperial Army soldiers march on the Assembly under the pretense of enforsing the suspension; Dejazmač Sebhat Melekot occupies the Federal Parliament complex and declares martial law across the entire country; the Imperial Palace is besieged by the Imperial Army. Dejazmač Melekot proclaims that the events of the past four-and-a-half months have violated the Kembesan principles of federalism under the constitution and declares his cause to protect the constitution.
January 1, 2019 - Emperor Hailu II abdicates in favour of his nephew who now reigns as Emperor Makonnen; the new Emperor declares that the leaders of the Imperial Army are enemies of the state and the country descends into civil war.
Belligerents
Civil war factions
.jpg)
.jpg)
- Makonnen's Empire of Kembesa is a conservative monarchist faction fighting against the parliament's imbroglio and the Federalist coup. The Empire's forces are made up of the Capital Gendarmerie, the Imperial Navy, and elements of the Imperial Army.
- The Tewahedo Faction is made up of a centre-left to left-wing parliamentary coalition. Their goals are to enact democratic reforms and centralization. The core of the movement is based in non-denominational religious socialism, but became significantly more "big tent" over the past four months in the process of trying to negotiate for reforms in the Popular Assembly. At the outset of the war, they don't have much in terms of materials, but they have significant popular support.
- The Federalists are a militaristic and regionalist faction fighting against the cultural and political imperialism of the Empire's core. The Federalists are supported by a significant portion of Imperial Army regulars from minority regions as well as members of the minor nobility who have seen regional autonomy eroded after the 1936 Constitution.