Foreign Intelligence Agency

Foreign Intelligence Agency

Zahraniċní zprawodajská slużba
Seal of the Foreign Intelligence Agency
Flag of the Foreign Intelligence Agency
Karel Abrahám Center for Intelligence in Nowé Hromy, Wallashia
Agency overview
Formed	November 5, 1935 (1935-11-05)
Preceding agency	Office of Information Services
Headquarters	Karel Abrahám Center for Intelligence, Nowé Hromy, Wallashia, Morrawia
Motto	"Truth in Silence, Power in Knowledge"
Employees	15,271 (estimate)
Annual budget	ACU 5 billion or ₮20 billion (as of 2020)
Agency executives	Ludwík Hawel, Director Karel Dúl, Deputy Director Helena Erníċkowá, General Counsel
Parent department	Executive Office of the President of Morrawia
Parent agency	Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Child agencies	Directorate of Operations Directorate of Science and Technology
Website	fia.gov.mo

The Foreign Intelligence Agency (FIA) (Morrawian: Zahraniċní zprawodajská slużba), known informally as the Agency (Morrawian: Rozwėdka) and Thunder (Morrawian: Hrom), and historically as the Company (Morrawian: Spoleċnost), is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the Republic of Morrawia tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations. The agency is headquartered in the Karel Abrahám Center for Intelligence in Nowé Hromy, Wallashia.

As a principal member of the Morrawian Intelligence Community (IC), the FIA reports to the director of national intelligence and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the president and the Council of Ministers. The agency's founding followed the dissolution of the Office of Information Services (OFS) after the end of the Radical Presidency by President Eduard Palacký, who created the Foreign Intelligence Office under the direction of a director of central intelligence by presidential directive on January 22, 1932. The agency's creation was authorized by the National Security Act of 1935.

Unlike the Federal Investigation Bureau (FIB), which is a domestic security service, the FIA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on intelligence gathering overseas, with only limited domestic intelligence collection, especially after the establishment of the Federal Bureau for Internal Security. The FIA serves as the national manager for human intelligence, coordinating activities across the IC. It also carries out covert action at the behest of the president.

The FIA exerts foreign political influence through its paramilitary operations units, including its Special Activities Center. The FIA was even instrumental in establishing intelligence services in many countries. It has also provided support to several foreign political groups and governments, including planning, coordinating, training in torture, and technical support. It was involved in many regime changes and carrying out terrorist attacks and planned assassinations of foreign leaders.

Since 2001, the FIA is organized under the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Despite having had some of its powers transferred to the DNI, the FIA has grown in size following the terorrist attacks of the 2000s, the with some of the largest terrorist attacks in Morrawian history. The FIA's role has expanded since its creation, now including covert paramilitary operations. One of its largest divisions, the Information Operations Center (IOC), has shifted from counterterrorism to offensive cyber operations.

The agency has been the subject of several controversies, including its use of torture, domestic wiretapping, propaganda, and alleged human rights violations and drug trafficking.

Purpose

When the FIA was created, its purpose was to create a clearinghouse for foreign policy intelligence and analysis, collecting, analyzing, evaluating, and disseminating foreign intelligence, and carrying out covert operations.

As of 2020, the FIA had five priorities:

• Counterterrorism
• Nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction
• Indications and warnings for senior policymakers
• Counterintelligence
• Cyber intelligence

Organizational structure

Main article: Organizational structure of the Foreign Intelligence Agency

The FIA has an executive office and five major directorates:

• The Directorate of Digital Innovation
• The Directorate of Intelligence
• The Directorate of Operations
• The Directorate of Support
• The Directorate of Science and Technology

Central Office

Main article: Director of the Foreign Intelligence Agency

The director of the Foreign Intelligence Agency (D-FIA) is appointed by the president with Senate confirmation and reports directly to the director of national intelligence (DNI); in practice, the FIA director interfaces with the director of national intelligence (DNI), Federal Congress, and the National House, while the deputy director (DD-FIA) is the internal executive of the FIA and the chief operating officer (COO-FIA), known as executive director until 2017, leads the day-to-day work as the third-highest post of the FIA. The deputy director is formally appointed by the director without Senate confirmation, but as the president's opinion plays a great role in the decision, the deputy director is generally considered a political position, making the chief operating officer the most senior non-political position for FIA career officers.

The Central Office also supports the Morrawian military, including the Morrawian Army Intelligence Command, by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating with field activities. The associate deputy director of the FIA is in charge of the day-to-day operations of the agency. Each branch of the agency has its own director. The Office of Military Affairs (OMA), subordinate to the associate deputy director, manages the relationship between the FIA and the Unified Combatant Commands, who produce and deliver regional and operational intelligence and consume national intelligence produced by the FIA.

Directorate of Intelligence

Main article: Directorate of Intelligence

The Directorate of Intelligence, is tasked with helping "the President and other policymakers make informed decisions about our country's national security" by looking "at all the available information on an issue and organiz[ing] it for policymakers". The directorate has several regional analytic groups, groups for transnational issues, and three groups that focus on policy, collection, and staff support. There are regional analytical offices covering the Thrismari, Bakyern and Thuadia, Caleren and Meredonne, and Hiraethia and Caliandia.

Directorate of Operations

Main article: Directorate of Operations

The Directorate of Operations is responsible for collecting foreign intelligence (mainly from clandestine human intelligence sources), and for covert action. The name reflects its role as the coordinator of human intelligence activities between other elements of the wider Morrawian intelligence community with their human intelligence operations. This directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy, and budget between the Morrawian Ministry of Defense and the FIA. In spite of this, the Ministry of Defense announced in 2005 its intention to organize its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service, under the Military Intelligence Agency (MIA). Contrary to some public and media misunderstanding, DCS is not a "new" intelligence agency but rather a consolidation, expansion and realignment of existing Defense human intelligence activities, which have been carried out by MIA for decades under various names.

This Directorate is known to be organized by geographic regions and issues, but its precise organization is classified.

Directorate of Science & Technology

Main article: Directorate of Science & Technology

The Directorate of Science & Technology was established to research, create, and manage technical collection disciplines and equipment. Many of its innovations were transferred to other intelligence organizations, or, as they became more overt, to the military services.

The development of the S-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, for instance, was done in cooperation with the Morrawian Air Force. The S-2's original mission was clandestine imagery intelligence over denied areas around the world. It was subsequently provided with signals intelligence and measurement and signature intelligence capabilities and is now operated by the Air Force.

A DS&T organization analyzed imagery intelligence collected by the S-2 and reconnaissance satellites called the National Photointerpretation Center (NPIC), which had analysts from both the FIA and the military services. Subsequently, NPIC was transferred to the Strategic Intelligence Agency (SIA).

Directorate of Support

Main article: Directorate of Science & Technology

The Directorate of Support has organizational and administrative functions to significant units including:

• The Office of Security
• The Office of Communications
• The Office of Information Technology

Directorate of Digital Innovation

Main article: Directorate of Digital Innovation

The Directorate of Digital Innovation (DDI) focuses on accelerating innovation across the Agency's mission activities. It is the Agency's newest directorate. The Nowé Hromy, Wallashia-based office's mission is to streamline and integrate digital and cybersecurity capabilities into the FIA's espionage, counterintelligence, all-source analysis, open-source intelligence collection, and covert action operations. It provides operations personnel with tools and techniques to use in cyber operations. It works with information technology infrastructure and practices cyber tradecraft. This means retrofitting the FIA for cyberwarfare. DDI officers help accelerate the integration of innovative methods and tools to enhance the FIA's cyber and digital capabilities on a global scale and ultimately help safeguard the Republic of Morrawia. They also apply technical expertise to exploit clandestine and publicly available information (also known as open-source data) using specialized methodologies and digital tools to plan, initiate and support the technical and human-based operations of the FIA. Before the establishment of the new digital directorate, offensive cyber operations were undertaken by the FIA's Information Operations Center. Little is known about how the office specifically functions or if it deploys offensive cyber capabilities.

The directorate had been covertly operating since approximately February 2010 but formally began operations on October 1, 2011. According to classified budget documents, the FIA's computer network operations budget for fiscal year 2020 was ₮405.4 million. The NSA's budget was roughly ₮4 billion at the time.

Rep. Adam Kerṡ, the North Banawia Republican who served as the ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee, endorsed the reorganization. "The director has challenged his workforce, the rest of the intelligence community, and the nation to consider how we conduct the business of intelligence in a world that is profoundly different from 1930s when the FIA was founded," Kerṡ said.

Training

Main articles: FIA Center for Education, National Intelligence University, and Weselský Training Center

The FIA established its first training facility, the Office of Training and Preparation, in 1940. Following the end of the Era of Civil Wars, the FIA's training budget was slashed by the mid-1990s, which had a negative effect on employee retention.

In response, Director of Central Intelligence Jiṙí Talmen established FIA Center for Education in 2002. FIA Center for Education holds between 50 and 200 courses each year, training both new hires and experienced intelligence officers, as well as FIA support staff. The facility works in partnership with the National Intelligence University, and includes various components of said university.

For later stage training of student operations officers, there is at least one classified training area at Fort Lowosy, near Wimburg, Wallashia. Students are selected, and their progress evaluated, in ways derived from the OIS, published as the book Selection of Personnel for the Office of Information Services. Additional mission training is conducted at Temný Dúl, Slowannia.

The primary training facility for the Office of Communications is Weselský Training Center, located near Haná, Wallashia. The facility was established in 1951 and has been used by the FIA since at least 1955.

Budget

Main article: Morrawian intelligence budget

Details of the overall Morrawian intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Act of 1941, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money. The government showed its 1997 budget was ₮7.8 billion for the fiscal year. According to the 2020 mass surveillance disclosures, the FIA's fiscal 2020 budget is ₮19.5 billion, 30% of the total and almost 5 times as much than the budget of the National Security Agency.

There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, reports revealed that FIA's annual budget in fiscal year 1970 was with inflation adjusted ₮4.2 billion.

After the implementation of the Abrahám Doctrine and the more active foreign policy in the latter half of the 20th century, increasing the budget by billions of tollars, certain percentage or ₮1.6 billion were secretly made available to the FIA. This continued until around 1990s.

History

Main article: History of the Foreign Intelligence Agency

The success of early intelligence groups from various nations during the Great War prompted Morrawian President Wáclaw Morawċík to authorize the creation of an intelligence service modeled after those seen in the conflict. This led to the creation of the Office of Information Services (OIS) by a Presidential decree issued by President Morawċík on September 13, 1909. The idea for a centralized intelligence organization was first proposed by General Hans J. Rickenbacker, who envisioned an intelligence service that could operate globally to counter national (mainly communist) threats and provide crucial intelligence directly to the President.

Rickenbacker proposed the idea to President Morawċík in 1910, suggesting the creation of a "Foreign Intelligence Service" that would continue peacetime operations similar to those of the Office of Information Services, which he led during the Great War. Upon President Roosevelt's end of term, the new president Karel Tusar inherited a presidency largely uninformed about key wartime projects and global intelligence activities. Tusar's initial view of the proposed central intelligence agency was that of a simple information gathering entity that would function more as a global news service rather than a spy network. His vision starkly contrasted with Rickenbacker's, which focused on avoiding the creation of a type of secret police. This led to a general halt in the continuation of any efforts towards peacetime spy agency creation, subsequent dissolvement of OIS in 1925, and the country entered isolation, which continued up until the end of 1920s and through the Radical Presidency period with no progress there either.

The first public mention of the "Foreign Intelligence Agency" appeared on a command-restructuring proposal presented by Jan Fostr and Kamil Taterský to the Morrawian. Senate Military Affairs Committee at the end of 1932. Army Intelligence agent Colonel Wáclaw Bonta and Commander Lukáṡ Lukawský worked together for years, and prepared the first draft and implementing directives for the creation of what would become the Foreign Intelligence Agency. Despite opposition from the military establishment, the Foreign Ministry, and the Federal Investigation Bureau (FIB), then president Eduard Palacký reestablished the Office of Information Services in November 1932 and established the National Intelligence Authority in January 1933. Its operational extension was known as the Foreign Intelligence Center (FIC), which was the direct predecessor of the FIA. This establishment continued until 1935, when the proper Foreign Intelligence Agency was established by the Foreign Intelligence Agency Act of 1935.