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| {{Infobox country | | {{Infobox country |
| |conventional_long_name = Baha'i Republic of Siphria | | |conventional_long_name = Empire of Siphria |
| |native_name = کۆمارا باحایی سںفںریە<br>'''''<small>Komara Bahayî ya Sifirye</small>''''' | | |native_name = Շարշարրէնատո Աբորրէյո<br>''<small>Šaršarrānatu Aburrāyu</small>'' |
| |common_name = Siphria | | |common_name = Siphria |
| |image_flag = Siphria flag.png | | |image_flag = Siphria flag.png |
| |image_coat = Siphria star.png | | |image_coat = Siphria star.png |
| |symbol_type = Emblem | | |symbol_type = Emblem |
| |national_motto = ''ازادی، سەروەری، باوەری <br>Azadî, Serwerî, Bawerî''<br><small>Freedom, Sovereignty, Faith</small> | | |national_motto = ''tbd<br>translit''<br><small>translate</small> |
| |national_anthem = ''وەلاتێ مە، قەدیم ۊ ازاد''<br>[[Welatê me, Qedîm û Azad]]<br><small>Our Homeland, Ancient and Free</small> | | |national_anthem = ''tbd''<br>[[translit]]<br><small>translate</small> |
| |image_map = Siphria political.png | | |image_map = Siphria political.png |
| |map_caption = Map of Siphria | | |map_caption = Map of Siphria |
| |image_map2 = | | |image_map2 = |
| |map_caption2 = | | |map_caption2 = |
| |capital = [[Akrê]] | | |capital = [[Aqrū]] |
| |largest_city = [[Akrê]] | | |largest_city = [[Aqrū]] |
| |official_language = {{wp|Northern Kurdish|Siphrian}} | | |official_language = {{wp|Akkadian|Siphrian}} |
| |regional_languages = | | |regional_languages = |
| |religion = {{wp|Bahá'í Faith|Baha'i}} | | |religion = [[Īnu Ebēbim]] |
| |demonym = Siphrian | | |demonym = Siphrian |
| |government_type = {{wp|Theocracy|Theocratic}}-{{wp|republicanism|republican}} {{wp|unitary state}} | | |government_type = {{wp|Unitary government|Unitary}} {{wp|Absolute monarchy|absolute}} {{wp|monarchy}} |
| |leader_title1 = [[Council of the Faithful]] | | |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Siphria|Emperor]] |
| |leader_name1 = [[Yûsiv Bazîdî]]<br>[[Selahedînê Cezerî]]<br>[[Mistefa Îbrahîm]]<br>[[Mesûd Merîwanî]]<br>[[Husên Mihemed]]<br>[[Şahînê Osmanî]]<br>[[Elî Rehîmî]]<br>[[Ebdulah Telebanî]]<br>[[Silêman Xaliqî]] | | |leader_name1 = [[Anaslu-nātsir-apli of Siphria|Anaslu-nātsir-apli]] |
| |leader_title2 = [[President of Siphria]] | | |leader_title2 = [[Minister of the Lords of Siphria|Minister of the Lords]] |
| |leader_name2 = [[Selîm Helebceyî]] | | |leader_name2 = [[Narkab-dammiq tbd]] |
| |leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Legislative Assembly (Siphria)|Speaker of the Assembly]] | | |leader_title3 = [[Minister of the Commoners of Siphria|Minister of the Commoners]] |
| |leader_name3 = [[Nizamedînê Nazirî]] | | |leader_name3 = [[Kudurrānu tbd]] |
| |legislature = [[Legislative Assembly (Siphria)|Legislative Assembly]] | | |legislature = None |
| |sovereignty_type = '''[[History of Siphria]]''' | | |sovereignty_type = '''[[History of Siphria]]''' |
| |established_event1 = earlier event | | |established_event1 = First Empire |
| |established_date1 = date | | |established_date1 = 1457 BCE |
| |established_event2 = Current government | | |established_event2 = Fourth Empire |
| |established_date2 = 1913 | | |established_date2 = 1568 |
| | |established_event3 = Current dynasty |
| | |established_date3 = 1717 |
| |area_km2 = 195632 | | |area_km2 = 195632 |
| |area_sq_mi = | | |area_sq_mi = |
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| |HDI = .725 | | |HDI = .725 |
| |HDI_change = | | |HDI_change = |
| |currency = [[Siphrian riyal]] (﷼) | | |currency = [[Siphrian shiqil]] (Շ) |
| |currency_code = SPR | | |currency_code = SFS |
| |utc_offset = | | |utc_offset = |
| |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy ({{wp|Common Era|CE}}) | | |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy ({{wp|Common Era|CE}}) |
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| |calling_code = | | |calling_code = |
| }} | | }} |
| '''Siphria''' ({{wp|Northern Kurdish|Siphrian}}: سںفںریە, ''Sifirye''), known formally as the '''Baha'i Republic of Siphria''' (Siphrian: کۆمارا باحایی سںفںریە, ''Komara Bahayî ya Sifirye''), is a country in [[Esquarium]], located in southern [[Nautasia]]. It is bordered by [[Sharaf]] and [LOREM] to the west, the [[Union of Nautasian Islamic Republics]] to the north, and the [[Gulf of Sirde]] to the east and south. Its capital and largest city is [[Akrê]], located on the country's coast; other major cities include [[Keşvare]], [[Şeqlawe]], and [[Heskîf]]. | | '''Siphria''' ({{wp|Akkadian|Siphrian}}: Աբորրէյո, ''Aburrāyu''), officially the '''Empire of Siphria''' (Siphrian: Շարշարրէնատո Աբորրէյո, ''Šaršarrānatu Aburrāyu'') is a {{wp|Unitary government|unitary}} {{wp|Absolute monarchy|absolute}} {{wp|monarchy}} located in the [[Esquarium|Esquarian]] continent of [[Nautasia]]. It is bordered by [LOREM] to the west, the [[Union of Nautasian Islamic Republics]] to the north and east, and the [[Gulf of Siphria]] to the south. The country is home to roughly 11.7 million people. Its capital and largest city is [[Aqrū]]. |
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| Siphria is sometimes considered to be a {{wp|Cradle of civilisation|cradle of civilization}} within Esquarium, with evidence of agriculture and pottery existing in Siphria from the 4000s BCE; the rise of [[Aburrite civilization]] in the 2300s saw the development of writing, complex irrigation, and city-states within Siphria's coastal regions. These city-states, in turn, were unified into the [[Aburrite Empire]] in 1457 BCE, which existed for more than a thousand years before collapsing in the early 400s BCE. During this period, the Aburrites engaged in trade with neighboring polities such as the [[Naqabiri Empire|Naqabiri]] and [[Korazdan Empire|Korazdan]] empires; they also went to war against the [[Aburrite-Korazdan War|Korazdan Empire]] and the {{wp|Bedouin}} tribes beyond the [[Khursaneh Mountains]]. Following the collapse of the Aburrite Empire in 435 BCE, power reverted to local rulers and city-states until the [[Siphrian migration]], during which ethnic Siphrians- fleeing the collapse of the Korazdan Empire- destroyed Aburrite civilization and established a group of [[Siphrian pentarchy|five local satrapies]]. | | Siphria is widely considered to be a {{wp|Cradle of civilisation|cradle of civilization}} within [[Esquarium]], with evidence of {{wp|Agricultural Revolution|agriculture}} and {{wp|pottery}} dating as far back as the 4000s BCE, and of complex {{wp|irrigation}}, {{wp|writing}}, and {{wp|Bronze Age|bronze metallurgy}} by the 2400s BCE. Siphria's political system has typically been based around either a network of competing {{wp|City-state|city-states}} known as [[Ālu|ālū]], or around a unified [[Siphrian Empires|imperial polity]]. The [[First Siphrian Empire|first]] of these empires, which lasted for over a thousand years, was proclaimed in 1457 BCE by [[Narkab-šarra-utsur]], overseeing a flourishing of science, trade, and culture before its collapse. The [[Second Siphrian Empire|second empire]] was marked by internal instability and conflict with [[Awiyyistan|Awiyyi]] tribes, exemplified by the conquest of Siphria by an Awiyyi tribal confederation in 14 BCE. The [[Third Siphrian Empire]] was marked by periodic conflict with expanding [[Irfan|Irfanic]] polities in neighboring [[Union of Nautasian Islamic Republics|Pasdan]] and a resumed flourishing of science and culture within Siphria. The current empire, the [[Fourth Siphrian Empire|fourth]], was proclaimed in 1568, and underwent a period of substantial modernization and reform in the 1800s. Since the establishment of the [[Union of Nautasian Islamic Republics]], there have been periodic clashes between Siphria and its larger neighbor, most infamously the [[Khitiyu War]] in 1974. |
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| Siphria was again placed under a single government in 669, when it was [[Muslim conquest of Siphria|conquered]] by Muslim armies. During this period a majority of the population was converted to {{wp|Islam}}; initially, this Muslim population was composed primarily of {{wp|Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims}}, but a substantial {{wp|Shia Islam|Shi'a}} minority also developed. Siphria remained under the direct control of the early Islamic caliphate until 750 CE, when it obtained ''de facto'' independence under the [[Qasimid dynasty]]. Religious conflict between the Sunni majority and the Shi'a minority resulted in the deposition of the Sunni Qasimids by the Shi'a [[Ghitanid dynasty|Ghitanids]], and the subsequent deposition of the Ghitanids in favor of the Sunni [[Atassid dynasty|Atassids]]. A peasant rebellion known as the [[Hesanî Revolt]] deposed the Atassids in 1001 and installed its leader, a peasant by the name of [[Hesan II of Siphria|Hesan]], as the first emir of the [[Hesanî dynasty]], which remained in power for the following four centuries and saw Shi'a Islam become the dominant religion within Siphria.
| | (rework government section) |
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| The Hesanî dynasty was replaced by the [[Eyerî dynasty]] in 1394. In 1550, a landless but wealthy [[Ankoren|Ankoreni]] noble by the name of [[Mistefa I of Siphria|Mistefa Sabrî]] hired a mercenary force and deposed the Eyerîs, installing himself as the first emir of the [[Emirate of Siphria|Sabrî dynasty]]. Under the Sabrî dynasty, Siphria became politically dependent upon the [[Erkemen Empire]], and an ethnic Ankoreni elite came to control the upper echelons of the country's government. The {{wp|Baha'i}} faith was supposedly revealed to the [[Behaulah (Esquarium)|Behaulah]] in 1844, and, mixing with [[Siphrian nationalism]], spread rapidly through the country in spite of attempts to suppress it by Siphrian authorities. After the collapse of the Erkemen Empire, the Sabrî dynasty was deposed and a new government was established by the [[Council of the Faithful]] and General [[Fereydûn Sêlih]]. Since then, Siphria has continued to suffer periodic conflict at home and with its neighbors, including several military coups and the 1974 [[Heskif War]].
| | Siphria has a heavily diversified economy, which has helped protect it from the issues facing {{wp|Rentier state|rentier economies}} elsewhere in Nautasia. The production of {{wp|Cereal|cereal crops}}, {{wp|Citrus|citrus fruits}}, {{wp|cotton}}, {{wp|tobacco}}, and {{wp|rapeseed}}, as well as the raising of livestock for meat and dairy, continue to be the backbone of the economy in Siphria's rural regions; the illicit production of {{wp|Papaver somniferum|opium}} is also a source of income in some rural communities, though the country's government has attempted to suppress this. Mining is also an important source of income in many regions of Siphria; minerals produced in Siphria include {{wp|iron}}, {{wp|copper}}, {{wp|lead}}, {{wp|zinc}}, {{wp|phosphates}}, {{wp|limestone}}, and {{wp|marble}}. While Siphria has limited {{wp|petroleum}} reserves, oil production does not compose a notable section of the economy. Within urban regions, industry- particularly {{wp|textile manufacturing}}, though {{wp|heavy industry}} has grown steadily in recent years- serves as the backbone of the economy. Tourism has become an important sector of the Siphrian economy in recent years as well, though it has seen negative repercussions due to instability in Siphria and [[Nautasia]]. |
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| Siphria's government is a mixture of {{wp|Theocracy|theocratic}} and {{wp|Republic|republican}} institutions. Substantial power is accorded to the [[Council of the Faithful]], a body consisting of nine senior Baha'i clergymen selected for life; while its authority formally extends as far as the ability to nullify laws and overturn election results, in practice the Council is primarily tasked with handling theological disputes, overseeing lower-ranking clergy members, and vetting political candidates. Most executive power is held by the [[President of Siphri|president]], currently [[Selîm Helebceyî]]; while legislative formally rests with the [[Legislative Assembly (Siphria)|Legislative Assembly of Siphria]], the Legislative Assembly has been reduced to an advisory capacity or suspended entirely at several points in Siphrian history. Siphria's secular judiciary, which deals with civil and most criminal cases, is headed by a [[High Court (Siphria)|High Court]]; however, the judiciary is relatively dependent upon the executive, raising concerns about its fairness.
| | (rework geography and demography section) |
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| Siphria has a heavily diversified economy, which has helped protect it from the issues facing {{wp|Rentier state|rentier economies}} elsewhere in Nautasia. The production of {{wp|Cereal|cereal crops}}, {{wp|Citrus|citrus fruits}}, {{wp|cotton}}, {{wp|tobacco}}, and {{wp|rapeseed}}, as well as the raising of livestock for meat and dairy, continue to be the backbone of the economy in Siphria's rural regions; the illicit production of {{wp|Papaver somniferum|opium}} is also a source of income in some rural communities, though the country's government has attempted to suppress this. Mining is also an important source of income in many regions of Siphria; minerals produced in Siphria include {{wp|iron}}, {{wp|copper}}, {{wp|lead}}, {{wp|zinc}}, {{wp|phosphates}}, {{wp|limestone}}, and {{wp|marble}}. While Siphria has limited {{wp|petroleum}} reserves, oil production does not compose a notable section of the economy. Within urban regions, industry- particularly {{wp|textile manufacturing}}, though {{wp|heavy industry}} has grown steadily in recent years- serves as the backbone of the economy. Tourism has become an important sector of the Siphrian economy in recent years as well, though it has seen negative repercussions due to instability in Siphria and Nautasia.
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| [[Siphrian people|Ethnic Siphrians]] compose the largest and most powerful ethnic group in Siphria, consisting of roughly 84% of the population. This ethnic Siphrian population primarily resides along the country's fertile coast, on the eastern side of the Khursaneh Mountains. Small populations of [[Aburrite people|ethnic Aburrites]], the {{wp|Indigenous peoples|indigenous population}} of Siphria, also persist in this region, with Aburrites composing less than 4% of Siphria's modern-day population. Beyond the Khursaneh mountains is the desert region of [[Awiyyistan]], inhabited primarily by the {{wp|Arabic language|Arabic}}-speaking {{wp|Bedouin}}, who compose roughly 11% of the country's population. A substantial {{wp|Persian people|Pasdani}} population formerly existed in the country's north, but the majority of this population fled the country at several points during the 20th century. Religious belief in Siphria is largely divided along ethnic lines; ethnic Siphrians overwhelmingly practice {{wp|Baha'i}}, Bedouins continue to practice {{wp|Sunni Islam}}, and Aburrites their traditional religion, known as [[Īnu Ebēbim]].
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| ==Etymology== | | ==Etymology== |
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| "Siphria" is generally considered to have been derived from ''sifir'' (سںفںر), the Siphrian word for {{wp|copper}}. The name is generally rendered as ''Sifirye'' in {{wp|Northern Kurdish|Siphrian}}, ''Sifiryah'' (سِفِريَه) in {{wp|Arabic language|Arabic}}, and ''Sipiru'' (Սիպիրո) in {{wp|Akkadian|Aburrite}}. Proposed alternative etymologies include a derivation from the Aburrite ''šipir'' (meaning "artifact"), and from the Arabic ''ṣafira'' (meaning "empty" or "devoid") or ''iṣfarra'' (meaning "to turn yellow"); however, these are not widely accepted.
| | (rephrase but the general idea is still sound) |
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| The area now known as Siphria was historically divided into two regions by the [[Aburrite people|Aburrites]]. The land to the east of the [[Khursaneh Mountains]]- the center of [[Aburrite civilization]]- was referred to as ''Kibturu'' ([[Ellušitri script|Ellušitri]]: 𒄒𒌅𒊒; [[Nišēšitri alphabet|Nišēšitri]]: Կիբտորո), meaning "land of wheat", while the land to the west of the mountains- dominated by nomadic tribes periodically vassalized by the [[Aburrite Empire]]- was referred to as ''Ibiluru'' (Ellušitri: 𒉋𒇽𒊒, Nišēšitri: Իբիլորո). However, these terms largely fell out of use after the arrival of the ethnic Siphrians in the region and are now regarded as archaic in Aburrite and elsewhere. The first references using the term "Siphria", rather than "Kibturu", appeared in Pasdani and Arabic records detailing the conquest of the region by early Islamic armies.
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| ==History== | | ==History== |
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| ===Prehistory and antiquity===
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| Archaeological evidence attests to a human presence in Siphria as far back as the {{wp|Upper Palaeolithic}}, with artifacts from nomadic populations such as the {{wp|Emiran}} and {{wp|Aterian}} cultures found in Siphria dating to as far back as 40,000 years ago. These cultures were replaced by the {{wp|Antelian}} and {{wp|Kebaran}} cultures in the {{wp|Mesolithic}}, and in turn supplanted by the semi-sedentary {{wp|Natufian culture|Şuqbiye culture}} in the early {{wp|Neolithic}}; while the Şuqbiye culture was pre-agricultural, it left behind several archaeological sites speculated to be villages or towns, and evidence suggesting the {{wp|Origin of the domestic dog|domestication of the dog}} within the region.
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| There is a comparative dearth of archaeological evidence between the end of the Şuqbiye culture in roughly 9500 BCE and the rise of the [[Ulaş culture]] in 5600 BCE; the archaeological record explodes following the rise of Ulaş culture, however, with evidence of the development of {{wp|Dryland farming|agriculture}}, {{wp|animal husbandry}}, {{wp|pottery}}, and {{wp|Chalcolithic|copper metallurgy}} evident during this period. The Ulaş culture was replaced by the [[Ranyê culture]] in 3900 BCE, which saw some further development in pottery, and the development of {{wp|proto-writing}} and the {{wp|wheel}}. The Ranyê culture [[Collapse of the Ranyê culture|collapsed violently]] for unknown reasons in the 2600s BCE, with few artifacts from the subsequent two centuries being found.
| | ===Prehistory and origins=== |
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| The gap in the archaeological record caused by the collapse of the Ranyê culture ends with the rise of [[Aburrite civilization]] in the 2400s BCE. Early Aburrite civilization was marked by several technological advancements that distinguished it from previous cultures; large-scale {{wp|irrigation}}, {{wp|crop rotation}}, and {{wp|Bronze Age|bronze metallurgy}} led to an agricultural boom that led to increased population growth and {{wp|social stratification}}, the arrival of the {{wp|Domestication of the horse|domestic horse}} resulted in the rise of {{wp|Chariot tactics|chariot warfare}}, and the development of the [[Ellušitri script|ellušitri script]] by 2100 BCE set the groundwork for future development of mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and other fields within Aburrite Siphria.
| | (prehistory, first alu) |
| [[File:Assyrian troops return.png|225px|thumb|left|A relief of [[Aburrite Empire|Aburrite]] troops returning following a campaign.]]
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| Continuing population growth resulted in the rise of several {{wp|City-state|city-states}} and the beginning of the [[First ālu period|first ''ālu'' period]], typically placed by historians at 1800 BCE. Major city-states, or ''ālū'', from this period included [[Ašnakkum]], [[Kisurra]], [[Purattu]], [[Šušarra]], and [[Tarbisu]]. While Šušarra and Ašnakkum were the dominant polities for much of the first ''ālu'' period, by the 1500s BCE the city-state of [[Kisurra]] was rising in power, having secured alliances with, and later fealty from, Purattu and Tarbisu; in 1469 BCE, [[Narkab-šarra-uṣur]]- then the ruler of Kisurra- launched [[Campaigns of Narkab-šarra-uṣur|a series of wars]] against Šušarra, Ašnakkum, and several other city-states not already allies or vassals of Kisurra; in 1457 BCE, after defeating most of these city-states, the [[Aburrite Empire]] was formed with Narkab-šarra-uṣur as its first emperor.
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| The Aburrite Empire would continue to dominate the region for several centuries, controlling almost all of the Siphrian coastline by the death of [[Anaslu-bēl-kala I]] in 1254 BCE; the empire also launched repeated campaigns in [[Awiyyistan]], aimed either at repelling raids from, or at securing tribute from, the {{wp|Bedouin}} population of the region. Political conflicts such as the [[Rebellion of Lābubirqu-šumu-līšir|rebellion of Lābubirqu-šumu-līšir]] and the [[Campaigns of Anaslu-kudurri-uṣur I|Engurru rebellion]] intermittently destabilized the empire, as did natural disasters and famines; nevertheless, the general stability and security of the Aburrite Empire led to a flowering of [[Aburrite astronomy|astronomy]], [[Aburrite art|art]], [[Ancient Aburrite architecture|architecture]], [[Aburrite literature|literature]], [[Ancient Aburrite mathematics|mathematics]], and [[Īnu Ebēbim|religion]]. Aburrite law was [[Code of Anaslu-kudurri-uṣur I|codified]] across the entirety of the empire for the first time by [[Anaslu-kudurri-uṣur I]] in 920 BCE, and further reformed by [[Narkab-nāṣir-apli]] in the 600s BCE; the [[Nišēšitri script|nišēšitri script]], one of the first alphabetic scripts in [[Nautasia]], was developed by the emperor [[Anaslu-bēl-kala II]] in the 850s BCE.
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| The Aburrite Empire also engaged in extensive trade with its neighbors, including the Bedouin populations of Awiyyistan, Afro-Nautasian populations to the west, and the [[Naqabiri Empire|Naqabiri]] and [[Korazdan Empire|Korazdan]] empires in what is now the [[Union of Nautasian Islamic Republics]]. The Aburrites exported goods such as {{wp|Cedrus libani|cedar wood}}, {{wp|copper}}, {{wp|iron}}, {{wp|marble}}, {{wp|olive oil}}, {{wp|History of beer|beer}}, and {{wp|History of wine|wine}} in exchange for {{wp|tin}}, {{wp|gold}}, {{wp|silver}}, {{wp|glass}}, {{wp|Dye|dyes}}, {{wp|incense}}, and {{wp|ivory}}. There was also periodic conflict between the Aburrite Empire and its neighbors; the most famous of these was the [[Aburrite-Korazdan War]], fought between 547 BCE and 543 BCE, in which the Aburrites, under the emperor [[Anaslu-rāim-nišēšu]], successfully repelled an attempt by the Korazdan emperor [[Batarus the Great|Batarus]] to conquer or vassalize the Aburrite Empire; the war was concluded with a formal treaty, known as the [[Treaty of Marḫašu]], of which copies survive both in {{wp|Akkadian|Aburrite}} and in {{wp|Old Persian|Old Pasdani}}.
| | [[File:Assyrian troops return.png|225px|thumb|left|A relief of ancient Siphrian soldiers returning following a campaign.]] |
| | (first empire, second alu, second empire, third alu) |
| [[File:Esprit protecteur (British Museum) (8704834191).jpg|180px|thumb|right|A depiction of the deity [[Arūtu]] from the ruins of [[Purattu]].]] | | [[File:Esprit protecteur (British Museum) (8704834191).jpg|180px|thumb|right|A depiction of the deity [[Arūtu]] from the ruins of [[Purattu]].]] |
| By the mid-400s BCE, however, the Aburrite Empire had been severely weakened due to crop failures, political conflict, and mismanagement. Frustration among the nobility and clergy with the rule of [[Bēlumē-šumu-līšir]] broke out into the [[Kalḫu Revolt]] in 441 BCE; an attempt to end the war by assassinating Bēlumē-šumu-līšir and installing his son [[Lābāši-Narkab]] as emperor failed, and the conflict ended in 435 BCE with the brutal [[Sack of Kisurra|sacking of Kisurra]] and the presumed death of Lābāši-Narkab. After the fall of Kisurra, the leaders of [[Ekallatum]], [[Irītu]], [[Kaštiliašu]], and [[Purattu]]- which had become the ''de facto'' leaders the revolt- signed a document known as the [[Treaty of Four Kings (Siphria)|Treaty of Four Kings]] in which they formally dissolved the empire and agreed to divide its lands between them.
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| In practice, however, the Treaty of Four Kings resulted in a reversion of power to city-states and other local polities, beginning what is known as the [[Second ālu period|second ''ālu'' period]]. By the 300s BCE, Ekallatum had effectively established itself as the most powerful of the city-states, but it lost this title to Irītu in the wake of the [[Battle of Kuruḫanni]] in 71 CE. Conflict between the Aburrites and the Bedouin also continued during this period, with several inland cities suffering from raiding at the hands of Bedouin tribes.
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| The second ''ālu'' period continued until the 200s CE, when the [[Siphrian people|Siphrians]]- a semi-nomadic people related to the [[Azkuri people|Azkuris]] living in what is now [[Pasdan]]- fled turmoil in the collapsing remnants of the Korazdan Empire, resulting in the [[Siphrian migration]]. The Siphrians overwhelmed the Aburrite city-states, establishing their own series of polities known as the [[Siphrian pentarchy]]. These five polities, ruled by individuals styling themselves as satraps, were known as [[Satrapy of Armerdê|Armerdê]], [[Satrapy of Gelale|Gelale]], [[Satrapy of Qelikonê|Qelikonê]], [[Satray of Seqiz|Seqiz]], and [[Satrapy of Sînoriyê|Sînoriyê]]. During this period, many Aburrite cities were destroyed or abandoned, with new cities established by the new Siphrian population; the surviving Aburrite populations- long dictated by a rigidly-enforced [[Aburrite caste system|caste system]]- were thrown into turmoil, and knowledge of the ellušitri script was lost for several centuries. After a long period of initial turmoil, these satrapies eventually securely established themselves over the Aburrites, marking the end of Aburrite civilization. The power structures built by these satrapies would remain in place until the arrival of Islam in Siphria four centuries later.
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| ===Medieval period=== | | ===Medieval period=== |
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| The religion of {{wp|Islam}}, originally from northeastern [[Nautasia]], came to Siphria with the {{wp|Early Muslim conquests|rapid expansion}} of the [[First Caliphate]]. The small polities of the heptarchy lacked the manpower to effectively compete with the armies of the First Caliphate, which had also secured the support of Bedouin populations in [[Awiyyistan]], and by the 669 [[Battle of Bexlê]], the entirety of Siphria was under its control. The First Caliphate installed a primarily-{{wp|Arabs|Arab}} nobility in Siphria to oversee the region; this nobility, in turn, began efforts to convert Siphria to Islam.
| | [[File:Balami - Tarikhnama - Battle of Siffin (cropped).jpg|200px|thumb|left|The [[Battle of something]] saw [impacts].]] |
| [[File:Balami - Tarikhnama - Battle of Siffin (cropped).jpg|200px|thumb|left|The [[Battle of Bexlê]] saw Islamic armies take control of Siphria.]] | | (third empire, fourth alu, fourth empire up until 18th dynasty) |
| Ostensibly, Siphria was under the rule of an emir who answered directly to the {{wp|caliph}}; however, Siphria was separated from the centers of power of the First Caliphate by the vast deserts of the eastern Nautasian interior, which allowed its rulers to operate with extensive autonomy; in 750, Emir [[Abdullah I of Siphria|Abdullah I]] turned this autonomy into ''de facto'' independence. Abdullah's descendants, known as the [[Qasimid dynasty|Qasimids]], ruled Siphria for nearly a century. During this period, substantial efforts to convert the inhabitants of the region to {{wp|Sunni Islam}} were made, and had widespread success; however, a {{wp|Shia Islam|Shi'a Muslim}} presence also developed and persisted in spite of official attempts to suppress it, and [[Īnu Ebēbim]] persisted among the surviving Aburrite population in the region in spite of near-constant persecution.
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| Increasing conflict between the adherents of the Sunni and Shi'a sects of Islam within Siphria ultimately resulted in the downfall of the Sunni Qasimid dynasty and its replacement by the Shi'a [[Ghitanid dynasty]]. While Ghitanid rulers such as [[Hassan I of Siphria|Hassan I]] attempted to centralize their power and strengthen the presence of Shi'a Islam within Siphria, the Ghitanids were wracked by conflict with Sunni nobles, periodic rebellions in Awiyyistan, and scheming within the dynasty that claimed the lives of several Ghitanid emirs. Continuing religious turmoil resulted in the overthrow of the Ghitanids by the [[Atassid dynasty|Atassids]], a Sunni dynasty, in 972, but the Atassids were never able to cement their rule, and continuing religious conflict, combined with overtaxation and a string of crop failures, caused severe turmoil in Siphria.
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| [[File:Ayyubid Az Zahir 1204 Aleppo.jpg|150px|thumb|right|A coin minted by the [[Hesanî dynasty|Hesanî]] ruler [[Husên II of Siphria|Husên II]].]]
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| In 996, this turmoil boiled over into the [[Hesanî Revolt]], so named for a Shi'a Siphrian peasant, [[Hesan II of Siphria|Hesan]], who became one of the ''de facto'' leaders of the revolt and a national {{wp|folk hero}}. After capturing [[Akrê]] and killing Emir [[Muhammad III of Siphria|Muhammad III]] in 1001, the rebels acclaimed Hesan as the new emir and crushed an attempt by several minor lords to depose him; this would mark the establishment of the [[Hesanî dynasty]], which would remain in power for the subsequent four centuries.
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| In line with the dynasty's origins in a peasant revolt, early Hesanî rulers have been widely credited with improving the rights and conditions of Siphrian peasants, and often focused on reigning in the powers of the nobility, particularly Arab nobles. These efforts effectively eliminated Siphria's Arab nobility and saw it replaced by a comparatively new nobility composed of ethnic Siphrians. As time passed and the Hesanî dynasty grew increasingly distant from its roots, however, it reversed several of its early reforms and became increasingly concerned with religious issues, particularly the propagation of Shi'a Islam. Hesanî emirs such as [[Hesan III of Siphria|Hesan III]], [[Elî of Siphria|Elî]], and [[Hesan V of Siphria|Hesan V]] spent large amounts of money on the construction of Shi'a mosques and {{wp|Madrassa|madrassas}}, with the intention of guaranteeing the dominance of Shi'a Islam within Siphria; these efforts were widely successful among the ethnic Siphrian populations of Siphria's coastal regions, but were largely unsuccessful in converting the Bedouin populations of the interior.
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| [[File:Arolsen Klebeband 02 327.jpg|145px|thumb|left|[[Mistefa I of Siphria|Mistefa Sabri]] named himself emir in 1550.]]
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| The stability of Hesanî rule began to deteriorate after the murder of Hesan V in 1365, and by 1394 they had been replaced by a different Shi'a Siphrian dynasty, the [[Eyerî dynasty|Eyerîs]]. Eyerî rule persisted for several decades, but was ended abruptly by [[Mistefa I of Siphria|Mistefa I Sabrî]], an [[Ankoren|Ankoreni]] noble who hired a mercenary army and seized the Siphrian throne in 1550, establishing the [[Emirate of Siphria|Sabrî dynasty]]. After seizing power, Mistefa I replaced native nobles with a new, ethnically Ankoreni ruling caste, and suppressed a collection of small revolts challenging his rule.
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| While the creation of an Ankoreni noble caste helped to secure the rule of the Sabrî dynasty, Sabrî emirs eventually began to seek additional support from the [[Erkemen Empire]]. Over time, Erkemen support became increasingly crucial to the Sabrî dynasty, and the Erkemen sultan began to wield increasing influence over Siphrian affairs; in 1613, Emir [[Selîm II of Siphria|Selîm II]] formally sworn fealty to the Erkemen sultan. Siphria's status as a vassal of the Erkemen Empire would persist for the next three centuries.
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| ===Modern era=== | | ===Modern era=== |
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| (siphrians not happy with sucking ankoren off, but can't do much about it; shaykhism takes root; shaykhism evolves into baha'i in 1844; efforts to repress baha'i have little effect and the religion rapidly gains converts as it spreads among the lower class and entagles itself in siphrian nationalism)
| | [[File:Egyptian artillery.jpg|215px|thumb|right|Siphrian artillery during the [[Khitiyu War]].]] |
| [[File:Shrine Bab North West.jpg|125px|thumb|right|The [[Shrine of the Behaulah]], built in 1919.]]
| | (fourth empire from 1717 into the present) |
| (erkemen collapse in 1913 leads to the fall of the sabri dynasty and the seizure of power by baha'i religious authorities, who establish a theocratic-republican government and then work to suppress islam and replace it with baha'i)
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| [[File:Egyptian artillery.jpg|215px|thumb|left|Siphrian artillery during the [[Heskif War]].]] | |
| (detail various gov't instabilities and military coups and stuff here; [[Heskif War]]) | |
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| ==Politics== | | ==Politics== |
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| ===Governance=== | | ===Governance=== |
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| (theocratic institutions; baha'i clergy structure; council of the faithful, which has the legal right to overrule anything and everything) | | (the monarchy has absolute power; military and courts answer to him) |
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| (republican institutions; presidency, legislative assembly, secular judiciary; probably ostensibly some checks and balances but in practice the executive can do what it wants) | | (a house of commons and of lords exist but are not legislatures; they are purely consultative) |
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| ===Administrative divisions=== | | ===Administrative divisions=== |
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| Siphria is divided into twenty-four [[Governorates of Siphria|governorates]] (پارێزگەحێن, ''parêzgehên''), which are further subdivided into municipalities (شارەدارںیێن, ''şaredariyên''); as Siphria is a {{wp|unitary state}}, however, these subdivisions exercise little autonomy.
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| ====Largest cities==== | | ====Largest cities==== |
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| ==Economy== | | ==Economy== |
| [[File:Iraqi Kurdish villagers in field near Turkish border.jpg|145px|thumb|right|Siphrian farmers near [[Amêdî]].]] | | [[File:Iraqi Kurdish villagers in field near Turkish border.jpg|145px|thumb|right|Siphrian farmers near [[tbd]].]] |
| ===Agriculture=== | | ===Agriculture=== |
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| (largest sector of economy; light industry and textiles) | | (largest sector of economy; light industry and textiles) |
| [[File:Afghan women at a textile factory in Kabul.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Siphrian women at a textile factory in [[Saqriyah]].]] | | [[File:Afghan women at a textile factory in Kabul.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Awiyyistan|Awiyyi]] women at a textile factory in [[tbd]].]] |
| (some heavy industry but it's rare) (talk about heskif?) | | (some heavy industry but it's rare) (talk about heskif?) |
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| ===Resources=== | | ===Resources=== |
| [[File:Gozo, limestone quarry - cutting the stone.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A marble quarry in [[Gewriyê Governorate]].]] | | [[File:Gozo, limestone quarry - cutting the stone.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A marble quarry in [[tbd]].]] |
| (copper, iron, phosphates, and limestone/marble) | | (copper, iron, phosphates, and limestone/marble) |
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| ===Tourism=== | | ===Tourism=== |
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| (please visit historic beautiful siphria part 1: aburrite stuff we stole from them)
| | [[File:Iraqi Museum.jpg|225px|thumb|left|Artifacts on display at the [[National Museum of Siphria]].]] |
| [[File:Iraqi Museum.jpg|225px|thumb|left|[[Aburrite people|Aburrite]] artifacts on display at the [[National Museum of Siphria]].]] | |
| (part 2: islamic stuff we're now ambivalent towards)
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| ===Media=== | | ===Media=== |
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| (actually surprisingly diversified for a country as unstable as siphria, though this is under threat) | | (actually surprisingly diversified for a country like siphria, though this is under threat) |
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| ===Infrastructure=== | | ===Infrastructure=== |
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| ===Ethnicity=== | | ===Ethnicity=== |
| {{Pie chart
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| | thumb = right
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| | caption = <center>'''Ethnic Demographics of Siphria'''</center>
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| | other =
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| | label1 =[[Siphrian people|Siphrian]]
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| | value1 =84.62
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| | color1 =#FFC90F
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| | label2 ={{wp|Bedouin}}
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| | value2 =10.79
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| | color2 =#01411C
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| | label3 =[[Aburrite people|Aburrite]]
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| | value3 =3.56
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| | color3= #D80000
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| | label4 =Other
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| | value4 =1.03
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| | color4 =gray
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| }}
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| (ethnic siphrians)
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| (the bedouins)
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| (the aburrites)
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| ===Religion=== | | ===Religion=== |
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| (glorious and true baha'i faith)
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| (shia islam basically wiped out, but sunni islam persists among bedouins)
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| (aburrite paganism has survived, in defiance of all the odds; it's a very ethnic religion)
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| ===Language=== | | ===Language=== |
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| (siphrian dominant; bedouins speak arabic, aburrites speak their own language)
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| ===Healthcare=== | | ===Healthcare=== |
Siphria (Siphrian: Աբորրէյո, Aburrāyu), officially the Empire of Siphria (Siphrian: Շարշարրէնատո Աբորրէյո, Šaršarrānatu Aburrāyu) is a unitary absolute monarchy located in the Esquarian continent of Nautasia. It is bordered by [LOREM] to the west, the Union of Nautasian Islamic Republics to the north and east, and the Gulf of Siphria to the south. The country is home to roughly 11.7 million people. Its capital and largest city is Aqrū.
Siphria is widely considered to be a cradle of civilization within Esquarium, with evidence of agriculture and pottery dating as far back as the 4000s BCE, and of complex irrigation, writing, and bronze metallurgy by the 2400s BCE. Siphria's political system has typically been based around either a network of competing city-states known as ālū, or around a unified imperial polity. The first of these empires, which lasted for over a thousand years, was proclaimed in 1457 BCE by Narkab-šarra-utsur, overseeing a flourishing of science, trade, and culture before its collapse. The second empire was marked by internal instability and conflict with Awiyyi tribes, exemplified by the conquest of Siphria by an Awiyyi tribal confederation in 14 BCE. The Third Siphrian Empire was marked by periodic conflict with expanding Irfanic polities in neighboring Pasdan and a resumed flourishing of science and culture within Siphria. The current empire, the fourth, was proclaimed in 1568, and underwent a period of substantial modernization and reform in the 1800s. Since the establishment of the Union of Nautasian Islamic Republics, there have been periodic clashes between Siphria and its larger neighbor, most infamously the Khitiyu War in 1974.
(rework government section)
Siphria has a heavily diversified economy, which has helped protect it from the issues facing rentier economies elsewhere in Nautasia. The production of cereal crops, citrus fruits, cotton, tobacco, and rapeseed, as well as the raising of livestock for meat and dairy, continue to be the backbone of the economy in Siphria's rural regions; the illicit production of opium is also a source of income in some rural communities, though the country's government has attempted to suppress this. Mining is also an important source of income in many regions of Siphria; minerals produced in Siphria include iron, copper, lead, zinc, phosphates, limestone, and marble. While Siphria has limited petroleum reserves, oil production does not compose a notable section of the economy. Within urban regions, industry- particularly textile manufacturing, though heavy industry has grown steadily in recent years- serves as the backbone of the economy. Tourism has become an important sector of the Siphrian economy in recent years as well, though it has seen negative repercussions due to instability in Siphria and Nautasia.
(rework geography and demography section)
Etymology
(rephrase but the general idea is still sound)
History
(restructure everything here but some old images and text can probably be reused)
Prehistory and origins
(prehistory, first alu)
Early empires
A relief of ancient Siphrian soldiers returning following a campaign.
(first empire, second alu, second empire, third alu)
Medieval period
(third empire, fourth alu, fourth empire up until 18th dynasty)
Modern era
(fourth empire from 1717 into the present)
Politics
Governance
(the monarchy has absolute power; military and courts answer to him)
(a house of commons and of lords exist but are not legislatures; they are purely consultative)
Administrative divisions
(iunno some mix of vassal monarchs and appointed viceroys probably)
Largest cities
Foreign relations
(ambivalent or hostile to ankoren; entreaties towards ec were ignored)
Military and police
(primary duties: shooting bedouins, shooting ankorenis)
Geography
(big mountain range separates coastal plain from inland flatland)
Climate
(rain shadow effect means a nice coast with mediterranean - koppen csb - weather...)
(coupled with a desert where only fools and bedouin dare live)
Wildlife
Economy
Siphrian farmers near
tbd.
Agriculture
(grains, olives, figs, dates, grapes, and citrus for food; cotton, tobacco, linseed, and rapeseed as cash crops; illicit opium)
Industry
(largest sector of economy; light industry and textiles)
(some heavy industry but it's rare) (talk about heskif?)
Resources
(copper, iron, phosphates, and limestone/marble)
(some petroleum, but not enough to make it a large sector of the economy)
Tourism
Media
(actually surprisingly diversified for a country like siphria, though this is under threat)
Infrastructure
Energy
(imported oil)
Communications
(radio, tv, internet, postal, whatever)
Transport
(roadways)
Demographics
Ethnicity
Religion
Language
Healthcare
Culture
Art
Architecture
Cuisine
Holidays
Literature
Music
Theater
Sports
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