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{{Infobox official post | {{Infobox official post | ||
|post = Premier | |post = Premier | ||
|body = | |body = Shangea | ||
|native_name = 首席部長 | |native_name = 首席部長 | ||
|insignia =Seal of Xiaodong.png | |insignia = Seal of Xiaodong.png | ||
|insigniasize = 130px | |insigniasize = 130px | ||
|insigniacaption = | |insigniacaption = | ||
|image = | |image = Wang Yang (Chinese politician) Washington 2013.jpg | ||
|imagesize = 150px | |imagesize = 150px | ||
|incumbent = [[ | |incumbent = [[Wen Kezhi]] | ||
|incumbentsince = | |incumbentsince = 8<sup>th</sup> March 2022 | ||
|department = [[Government of | |department = [[Government of Shangea]] <br /> [[Premier's Department (Shangea)|Premier's Department]] | ||
|style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}} | |style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}} | ||
|member_of = [[Council | |member_of = [[Executive Council (Shangea)|Executive Council]] | ||
|reports_to = [[State Presidium of | |reports_to = [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]<br>[[Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council]] | ||
|residence = [[Hall of Tranquillity]] | |residence = [[Hall of Tranquillity]] | ||
|seat = | |seat = | ||
|nominator = | |nominator = | ||
|appointer = [[ | |appointer = [[State Chairman of Shangea|Chairperson of the State Presidium]] | ||
In accordance with a vote in the State Presidium | In accordance with a vote in the State Presidium | ||
|appointer_qualified = | |appointer_qualified = | ||
|termlength = While commanding the {{wp|confidence and supply|confidence}} of the | |termlength = While commanding the {{wp|confidence and supply|confidence}} of the Legislative Council<br />With federal elections held no more than five years apart | ||
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of | |constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Shangea]] | ||
|formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1936|09|20}} | |formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1936|09|20}} | ||
|inaugural = [[Lu Keqian]] | |inaugural = [[Lu Keqian]] | ||
|deputy = [[ | |deputy = [[Vice-Premier of Shangea]] | ||
|salary = | |salary = $68,695 | ||
|website = | |website = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Premier of the Auspicious Republic of | The '''Premier of the Auspicious Republic of Shangea''' (''Shangean'': '''行政会总理晓东吉祥共和国'''; ''Xíngzhèng huì zǒnglǐ Xiǎodōng jíxiáng gònghéguó'') is the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Shangea]]. The Premier is appointed by the [[State Chairman of Shangea|Chairperson of the State Presidium]] on the basis that they are the person who can most likely command the confidence of the [[Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council]] and is tasked with leading and appointing members of the [[Executive Council (Shangea)|Executive Council]]. The constitution gives the Executive Council and by extension the Premier partial executive power in Shangea below the State Chairman, meaning they are often perceived as the most powerful person in the Shangean government. Because the Premier must command the confidence of the State Presidium they always come from the largest party or coalition within the State Presidium. | ||
The office of Premier was created in | The office of Premier was created in 1874 being maintained in the [[Heavenly Shangean Empire]], the [[Republic of Shangea]] and the current Auspicious Republic. The longest serving Premier was [[Li Zhaozheng]], who held the post for 12 years and 14 days from 1949 to 1961. Over time the ''de facto'' power of the Premier has fluctuated, at times functioning as a {{wp|dictatorship|dictator}} and at others subordinate to the State Chairman. The current Premier is [[Jiang Zhongyu]] appointed by acting State Chairman [[Yuan Xiannian]] on the 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The post of Premier was created in 1936 following the [[Corrective Revolution ( | The post of Premier was created in 1936 following the [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]], but was the not the first {{Wp|head of government}} in [[Shangea]] - Shangea has retained a permanent head of government since the 1888 [[Constitutional Revolution (Shangea)|Constitutional Revolution]] with the post of Prime Minister (总理; ''Zǒnglǐ'') which had alternated between {{wp|independent (politics)|nonpartisan}} and military officials under the [[Heavenly Shangean Empire]] (with the longest serving Prime Minister being [[Zhao Hongjun]] who served for a total of 13 years, 2 months and 3 days). The [[State of Shangea]] retained the post of Prime but saw a quick turnover of Prime Ministers many of whom did not last beyond 3 months. The Prime Minister was always appointed by the Emperor and only had to rely on the confidence of the Emperor to rule - this sometimes led to Prime Ministers to lack a majority in the Imperial Deliberative Assembly. | ||
The Corrective Revolution saw the new government under [[Lu Keqian]] formally dissolve the post of Prime Minister and the executive cabinet, the General State Affairs Council replacing it via a decree with the post of Premier (首席部長; ''Shǒuxí Bùzhǎng'') to lead the executive [[Council of Ministers of | The Corrective Revolution saw the new government under [[Lu Keqian]] formally dissolve the post of Prime Minister and the executive cabinet, the General State Affairs Council replacing it via a decree with the post of Premier (首席部長; ''Shǒuxí Bùzhǎng'') to lead the executive [[Council of Ministers of Shangea]], with the post being formalised in the 1938 constitution. The inaugural Premier was Lu Keqian who also held the posts of [[Chairperson of the State Presidium of Shangea|Chairman]] of the [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]], ''{{wp|da yuan shuai}}'' of the [[Army of National Salvation]] and Chairman of the [[Shangean Regeneration Society]] - although this allowed Lu to rule as an unchallenged {{wp|autocracy|autocrat}} [[File:Sun Yat-sen 2.jpg|thumb|150px|left|[[Lu Keqian]], the inaugural Premier]]it meant the Premier had relatively few institutional powers with Lu personally drawing his power from the military and the party. | ||
The death of Lu saw [[Ma Renzhong]] ascend to the position of Premier, albeit he ruled until 1946 in a {{Wp|diarchy}} with the State Chairman [[Yu Changshao]]. Following the 1946 attempted coup by Yu Ma asserted himself as an autocrat, but this was due to Ma drawing power due to strong backing from the | The death of Lu saw [[Ma Renzhong]] ascend to the position of Premier, albeit he ruled until 1946 in a {{Wp|diarchy}} with the State Chairman [[Yu Changshao]]. Following the 1946 attempted coup by Yu Ma asserted himself as an autocrat, but this was due to Ma drawing power due to strong backing from the Shangea Regeneration Society which he was Chairman of. It was not until [[Sun Yuting]] in 1974 that the role of Premier was given much stronger institutional role, with Sun creating the Office of the Premier to strengthen the Premiers hand, allowing Sun to rule in a much more heavy handed manner. | ||
Following the [[Orchid Revolution]] the Premier was changed to be elected by a majority vote in the State Presidium, which alongside democratic elections dismantled the dictatorial elements of the post, albeit Sun's reforms gave them much greater powers than most heads of government in democracies. The {{wp|dominant party state|dominant status}} of the | Following the [[Orchid Revolution]] the Premier was changed to be elected by a majority vote in the State Presidium, which alongside democratic elections dismantled the dictatorial elements of the post, albeit Sun's reforms gave them much greater powers than most heads of government in democracies. The {{wp|dominant party state|dominant status}} of the Shangea Regeneration Society (which between 1988-2016 retained a {{Wp|supermajority}} in the State Presidium) meant the Premier was able to continue ruling in a {{wp|Strongman (politics)|strongman manner}}. | ||
Since the appointment of [[ | Since the appointment of [[Jiang Zhongyu]] in 2014 however the position of Premier has weakened. This is partly due to the fact that Jiang is not the Chairman of the Regeneration Society (with the post being held by [[Yuan Xiannian]]) and from September 2016-January 2017 was serving in a {{Wp|caretaker government|caretaker}} role due to the inability to form government following the [[Shangean general election, 2016|2016 election]]. The [[Shangean general election, 2017|2017 general election]] also did not see the Regeneration Society get a supermajority in the State Presidium. | ||
==Appointment== | ==Appointment== | ||
The Premier is officially nominated by the [[ | The Premier is officially nominated by the [[State Chairman of Shangea]] before being approved by the [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]. Once the State Presidium approves of them they must secure the approval of the Legislative Council by a majority vote (391 votes) with the Premier being requiered to hold a seat in the Legislative Council. If the State Presidium rejects the choice of the State Chairman, the State Chairman has to nominate another candidate - although the State Presidium can nominate another candidate they cannot be approved without being formally nominated by the State Chairman. | ||
If the | If the Legislative Council and the State Chairman come to a deadlock regarding to the appointment of a Premier, the State Chairman's choice for Premier would take precedence over the Legislative Council. | ||
==Qualifications== | ==Qualifications== | ||
The qualifications for the Premier are laid out in the Constitution of | The qualifications for the Premier are laid out in the Constitution of Shangea. | ||
*Must be a | *Must be a member of the Legislative Council (this in of itself requires Shangean nationality, permanent residence in Shangea for over 20 years, be over the age of 26 and to be officially approved by the Examination Secretariat). | ||
*Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a {{Wp|felony}} or not currently under investigation). | *Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a {{Wp|felony}} or not currently under investigation). | ||
*Have not worked against the integrity of the | *Have not worked against the integrity of the Shangean nation or opposed the ideology of [[National Principlism]] and {{wp|socialism}}. | ||
*Since a 1953 constitutional amendment Premiers must not be currently serving in the [[ | *Since a 1953 constitutional amendment Premiers must not be currently serving in the [[Army of National Salvation]] (albeit former members of the military may become Premier). | ||
==Role== | ==Role== | ||
==Official office and residence== | ==Official office and residence== | ||
[[File:West facade of the Presidential Palace's Auditorium, Nanjing, 2016.jpg|thumb|150px|The Hall of Tranquillity | [[File:West facade of the Presidential Palace's Auditorium, Nanjing, 2016.jpg|thumb|150px|The Hall of Tranquillity.]] | ||
The official residence of the Premier is the [[Hall of Tranquillity]]. The Hall of Tranquillity was built in 1922 by the [[Shanrong Emperor]] as part of the larger [[Xiajiyu Palace]] complex, albeit the Shanrong Emperor only ever visited the palace once. The Hall of Tranquillity building was used as a provisional military headquarters during the [[ | The official residence of the Premier is the [[Hall of Tranquillity]]. The Hall of Tranquillity was built in 1922 by the [[Shanrong Emperor]] as part of the larger [[Xiajiyu Palace]] complex, albeit the Shanrong Emperor only ever visited the palace once. The Hall of Tranquillity building was used as a provisional military headquarters during the [[Shangean Civil War]], and following the [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]] was designated the official quarters of the Premier. The Hall of Tranquillity's use is limited as a home to the Premier, with the official office of the Premier being the Executive House that is also housed within the Xiajiyu Palace. | ||
==List of Premiers== | ==List of Premiers== | ||
{{main|List of | {{main|List of premiers of Shangea}} | ||
===Living former Premiers=== | |||
As of August 2020 there are four former Premiers - [[Li Jingyao]], [[Han Guanzheng]], [[Xi Yaotang]] and [[Jiang Zhongyu]] - who are still alive. The most recent Premier to die was [[Liao Congwu]], who died in 2014. | |||
<gallery class="center"> | <gallery class="center"> | ||
Lee Teng-hui 2004-cropped.jpg|[[Li Jingyao]]<br>served 1988-1991<br>born 1924 ({{age|1924|07|02}}) | |||
President of the People’s Republic of China, Mr. Hu Jintao in New Delhi on March 29, 2012.jpg|[[Han Guanzheng]]<br>served 1995-2007<br>born 1940 ({{age|1940|04|23}}) | |||
File:Wen Jiabao in Davos crop.jpg|[[Xi Yaotang]]<br>served 2007-2014<br>born 1943 ({{age|1943|04|22}}) | |||
File:Xi Jinping March 2017.jpg|[[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br>served 2014-2022<br>born 1956 ({{age|1956|04|27}})</gallery> | |||
|[[ | |||
|[[ | |||
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Politics in Xiaodong]] | [[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Politics in Xiaodong]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:52, 2 April 2023
| Premier of Shangea | |
|---|---|
| 首席部長 | |
 | |
| Government of Shangea Premier's Department | |
| Style | His/Her Excellency |
| Member of | Executive Council |
| Reports to | State Presidium Legislative Council |
| Residence | Hall of Tranquillity |
| Appointer | Chairperson of the State Presidium In accordance with a vote in the State Presidium |
| Term length | While commanding the confidence of the Legislative Council With federal elections held no more than five years apart |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Shangea |
| Inaugural holder | Lu Keqian |
| Formation | 20 September 1936 |
| Deputy | Vice-Premier of Shangea |
| Salary | $68,695 |
_Washington_2013.jpg)
The Premier of the Auspicious Republic of Shangea (Shangean: 行政会总理晓东吉祥共和国; Xíngzhèng huì zǒnglǐ Xiǎodōng jíxiáng gònghéguó) is the head of government of Shangea. The Premier is appointed by the Chairperson of the State Presidium on the basis that they are the person who can most likely command the confidence of the Legislative Council and is tasked with leading and appointing members of the Executive Council. The constitution gives the Executive Council and by extension the Premier partial executive power in Shangea below the State Chairman, meaning they are often perceived as the most powerful person in the Shangean government. Because the Premier must command the confidence of the State Presidium they always come from the largest party or coalition within the State Presidium.
The office of Premier was created in 1874 being maintained in the Heavenly Shangean Empire, the Republic of Shangea and the current Auspicious Republic. The longest serving Premier was Li Zhaozheng, who held the post for 12 years and 14 days from 1949 to 1961. Over time the de facto power of the Premier has fluctuated, at times functioning as a dictator and at others subordinate to the State Chairman. The current Premier is Jiang Zhongyu appointed by acting State Chairman Yuan Xiannian on the 19th June 2014.
History
The post of Premier was created in 1936 following the Corrective Revolution, but was the not the first head of government in Shangea - Shangea has retained a permanent head of government since the 1888 Constitutional Revolution with the post of Prime Minister (总理; Zǒnglǐ) which had alternated between nonpartisan and military officials under the Heavenly Shangean Empire (with the longest serving Prime Minister being Zhao Hongjun who served for a total of 13 years, 2 months and 3 days). The State of Shangea retained the post of Prime but saw a quick turnover of Prime Ministers many of whom did not last beyond 3 months. The Prime Minister was always appointed by the Emperor and only had to rely on the confidence of the Emperor to rule - this sometimes led to Prime Ministers to lack a majority in the Imperial Deliberative Assembly.
The Corrective Revolution saw the new government under Lu Keqian formally dissolve the post of Prime Minister and the executive cabinet, the General State Affairs Council replacing it via a decree with the post of Premier (首席部長; Shǒuxí Bùzhǎng) to lead the executive Council of Ministers of Shangea, with the post being formalised in the 1938 constitution. The inaugural Premier was Lu Keqian who also held the posts of Chairman of the State Presidium, da yuan shuai of the Army of National Salvation and Chairman of the Shangean Regeneration Society - although this allowed Lu to rule as an unchallenged autocrat
it meant the Premier had relatively few institutional powers with Lu personally drawing his power from the military and the party.
The death of Lu saw Ma Renzhong ascend to the position of Premier, albeit he ruled until 1946 in a diarchy with the State Chairman Yu Changshao. Following the 1946 attempted coup by Yu Ma asserted himself as an autocrat, but this was due to Ma drawing power due to strong backing from the Shangea Regeneration Society which he was Chairman of. It was not until Sun Yuting in 1974 that the role of Premier was given much stronger institutional role, with Sun creating the Office of the Premier to strengthen the Premiers hand, allowing Sun to rule in a much more heavy handed manner.
Following the Orchid Revolution the Premier was changed to be elected by a majority vote in the State Presidium, which alongside democratic elections dismantled the dictatorial elements of the post, albeit Sun's reforms gave them much greater powers than most heads of government in democracies. The dominant status of the Shangea Regeneration Society (which between 1988-2016 retained a supermajority in the State Presidium) meant the Premier was able to continue ruling in a strongman manner.
Since the appointment of Jiang Zhongyu in 2014 however the position of Premier has weakened. This is partly due to the fact that Jiang is not the Chairman of the Regeneration Society (with the post being held by Yuan Xiannian) and from September 2016-January 2017 was serving in a caretaker role due to the inability to form government following the 2016 election. The 2017 general election also did not see the Regeneration Society get a supermajority in the State Presidium.
Appointment
The Premier is officially nominated by the State Chairman of Shangea before being approved by the State Presidium. Once the State Presidium approves of them they must secure the approval of the Legislative Council by a majority vote (391 votes) with the Premier being requiered to hold a seat in the Legislative Council. If the State Presidium rejects the choice of the State Chairman, the State Chairman has to nominate another candidate - although the State Presidium can nominate another candidate they cannot be approved without being formally nominated by the State Chairman.
If the Legislative Council and the State Chairman come to a deadlock regarding to the appointment of a Premier, the State Chairman's choice for Premier would take precedence over the Legislative Council.
Qualifications
The qualifications for the Premier are laid out in the Constitution of Shangea.
- Must be a member of the Legislative Council (this in of itself requires Shangean nationality, permanent residence in Shangea for over 20 years, be over the age of 26 and to be officially approved by the Examination Secretariat).
- Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a felony or not currently under investigation).
- Have not worked against the integrity of the Shangean nation or opposed the ideology of National Principlism and socialism.
- Since a 1953 constitutional amendment Premiers must not be currently serving in the Army of National Salvation (albeit former members of the military may become Premier).
Role
Official office and residence
The official residence of the Premier is the Hall of Tranquillity. The Hall of Tranquillity was built in 1922 by the Shanrong Emperor as part of the larger Xiajiyu Palace complex, albeit the Shanrong Emperor only ever visited the palace once. The Hall of Tranquillity building was used as a provisional military headquarters during the Shangean Civil War, and following the Corrective Revolution was designated the official quarters of the Premier. The Hall of Tranquillity's use is limited as a home to the Premier, with the official office of the Premier being the Executive House that is also housed within the Xiajiyu Palace.
List of Premiers
Living former Premiers
As of August 2020 there are four former Premiers - Li Jingyao, Han Guanzheng, Xi Yaotang and Jiang Zhongyu - who are still alive. The most recent Premier to die was Liao Congwu, who died in 2014.
Li Jingyao
served 1988-1991
born 1924 (100)
Han Guanzheng
served 1995-2007
born 1940 (84)
Xi Yaotang
served 2007-2014
born 1943 (81)
Jiang Zhongyu
served 2014-2022
born 1956 (68)
