|
|
| (39 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox military conflict | | {{Infobox military conflict |
| | conflict = November Events | | | conflict = Miersan War |
| | width = | | | width = |
| | partof = | | | partof = |
| | image = Cour martiale à Athènes, jugement du prince André de Grèce.jpg | | | image = East Miersan Army 1980.jpeg |
| | image_size = | | | image_size = |
| | alt = | | | alt = |
| | caption = Council of military coup commanders after taking over Ocerto | | | caption = East Miersan forces occupying Bełskie, Ziarnokosz, 1980 |
| | date = 7 November 1925 | | | date = 1980 to 1981 |
| | place = [[Paretia]] | | | place = [[Miersa]] |
| | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | | | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> |
| | map_type = | | | map_type = |
| Line 17: |
Line 17: |
| | map_label = | | | map_label = |
| | territory = | | | territory = |
| | result = Nationalist victory | | | result = Partial Eastern Victory |
| *[[Carlos Palmeira]] and the [[New Nation of Paretia Party|PNNP]] take over government | | *East Miersa fails to conquer West |
| *Era of [[Functionalist Paretia]] begins | | *West Miersa cedes [[Zobrodz]] and [[Ziarnokosz]] to East Miersa |
| *[[Democratic Party of Paretia|PDP]] members exiled and [[Paretian Section of the Workers' International|SPIO]] members executed | | *Beginning of prelude to the [[Lemovician War]] |
| *Etruria begins to lean towards siding with Estmere
| | *Some West Miersan villages taken in south |
| | status = | | | status = |
| | combatants_header = | | | combatants_header = |
| | combatant1 = {{flagicon image|ParetianRepublicFlag.png}} [[Xulio Sousa|Government of Xulio Sousa]] | | | combatant1 = {{flag|West Miersa}} '''Supported by:'''<br>{{flag|Soravia}}<br>{{flag|Tengaria}} |
| *[[Democratic Party of Paretia]]
| | | combatant2 = {{flag|East Miersa}} '''Supported by:'''<br>{{flag|Champania}}<br>{{flag|Valduvia}}<br>{{flag|Auzance}}<br>{{flag|Chistovodia}} |
| *[[Paretian Armed Forces|Military supporters of Sousa]]
| |
| *[[Paretian Law Enforcement|Loyalist Paretian Law Enforcement]]
| |
| *{{flagicon image|ΣΚ-ΕΛΔ-01.svg}}[[Paretian Section of the Workers' International]]
| |
| *Pro-Sousa protesters
| |
| '''Support:''' | |
| *{{flagicon image|FlagoftheEtrurianFirstRepublic.png}} [[Etrurian Second Republic|Etruria]]
| |
| | combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag1925-1925.png}} [[Functionalist Paretia|Nationalists]]
| |
| *[[New Nation of Paretia Party]]
| |
| *[[Paretian Armed Forces|Military supporters of Palmeira]]
| |
| *[[Paretian Law Enforcement|Nationalist Paretian Law Enforcement]]
| |
| *Monarchy of [[Roberta II]]
| |
| *[[Royal Guard of Paretia]]
| |
| *[[Obrigé]]
| |
| *[[National Catholics]]
| |
| *Pro-Palmeira protesters
| |
| *{{flagicon image|Fascist Flag of Gaullcia.png}} [[Functionalist Gaullica|Gaullica]]
| |
| '''Support:''' | |
| *{{flagicon image|ArdesianState flag.png}} [[Ardesian State|Ardesia]]
| |
| *{{flagicon image|AmathiaF.png}} [[Holy Amathian State|Amathia]]
| |
| | combatant3 = | | | combatant3 = |
| | commander1 = [[Xulio Sousa]]<br>[[Otávio Henriques]] | | | commander1 = {{flagicon|West Miersa}} [[Sylwester Petroski]]<br>{{flagicon|West Miersa}} [[Eryk Tworek]]<br>{{flagicon|West Miersa}} [[Maurycy Bronikowski]] |
| | commander2 = [[Carlos Palmeira]]<br>[[Roberta II]] | | | commander2 = {{flagicon|East Miersa}} [[Stanisław Kantorowicz]]<br>{{flagicon|East Miersa}} [[Tomisław Sobolewski]]<br>{{flagicon|East Miersa}} [[Sylwester Krasowsky]] |
| | commander3 = | | | commander3 = |
| | units1 = | | | units1 = 270,000 |
| | units2 = | | | units2 = 201,000 |
| | units3 = | | | units3 = |
| | strength1 = | | | strength1 = |
| Line 61: |
Line 42: |
| | campaignbox = | | | campaignbox = |
| }} | | }} |
| The '''Eventos de Novembro''' ("November Events"), or the '''1925 Paretian coup''', was a political dispute that culminated in the takeover of Paretia by the [[New Nation of Paretia Party]] and [[Carlos Palmeira]]. It lasted from August to November 1925. It saw the conflict between liberal supporters of [[Xulio Sousa]], the elected Premier of Paretia in the 1925 election, and the functionalist supporters of Palmeira, supported by Queen [[Roberta II]]. The coup was lead by the monarchy, pro-functionalist military, and Gaullican forces. Gaullican troops would occupy parts of Paretia and shut down ports to help facitate the coup. | | The '''Miersan War''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: Wojna Mierska) was an armed conflict between [[East Miersa]] and [[West Miersa]] from 1980 to 1981. The war resulting in the shelling of West Zobrodz, and the invasion of West Miersa. The northern regions were taken swiftly whilst in the south Eastern forces were defeated. The war ended with a partial East Miersan victory, annexing land from the West, despite their goal of unifying Miersa not being met. |
| ==Background==
| |
| After the [[Great Collapse]] halted to [[Turno Tranquilo]] and economic progress and modernisation halted in Paretia, radicalisation grew immensely as left-wing groups like the [[Paretian Section of the Workers' International]], the [[New Nation of Paretia Party]], and others who wanted to turn Paretia away from the liberal democracy that it had established under [[Túlio Serras]] and the LNRM. The LNRM had splintered into centre-right and centre-left sides, eventually dissolving. The rise of numerous parties eyeing power lead to electoral alliances forming in the multi-party system.
| |
|
| |
|
| After the death of [[Lourenço III]] in 1921, his daughter, [[Roberta II]], a staunch supporter for the [[National Functionalism|National functionalist]] PNNP came to power, further pushing for supporting it's charismatic leader, [[Carlos Palmeira]]. Many liberal, sotirian democratic, and social democratic parties united into or allied with the [[Democratic Party of Paretia]], under the leadership of charismatic [[Xulio Sousa]]. The next election was mainly between the PNNP, PDP, and SPIO. | | After the [[Rose Revolution]] in the East occured, throughout the 1970s, mass protests and uprisings by minority groups inspired by the Eastern revolution occured across West Miersa. Alongside this, West Miersan and East Miersan forces had been battling each other in a series of border clashes, further escalating the tensions between the two nations. These border clashes resulted in an ultimatum by the East to demilitarise immediately. West Miersa's government, then led by [[Sylwester Petroski]], refused. |
|
| |
|
| ==Events==
| | On [DATE] 1980 the East began a massive bombardment of [[West Zobrodz]]. This was followed by Eastern forces beginning and invasion of the West, initially in the region of [[Ziarnokosz]] in the north. This was followed by invasion of the region of [[Zanawiwasie]] shortly after. West Miersan forces were taken by surprise and quickly pushed back in these regions, cities like Belskie and Rycerow fell quickly to the invading forces. |
| ===Election===
| |
| {{multiple image
| |
| |align=left
| |
| |image1=Ελευθέριος Βενιζέλος (cropped).jpg
| |
| |width1= 154
| |
| |caption1= [[Xulio Sousa]], leader of the [[Democratic Party of Paretia]]
| |
| |alt1= =
| |
| |width2= 170
| |
| |caption2= [[Carlos Palmeira]], leader of the [[New Nation of Paretia Party]]
| |
| |image2=Ioannis Metaxas 1937 (cropped) 2.jpg
| |
| |alt2==
| |
| }} By 1925 the Paretian atmosphere was already in turmoil, like Etruria, Paretia was indecisive over aligning with Gaullica and the [[Entente]], or Estmere and their allies, as global tensions began to rise. By the 1925 election many voters either sided with the liberal big-tent Democratic Party of Paretia and their alliance, or the New Nation of Paretia Party, and allies.
| |
|
| |
|
| The [[1925 Paretian election]] saw the victory of Sousa and the PDP-led alliance by a slim margin against the PNNP. The PDP would also allied with Paretian Section of the Workers' International in forming a government. Carlos Palmeira objected to the results and called upon the people the protest the election. Queen [[Roberta II]], a devout functionalist and leader in the PNNP, also refused to appoint Sousa officially as Premier.
| | In the north West Miersan resistance failed to stop the region from falling, more resistance was seen in the southern parts of the country. By 1981 the city of West Zobrodz began to be besieged by the East. In the south, Eastern forces would attempt to take the cities of Damsyl and Tarclaw, but were bogged down and eventually stopped. |
| ===Conflict===
| |
| [[File:153 6 acclamation de la foule à Salonique de Venizelos.jpg|230px|thumb|left|Pro-Sousa protesters in Precea in September 1925]] In August 1925 protests would erupt in many cities, with lots of them initially being pro-functionalist, with counterprotests being mostly pro-Sousa in support of the new government. Roberta II would eventually appoint Sousa due to threats by the PDP-run Senate to strip her of powers. The government would attempt to reform the military to rid of functionalist support and would attempt to ban functionalist paramilitaries, this however was not seen through.
| |
|
| |
|
| Street brawls became much more violent, they already had been on the rise in the previous months, but the violence reached a tipping point during August to November 1925. Paramilitaries such as the Army of the New Nation would be used to fight protesters in support of Sousa, and the fairly pro-functionalist police and military stood back during these attacks. Many civilians would be hurt in these protests, as they included physical violence, firebombings, and other attacks.
| | In April 1981 a counteroffensive began to take shape in the south. Eastern forces were pushed back into Zanawiwasie and eventually the city of Rycerow was retaken by the West. In the north the counteroffensive was less successful, taken only small amounts of land before being bogged down. West Zobrodz eventually finally fell in the Autumn of 1981, afterwards the West would sign a ceasefire with the East. The West would lose the city of Zobrodz, and the region of Ziarnokosz, and some small patches of land in the south in a costly victory for the East. |
|
| |
|
| The protests would continue into September and October as Palmeira continued to fan the flames against Sousa. Roberta II and pro-functionalist military leaders met to plan to take over the government, and would secretly plan to work with functionalist Gaullican forces. General [[Joaquim Fidalgo]] would go to Gaullica to meet with the Admiral of the Gaullican Fleeet, [[Bruno Lavigne]], to plan their involvement in the upcoming coup. The monarchy of Roberta II would use their wealth to bribe police units and grendamarie from stopping the coup as well. Sousa ignored warning signs as the unrest continued. | | The war would have profound effects on both nations and Euclea as a whole. In the east the war led to the end of the revolutionary radicalism that had begun with the Rose Revolution heralding a era of national reconstruction and severe austerity as the economy entered prolonged stagnation. In the west the war led to the rise of [[Kazimierz Glogowski]] and the beginning of the [[Lemovician War]] heralding a period of foreign policy isolationism and political and ethnic violence. |
| | |
| ===Coup===
| |
| [[File:Greek occupation troops landing on Smyrna.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Functionalist Paretian troops in Precea]] The planning of the coup took place throughout late October into early November, Gaullican ships left port on November 5th. On November 7th Pro-functionalist Paretian officers and troops take over their barracks and mobilize into numerous cities across Paretia. They would arrest pro-Sousa officers and troops in their forces.
| |
| | |
| The coup forces would take over Precea's government district in the morning of November 7th, arresting members of the PDP and SPIO in the Senate of Paretia. The members of the PDP were sent to a camp to be watched, while members of the SPIO, which the PNNP thought as a greater threat, were taken behind the Senate and executed. Primavera Palace was taken over after, and Sousa arrested. He would be sent to Palacio do Solo, the royal palace.
| |
| [[File:162 9 le Mirabeau bombarde Ahènes.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Gaullican ship ''Yvettine'' fires on Paretian loyalist ships]] Elsewhere, members of the New Nation of Paretia Party's paramilitary, the Army of the Newe Nation, and monarchist militias known as the Obrigé would take over rural areas. Many civilians accused of being enemies of the party were killed by these militias and paramilitaries in these rural takeovers. Many of the other major cities were taken over by military.
| |
| | |
| Gaullican troops would enter Tosutonia and occupy areas like Encerosa and Comteís. Gaullican marines would land on the coast of Paretia from Montecara and occupy coastal ports and cities to stop any escapees. In Pancarta, Gaullican ships would fire upon an attempted escape by loyalist troops to Emessa, sinking them. By the end of the day the functionalists had complete control of Paretia. Xulio Sousa would be exiled to Etruria by Roberta II and so were many of his allies.
| |
| | |
| Other PDP members remained in jail, some PDP, SPIO, and loyalist military elements escaped into the countryside such as the western mountains and joined together to form a resistance.
| |
| | |
| ===Aftermath===
| |
| [[File:GaullicanParetiacoup.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Gaullican troops with Tosuton children after the coup]] After the takeover by the military, Palmeira would go to Precea to be appointed and sworn in as the new Premier of Paretia by Roberta II. Palmeira would then announced the formation of an alliance between the PNNP and other nationalist and monarchist movements in Paretia such as the Obrigé and National Catholic movements. They would then form the new government, known as the [[7th of November Movement]], named after the date of the coup, ushering in the era of [[Functionalist Paretia]].
| |
| | |
| Many SPIO members were publically hanged in Precea afterwards. With show trials of PDP members taking place as well, many of them sentenced to life in prison. Gaullica would send even larger numbers of troops to help put down resistance movements in the more-left leaning regions of Tosutonia and Esmeira. They would establish a military presence across Paretia and were accused of being occupiers by Gallophobe Etrurian elements. Gaullica would declare an alliance with the new Paretian government.
| |
| | |
| The international reaction saw criticism from Estmere, Werania, and Valduvia. Whilst it saw support and embrace from Ardesia, Amathia, and Shangea. In Etruria, the coup would become the biggest catalyst to Etruria's involvement with the Grand Alliance in the coming war, the favor of the Gallophile elements of Etruria's government fell out as fear of Paretian expansionist sentiment rose, especially over Emessa, which Palmeira had supported taking. The event further rose global tensions that culminated into the Great War.
| |
The Miersan War (Miersan: Wojna Mierska) was an armed conflict between East Miersa and West Miersa from 1980 to 1981. The war resulting in the shelling of West Zobrodz, and the invasion of West Miersa. The northern regions were taken swiftly whilst in the south Eastern forces were defeated. The war ended with a partial East Miersan victory, annexing land from the West, despite their goal of unifying Miersa not being met.
After the Rose Revolution in the East occured, throughout the 1970s, mass protests and uprisings by minority groups inspired by the Eastern revolution occured across West Miersa. Alongside this, West Miersan and East Miersan forces had been battling each other in a series of border clashes, further escalating the tensions between the two nations. These border clashes resulted in an ultimatum by the East to demilitarise immediately. West Miersa's government, then led by Sylwester Petroski, refused.
On [DATE] 1980 the East began a massive bombardment of West Zobrodz. This was followed by Eastern forces beginning and invasion of the West, initially in the region of Ziarnokosz in the north. This was followed by invasion of the region of Zanawiwasie shortly after. West Miersan forces were taken by surprise and quickly pushed back in these regions, cities like Belskie and Rycerow fell quickly to the invading forces.
In the north West Miersan resistance failed to stop the region from falling, more resistance was seen in the southern parts of the country. By 1981 the city of West Zobrodz began to be besieged by the East. In the south, Eastern forces would attempt to take the cities of Damsyl and Tarclaw, but were bogged down and eventually stopped.
In April 1981 a counteroffensive began to take shape in the south. Eastern forces were pushed back into Zanawiwasie and eventually the city of Rycerow was retaken by the West. In the north the counteroffensive was less successful, taken only small amounts of land before being bogged down. West Zobrodz eventually finally fell in the Autumn of 1981, afterwards the West would sign a ceasefire with the East. The West would lose the city of Zobrodz, and the region of Ziarnokosz, and some small patches of land in the south in a costly victory for the East.
The war would have profound effects on both nations and Euclea as a whole. In the east the war led to the end of the revolutionary radicalism that had begun with the Rose Revolution heralding a era of national reconstruction and severe austerity as the economy entered prolonged stagnation. In the west the war led to the rise of Kazimierz Glogowski and the beginning of the Lemovician War heralding a period of foreign policy isolationism and political and ethnic violence.
West Miersa Supported by:
Soravia
Tengaria
East Miersa Supported by:
Champania
Valduvia
Auzance
Chistovodia