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{{Infobox country
The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.
|conventional_long_name      = <big>Kingdom of Katranjiev</big><br>[[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]]: Мамлакат Катраниаджиф<br>[[Katranjian]]: Кралство и Катранджиев<br>[[Lec language|Lec]]: Крулствѫ Катрәнчиевә
|image_map                  = KatranGeoMap.png
|map_caption                = <big>Outline of Katranjiev</big>
|common_name                = Katranjiev
|image_coat                  = CoatOfArmsOfKatranjiev.PNG|166px
|symbol_type                = [[Coat of arms of Katranjiev|Coat of arms]]
|image_flag                  = KatranjievFlag.PNG|166px
|national_motto              = Дю е с нас<br><small>God is with us</small><br>
|national_anthem            = [[Katranjiev, ti priyaten zemya]]<br><small>Katranjiev, thy pleasant land</small><br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=http://www.nationalanthems.info/bg.mp3]]
|region                      = [[Esquarium]]
|capital                    = [[Krasimir]]
|largest_city                = [[Krasimir]]
|official_languages          = [[Luziycan]], [[Katranjian]], [[Namorese language|Namorese]]
|regional_languages          =
|ethnic_groups              = [[Katranjians]] (43%)<br>[[Luziycans]] (27%), [[Namorese]] (25%), Other (5%)
|ethnic_groups_year          = 2010
|religion                    = [[Costeny]] (67%)<br>[[Txoism]] (24%)<br>Other (7%)<br>None (2%)
|demonym                    = Katranjian
|government_type            = {{wp|Constitutional monarchy}}
|leader_title1              = [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|Queen]]
|leader_name1                = [[Elis of Katranjiev|Elis]]
|leader_title2              = [[Prime Minister of Katranjiev|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2                = [[Elena Magdarov]]
|leader_title3              = Party
|leader_name3                = [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev]]
|sovereignty_type            = Independence
|established_event1          = From Namor
|established_date1          = AD 723
|area_km2                    = 182812.571
|area_sq_mi                  =
|population_census          = 23,903,392
|population_census_year      = 2015
|population_density_km2      = 130.753546
|GDP_PPP                    = $802,876,452,819
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $35,588.39
|GDP_nominal                = $746,314,812,465
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      = $31,222.13
|Gini                        = 29.7
|Gini_year                  = 2013
|HDI                        = 0.913
|HDI_year                    = 2015
|HDI_category                = Very High
|currency                    = [[Katranjian zalot]] (Ƶ) (=100 tsent)
|currency_code              = LUL
|time_zone                  =[[Time zones in Esquarium|ST]]
|time_zone_DST              =
|date_format                =mm-dd-yyyy
|drives_on                  =right
|cctld                      =[[.kj]]
|iso3166code                =KJV
|calling_code                =[[Telephone numbers in Katranjiev|+55]]
|sport                      =[[wikipedia:Association football|Association football]]
|animal                      ={{wp|Eastern imperial eagle}}
|fruit                      =Lime
|flower                      ={{wp|Rosa canina}}
|statsdisplay                =yes
}}


'''Katranjiev''' is a country located on the continent of [[Borea (Esquarium)|Borea]] in [[Esquarium]]. Katranjiev is bordered to the east by [[Mazaristan]], to the south by [[Lecia]], and to the west by TBC, and abuts the [[Gulf of Gelyevich]] to the north.
(TBC)


==Etymology==
==Background==
Katranjiev comes from "katranjia," standing for one who works at a tar pit, referring to the mines in (TBC) in the southern reaches of the country.
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.


==History==
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."
===Prehistory===
It is believed that the first known evidence of human life in [[Katranjiev]] was a {{wp|homo ergaster}} from around 1 million years ago near [[Vetovo]] in [[Krasimir (duchy)|Krasimir]]. The earliest known settlements in present-day Katranjiev date to around 8,000 years ago. Around the same time, {{wp|agriculture}} became prevalent in Katranjiev.


Like neighboring [[Lecia]], the [[Kléwërny culture]] inhabited eastern Katranjiev between 1100 BCE and 600 BCE, when the [[Arénowo culture]] took over, and ruled until around the 200s BCE.  
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.


===First civilizations===
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."
[[File:Petra,_Al-Khazneh.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Ruins of Mekabiru]]
Following the collapse of the [[Arénowo culture]], two civilizations rose roughly independently at around the same time.


Southeastern Katranjiev was taken over by the [[Genida people|Genida]], who spoke {{wp|Ethiopian Semitic languages|Old Genida}}. Around 140 BCE, [[Arogewi]] united the Genida to create the [[Genida Empire]], with its capital at Mekabiru, near present-day [[Mekbiru]]. During the Genida Empire, they developed a {{wp|Arabian polytheism|polytheistic religion}}, {{wp|Ge'ez script|a writing system}}, and a legal system.
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.


Western Katranjiev was taken over by the (TBC).
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.


==Planning==
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."


===Early medieval era===
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.
[[File:Kovachevitsa_village_in_southern_Bulgaria.jpg|150px|thumb|left|A preserved medieval village in [[Krasimir]]'s outskirts]]


After having achieved independence from [[Namor]] in AD 723, the new [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King of Katranjiev]], [[Vaclav I]] sought to convert the population from [[Txoism]] to [[Tastanism]] by constructing {{wp|cathedrals}} and {{wp|churches}}. At the same time, he sought to ensure that the new monarchy remained independent from the (declining) [[Neo-Sepcan Empire]] and from [[Namor|the Namorese]].
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.


When Vaclav I died in 759, his son ascended the throne as [[Vaclav II]]. Under his reign, [[Katranjian language|Katranjian]] began to flourish as a spoken language, and among the Slavs, it was widely adopted by local Slavic peoples, especially the nobility who previously spoke [[Namorese language]]. He did much to help the people, but realizing the vast expanse that Katranjiev had, he divided them up into various duchies, giving his favored nobles land and substantial power, and granting himself the title "[[Krasimir (duchy)|Duke of Krasimir]]." In [[Krasimir]], after a fire in 779, he ordered that it be rebuilt with a huge emphasis on stonework and aesthetic beauty.
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.


After Vaclav II's death in 801, his son, [[Vaclav III]] became isolationist. Shutting himself out from both [[Luziyca#Culture|Luziycan]] and [[Namor#Culture|Namorese]] culture, he forbade {{wp|Greek language|Argilian}} and expelled many [[Kannei Namorese|Namorese]] to present-day [[Riro]], which he felt was "uninhabitable and useless land" in AD 811. However, in AD 815, Vaclav III was killed following a dispute with his wife. His son was an infant, so the wife assumed the title of Queen, as [[Sofia I of Katranjiev|Sofia I]]. She initially ruled as regent, but in AD 830, when [[Vaclav IV of Katranjiev]] was of age, Sofia I kept a strong grip on power and declared herself King. While she reopened up to Luziycan culture and permitted Argilian, few Namorese remained in Katranjiev due to Vaclav III's cultural genocide. However, in 834, Vaclav IV fled Krasimir and declared his capital to be in [[Sudak]], splitting the country into two parts. In response, Sofia sent an army to defeat Vaclav IV, but it backfired: many sided with him and marched on Krasimir. Finally, in 838, Sofia I was killed and Vaclav IV was crowned as the rightful King.
==Program==
===Registration===
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.


Under Vaclav IV, he kept his mother's policies regarding culture, but instituted Salic law to prevent a crisis that happened again. However, as he reigned, he kept the powers of the Dukes in check and increased the influence of the church over Txoism. However, some Dukes began militarizing, especially along the "granichna" (marchland) with Namor. Thus, in 846, Vaclav IV required that dukes if they conquered "territory one third the size of their duchy or larger, they must give that territory to their second son still alive: if none can be found, it must be given to the nearest male relative," mainly to eliminate threats against Krasimir. In 851, Vaclav IV would die, and his son, Vaclav V took power.
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.


[[Vaclav V of Katranjiev|Vaclav]] was the last major King to play a huge part in early sovereign history, with him deregulating defense to the Duchies and giving them autonomy except monetary affairs and a "tithe" paid to the crown every ten years, of 1/10th of the profits each Duchy made in the past decade. After his death in 882, [[Vaclav VI of Katranjiev|Vaclav VI]] ascended the throne, but he only functioned as King of Katranjiev when needed: otherwise, he was more of the Duke of Krasimir. His successors maintained a "hands-off" attitude to ruling Katranjiev.
===Settlement===
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing.  


===Later medieval era===
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.
By 1108, [[Vaclav XI of Katranjiev|Vaclav XI]] took the throne, and reasserted royal authority. With the eastern duchies slowly planning on conquering Riro, he increased the tithe to 1/5th of all profits in the past five years, and changed the ''[[Royal Edict of 846]]'' so restrict existing duchies from adding more than one half of their existing area for the new territory, meaning that if a duchy conquered an area ten times the size of its original area, that area will be a separate Duchy. At the same time, the new rules bankrupted many Duchies, resulting in a reduction of Duchies from seventy to twenty, and the rise of the influence of the Apostol family who ruled the Duchy of Desislav. By 1137, he died with no clear successor: he had no son, but he had a daughter who was married to a Duke from the Apostol family, but since their descendants weren't considered legitimate, it passed to his nephew, [[Vaclav XII of Katranjiev|Vaclav XII]].


The duke, [[Todor Apostol]] responded by refusing to pay tithes, and invaded its neighbors, stopping at the [[Reka River]]. He then declared himself King Apostol I, again dividing Katranjiev into two Kingdoms. Todor and Vaclav XII would wage war on each other, though it was stalemated, and thus, in 1149, they both signed a treaty of "temporary separation," allowing both to keep their titles as Kings of Katranjiev, and send delegations to other nations, but otherwise were basically sovereign.
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.


[[Todor Apostol]] responded by reducing the number of duchies in his territories to four: [[Chavdarov]], [[Haralambi]], [[Deyan]], and [[Desislav (duchy)|Desislav]], the latter of which he set his capital, [[Desislav]], a former quiet fishing village which he developed into a suitable royal city, and a major port city, displacing Sudak in the process. The truce would last until 1268, when [[Vaclav XVI of Katranjiev|Vaclav XVI]] attempted to depose [[Apostol I of Katranjiev|Nikolai Apostol]], then the claimed [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King of Katranjiev]] by invading the southeast. While Vaclav XVI made huge gains at first, his army suffered from a lack of morale, and after a decisive defeat in Albena, Nikolai's forces advanced past the mountains and eventually surrounded the northern capital of [[Krasimir]]. In 1273, Nikolai's forces ousted Vaclav XVI, and Nikolai tore the 1149 treaty, and declared himself [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King]] [[Apostol I of Katranjiev]].
===Consolidation===
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.


Under the reign of Apostol I, political unity was restored, and he converted Katranjiev from [[Tastanism]] to [[Costeny]]. While he was both [[Desislav (duchy)|Duke of Desislav]] and of [[Krasimir (duchy)|Krasimir]], he reduced the amount of [[Sualny|suvalny]] and only the "{{wp|marchland|marchland duchies}}" were permitted to keep their traditions and privileges. He even gave the marchland duchies incentives to take the north and the east: the Duchy of Talnakh gained influence as a result, taking some land in present-day [[Luziyca]] and in the east, albeit slowly to avoid violating the Royal Edict of 846. By 1289, Apostol I died and his son, [[Apostol II of Katranjiev|Apostol II]] took the throne. Apostol II moved the capital to Desislav, mainly to reduce what he perceived was "cultural dependence upon Bethlehem," and more to move the capital to his main stronghold. Unfortunately, in 1293, the Duke of Talnakh did exactly what Todor Apostol did, but instead turned the tables: Duke Vladimir of Talnakh took over Krasimir and declared himself [[Vladimir I of Katranjiev]]. To make things complicated, in 1306, both died of the plague, and their sons, Apostol III and Vladimir II fought, albeit stalemating. Finally, they came to a peace treaty where they agreed to name a daughter of Vladimir II as King, in exchange for her marrying the Apostols, and a substantial sum of money. This agreement would mark the end of the medieval era in Katranjiev.
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."


===Anagenisi===
===Personal integration===
[[File:Jan_Kochanowski_with_Ursula.png|150px|thumb|left|[[Vidyo Bachev]] and his daughter]]
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.
As a result of the agreement between the two claimants to the throne, [[Sofia II of Kalena|Sofia II]] took power in 1309, marrying [[Apostol III of Katranjiev|Apostol III]]'s son. The capital was moved back to [[Krasimir]], but was under a joint regency of her father and father-in-law. When she turned 15 in 1315, she became Kral in her own right, and under her rule, she encouraged more conquests. By 1330, she conquered the Principalities of Duna and Athos, Veresk, and thus, Katranjiev reached the Sprska Sea. At the same time, she ordered an invasion on present-day [[Riro]], with the intent of setting up duchies. Many settlers came with the soldiers and gradually, the Katranjians were halted by the Namorese until by 1369, the Katranjians were able to conquer it. The region was divided into duchies and they were granted "marchland" status, as well as the Duchies of Duna, Athos, Veresk and Talnakh, while revoking that status from the rest. This enabled Katranjiev to have uninterrupted access to the [[Gulf of Gelyevich]].


After her death in 1372, her son was to choose either Apostol, Vladimir, or Vaclav, and he chose [[Vaclav XVII of Katranjiev]] (or Vaclav the Terrible), out of spite of the grandparents. Vaclav the Terrible revoked the rights of the duchies and purged many opponents of the monarchy, including many Dukes. He centralized the army, the bureaucracy, and importantly established a permanent trail linking the north to the south in 1396, via a series of passes that were ordered to be "kept clear" for "all traffic," thus reducing the time needed for information or goods to travel from six months to three months. Vaclav XVII however in his later years was obsessed with the morbid, and Vaclav XVII was stabbed to death twenty-seven times in 1407, leaving the throne to his grandson, [[Vaclav XVIII of Katranjiev|Vaclav XVIII]].
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."


Vaclav XVIII was noted as the "most learned fool among the Cositenes" since he issued edicts on numerous subjects, but was incompetent in ruling. In 1409, Duna and Athos, as well as Veresk fell to a Lombardian invasion. He eased the treatment and restored the rights revoked by his father, but by 1413, he was declared mentally unstable by his son, and locked in an oubliette, where he died of starvation. His son, [[Vaclav XIX of Katranjiev|Vaclav XIX]] attempted to centralize the system, but he was killed by nobles in 1419. His direct relatives were killed as well, and an election was held to select a new King.
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.


In 1420, [[Apostol IV of Katranjiev]] was elected King by the nobility, and he responded by increasing military defense and bolstering them along the marchlands. He gave some more rights to the nobles, but many were content to let him rule all of Katranjiev, and so he issued decrees that centralized the government a bit, by balancing interests of the nobles and his interest to see a united Katranjiev. In 1439, Apostol IV began investing in the arts and began to encourage education by sending teachers to teach the merchants how to read. However, in 1453, Apostol IV died of the {{wp|plague}}, and his son took the throne.
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."


The plague killed about 55% of the population, mostly in the northern plain, but also on the trade route to Desislav. The new King, [[Apostol V of Katranjiev|Apostol V]] responded by temporarily moving the capital to the high-altitude [[Gorbachev]] and in 1459, with the literacy levels rising, he opened the [[Royal University of Krasimir]], the country's first university with the intent to rival [[St. Anthony's Academy]] in [[Bethlehem]].  
===Political integration===
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.


In 1463, he moved back to Krasimir, and Apostol V was invested in the needs of the population. Thus, in 1468, he called a "Subranie na provintsiyata" (estates-general) with 100 clergy, 100 nobility, and 100 commoners, each with one vote, to give a "suitable amount of power to the King, while leaving some for the nobility." They all approved with 3-0 to do so, and thus, he delegated mundane tasks to all but marchland duchies, which kept their original rights: mainly salutes, honors, and arbitrating disputes between landowners, commoners, and criminals. In 1484, Apostol V would die, and his grandson, [[Apostol VI of Katranjiev|Apostol VI]] took power as King.
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."


Under Apostol VI, he continued his father's wish for centralization and needs: he was the first to deliberately travel around the country, mainly to observe how ordinary people lived and see the complaints, touring it from 1485-1489. In 1489 after he returned, he instituted legislation that would abolish {{wp|serfdom}}, but the nobility threatened to kill him unless if he held another estates-general. Thus, in 1490, it was held and the legislation was defeated 2-1. The King hammered out a compromise though, requiring that "the lords treat the serfs as well as they do the freedmen," approved by all three estates. In 1493, he once again toured the country, and after returning in 1497, he concluded that their grievances were mostly met. In 1506, he began to commission paintings and build a new palace, though he remained sympathetic to the needs of the poor. Finally, in 1516, Apostol VI would die of {{wp|tuberculosis}}.
==Implementation==
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.


[[Apostol VII of Katranjiev|Apostol VII]] continued the policies, and toured from his coronation to 1522, but began seeing a new problem as more people embraced [[Tastanism]]. Thus, in 1523, he declared that all those following "schismatic sects of the national religion" (i.e. [[Tastanism|Tastanists]]) were to be punished, but the [[Religious Edict of 1523]] also declared that "all Dxoists (archaic name for [[Txoists]] and common Katranjian name) shall have the right to practice their religion openly and be protected with the same rights as their Cositene brethren."<br>
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses lacked the necessary insulation to keep the interior warm during the cold Great Island winters. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Aklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]]."
The Religious Edict of 1523, while supported by Namorese was opposed by Tastanists, of which many people, mainly Luziycans have converted. Thus, while Apostol VII attempted to lure artists to Katranjiev, he was massing his forces. Apostol VII began attacking Tastanists and the Duke of Talnakh, [[Paul Talnakh]] who by then converted to Tastanism responded by attempting to overthrow Apostol VII. Apostol called on Bethlehem to support his Kingdom and prevent Paul from being King. Paul took Krasimir, and Apostol VII fled to Desislav. Paul declared himself King Pavlov, but by 1528, the Mikragan and Katranjian armies defeated King Pavlov and executed him. To punish the Duchy of Talnakh and to prevent it from being too influential, in 1532, he signed a treaty in Krasimir splitting Talnakh into two: the eastern part would be subject to [[Kheratia]], and the Duchy of Talnakh which remained Katranjian, thus dividing the city into two parts, including the castle.<br>
After the treaty, Apostol VII having dealt with the Tastanists returned to ruling day-to-day, and with the Renaissance, he encouraged more learning, and discussion. He tolerated lese majeste against himself and permitted criticism of his politics, including the war, but he forbade Tastanism. In 1528, having recovered, the capital returned to Krasimir, and he toured the country again. Both times, he published reports stating the conditions of the peasantry. Then in 1536, he toured one last time, but he died in Trifonov (present-day [[Baicheng]]) in 1541 from alcohol poisoning.


Grandson [[Apostol VIII of Katranjiev|Apostol VIII]] would take power, under the regency of his mother, Sofia of Krasimir until 1552. In 1552, he was able to rule by himself, and he immediately toured all of Katranjiev like his predecessors have done, and published another report in 1557 after returning back to Krasimir. In 1567, he repealed the [[Royal Edict of 846]] that regulated the size of the duchies, and implemented the [[Royal Edict of 1567]], which abolished what is left of special rights for all ranks below duke except for their title, but giving them a stipend. In addition, a salt tax was implemented, at a tax suitable to the King, but exempting Riro, mainly to fund centralization and the stipends. The other marchland duchies were greatly reduced in rights except defense.  
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.


In 1570, he once again toured the Kingdom, and when he returned in 1575, he published another report on the needs of the government. Notably, in 1576, he published a document that provided a budget for the maintenance of the Kingdom, showing an apparent surplus of 300,000 zalot. In 1583, Apostol VIII negotiated a new treaty that gave the entire castle to the Barony of Talnakh in exchange for the right to transport and another treaty with Veresk so to have a single village be a fishing port.<br>
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.
In 1593, the King set the number of Duchies to twenty, and in 1595, conducted the first nationwide census. The results in 1597 were compiled into the "sobstvenost i zemyata" (land ownership) book which compiled 62,592 landowners, of which only 4,108 owned land greater than "one section" (i.e. 2.5 square km). The "dependents" list comprised about 93,459 people, and the peasantry list had 81,953 freemen and 114,696 serfs, plus 591 slaves and 6,014 criminals. As well, there were 19,444 merchants, thus, when combined, they all add up to 378,749 people, with the largest city being [[Desislav]] at 31,593 people (12,194 merchants, 3,341 landowners, 12,033 dependents of landowners, 4,005 freemen, and 20 slaves), with the runner-up being Krasimir at 11,403 people (6,492 merchants, 1,042 landowners, 3,821 dependents of landowners, 133 criminals, 411 freemen and 44 serfs), combined only having about 11% of the population.  


In 1604, Apostol VIII toured the country for the last time, and published a report in 1609, but died in 1610 of old age.
===Integration===
The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be {{wp|primary school|primary schools}}, with {{wp|secondary school|secondary schools}} only being built in [[Port Lochlan]] and [[Tulaktarvik]] to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.


===Enlightenment===
Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with [[Charles Aklack]] saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.
In 1610, his grandson, [[Apostol IX of Katranjiev|Apostol IX]] took the throne. During his reign, [[Licho|Lizhov]] became a major port city in its own right, and permanently displacing [[Yichun]] and [[ as major port cities. In 1622, he toured Katranjiev and published a report in 1627 of the standards of the peasants and nobles, showing the south fared worse than the north due to the war. Thus, Apostol IX lifted many taxes including the salt tax in the south and increased the burden on the peasantry in the north. For the first time in 1628, he imposed the Salt Tax on Riro, as well as "tithes" from the duchies in Riro (1/10th of the income over five years in each duchy must be paid to the King). In 1633, a {{wp|tsunami|tidal wave}} devastated the southern shore of Katranjiev, with over 3,000 lives lost, though Lizhov was only slightly damaged with 20 people from there killed, due to the rebuilding efforts of Apostol IX. However, unlike Lizhov, Apostol IX refused to fund construction efforts of the cities, stating that "God destroyed these towns because He was displeased with the sins that have been occurring in these towns, unlike Lizhov which have followed God."<br>
This response triggered a peasant revolt in 1634, led by Sasho from Albena. Sasho declared himself King [[Deyan of Katranjiev]], and sought to march to Katranjiev. He called on the help of Mikrago and Bethlehem to support him, but neither backed him, instead sending their own forces to back Apostol IX. In 1635, at the Battle of Krasimir, Apostol IX barely defeated the rebels, and Sasho managed to escape. As punishment, he reinstated the taxes on the southern duchies, except the city of Desislav. The increased taxes only motivated Sasho to lead yet another rebellion, this time backed by the Duke of Deyan, [[Oleks Deyan]] in 1640, and after taking all the land south of Karpati Mountains, he managed to cross them and take Krasimir, forcing Apostol IX to flee to the city of [[Predplanina]] in 1641. During the brief reign of King Deyan, he held an Estates-General which almost immediately instead of a creation of a permanent Parliament resulted in a majority voting for Apostol IX to return to power. When Apostol IX returned in 1643, he executed Sasho, and temporarily split up the [[Deyan|Duchy of Deyan]] into Severna-Deyan and Yuzhna-Deyan, and also declared that "should the Duchy be united, [[Chavdar]] shall be the new capital, not [[Albena]]." The Duke was also executed in 1645, and in 1647, he once again toured the country. That year, a flotilla arrived in [[Jathana]], with [[Danielov I of Kalena|Emil Danielov]] defeating a fleet of pirates and being granted [[Kalena|the Raj of Sarusala]] as a reward.


In 1649, Apostol IX was brutally slain in Albena by angry civilians resentful for the crackdown of the rebellion and his refusal to rebuild the town.
Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.


Since he had no son, it passed to his nephew, who took the throne as [[Apostol X of Katranjiev|Apostol X]]. In 1651, he reunited the [[Deyan|Duchy of Deyan]] but kept the capital in Chavdar. Nonetheless, he finally extended funding to rebuilding [[Yichun]], [[Haruki]], and other towns, as well as lowering the tax burden on merchants. In 1652, he toured the Kingdom to investigate the situation of the peasants and the Empire. After his return in 1658, he published a report and a budget showing a surplus of 600,000 zalots in the treasury. In 1663, he began to invite scientists to reside in Krasimir. In 1670, Apostol X decided to embark on a "Golyamo" tour, to traverse the entire country, not just to find out how the peasants are doing, but to experience the local cultures. After spending a decade visiting every town and village in the country, he returned and published a book describing the variations of Katranjian culture, from the "Dxoist peoples of the littoral," to the "Luziycans in the West" and the "Old Katranjians of the South," and each outlining the subcultures and which towns they were most prevalent, releasing the massive compendium in 1682, describing the languages, customs, variations, staple foods, religions, population, and even how they perceive authority (the total population was 512,491 people, but didn't describe their structure). In 1688, an avalanche devastated parts of Krasimir, but the King quickly funded the reconstruction of the city into a grander city, shaping its modern day appearance. In 1692, he began conceptualizing plans for a "{{wp|wagonway}} from Desislav to Krasimir" that he hoped would "cut travel time to only a month." 20 miles of it were laid from Desislav to a nearby town (32 km), but the nobles convinced him that it was a waste of money, and the project was abandoned, albeit not before it became a popular attraction, reducing commute times to only two hours from a day or two. In 1695, Apostol X began to invest in mining, and by 1700, the seeds of the Industrial Revolution have took hold in Katranjiev, with the first cities to industrialize being Krasimir and Desislav. In 1702, Apostol X made a tour of the country, seeking another Golyamo Tour, but in 1710, he died in his sleep in Sudak.
Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the ''Stoney County Act'', passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name [[Stoney County]] on that date.


[[File:Prokudin-Gorskii-49.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Prokudin Palace, seen in 1921]]
==End of the program==
His great-grandson, [[Apostol XI of Katranjiev|Apostol XI]] was just 4, so his mother ruled as regent. In 1711, she declared herself Queen Sofia III (Sofia the Morbid), but officially, she was still a regent. As a widow, she wore black and was obsessed with the morbid, often ordering impalements and hangings for her own amusement, while abusing her son to the point of "severe mental and physical damage," according to the nobles. By 1719, the nobles had enough of her behavior and the Dukes of [[Talnakh (duchy)|Talnakh]], [[Durvo y Lovets|Durvo]], and [[Durvo y Lovets|Lovets]] agreed to execute Sofia III and implement their own regency for his own safety.  
[[File:Crosbie_1983-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|President [[Griffith Davidson]], 1980]]
While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]] in 1965, after President [[Ian Withers]] lost the [[Elections in Surrow#1971|1971 general election]], [[Isaac Rosenhain]] commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.


In 1721, at the age of 15, Apostol XI ascended the throne, but years of constant abuse meant that he was not able to make crucial decisions. Thus, the three Dukes convinced him to make him only Duke of Krasimir, and pass the title of Duke of Desislav to his cousin. In 1722, Apostol XI toured the country, and he was quickly dubbed "detekral" or "child king" for his childish demeanor, taking delight in things that "amused the young." A doctor that was by his side stated that "he was so abused by his mother that he has basically become a child in mind, though adult in body," and also noted the "flat face that looks like a spitting image of a Namorman." He didn't have a clear idea of what was right and what was wrong, resulting in the Triarchy making important decisions. Notably, when he returned to Krasimir in 1730, the Triarchs wrote a report based on the testimony of the doctor on his tour, and in 1732, they decided to build a palace for the King's pleasure near one of his favorite spots: on the slope of a mountain surrounded by forests, resembling an old castle, completing the [[Prokudin Palace]] by 1740. In 1743, it was said "his mental age was about five or six, while he was physically thirty-seven years of age." Apostol XI often invited children to play with him at his hillside palace, where he resided more often than at [[Krasimir Castle]], which he hated.
In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:


In 1748, he decided to tour the country again, with the subjects appreciating him. After a report was written by the doctor, when he returned in 1756, Apostol XI was officially placed under a regency under Apostol's doctor, Dr. Nadezhda, whose family lived most of the time in the palace. In 1758, he was strangled to death by an overly curious boy at the Prokudin Palace, and his cousin's son took power as [[Zhivkov of Katranjiev|King Zhivkov]].
<blockquote>"''Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting the Itchalnu language from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed''."</blockquote>


===Industrial revolution===
The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.
[[File:Hartmann_Maschinenhalle_1868_(01).jpg|150px|thumb|left|Katranjian factory, 1872]]
[[Zhivkov of Katranjiev|Zhivkov]]'s first act as [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King of Katranjiev]] was to reduce taxes on the merchants. In 1761, he attempted to reduce the hold of the {{wp|guilds}}, but he was forced to hold an Estates General, where it was voted 2-1 to keep the guilds. Despite that, he curbed their influence and permitted substantial industrialization.


By 1770, [[Desislav]] became an industrial city, and Zhivkov embarked on another tour. Like that of his great-great-grandfather, Apostol X, he took ten years to visit, and published another book similar to that in 1784, describing the ways of the peoples of Katranjiev, similar to the "Golyamo" book, and listing the population at 801,492 people. It listed Desislav as the largest, at 101,851 people with Krasimir the second largest at 78,391 people, and to some extent also replicated the Land Ownership Book of 1597 but with updated information, albeit it was less detailed than the original book.
President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for "up to an hour per day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, [[Griffin Davidson]], saying that Rosenhain "sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the traditional Surrowese way of life."


However, in 1785, the [[Hao dynasty]] launched an invasion of [[Riro]], seeking to retake it and incorporate it back into Namor. While Katranjiev defeated the Hao militarily and inflicted casualties, as King Zhivkov felt concerned that "the Oriental population have greater manpower than our tiny realm," he entered into talks to prevent the Hao from launching another assault. Thus, in 1786, the [[Treaty of Licho|Treaty of Lizhov]] was signed, with the taxes collected in the five duchies ([[Iztokov]], [[Katran]], [[Maritsa]], [[Trifonov]] and [[Valeriev]]) be equally divided between the two countries, and allowed authorities from both countries to operate. Thus, Riro became a {{wp|condominium (international law)|condominium}} between the Hao and the Katranjians.
In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children unable to decide their futures." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued under the guidance of the Ministry of Northern Development, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, [[Kippenburg Inlet]] in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.


In 1788, Zhivkov began printing paper money for [[Katranjian zalot|zalots]] and the ten srebumi piece (the zalot was divided into 20 srebumi, 1 srebro was divided into 12 chasti, with 1 chast divided into 4 treski/tresk), while keeping coins for the rest, mainly to reduce cost. In 1790, he issued an Edict regulating the usage of Latin and issued the first major standard of Katranjian, mainly that the "official text to be used in documents is to come from the dialect spoken in Krasimir." In 1792, Zhivkov began to improve the "roads" between towns which were at the time just dirt paths, and by 1800, most of the strategic routes (i.e. direct) had cobblestone save for those crossing the Karpati Mountains as result of Zhivkov's plans to improve the roads, and in 1806, he introduced a government mail service, although private carriers still were allowed to serve "personal mail." In 1812, King Zhivkov died from old age.
Most of the final vestiges of the Northern Integration Scheme were abolished in 2015 under President [[Wyatt Martel]] as part of his vision to improve relations with the indigenous peoples of Surrow. The two improvement districts were renamed to districts, with the districts receiving increased powers over their own governance, and the district councils being mostly elected instead of being appointed by the central government. However, the districts still have the power to declare settlements unsustainable.


His son, [[Apostol XII of Katranjiev|Apostol XII]] took office, and invested in experimental railroad technology. Thus, he built a {{wp|wagonway}} to Iliev, reducing travel times from a week to a day. At the same time, many mining guilds started to expand their search with more and more modern technologies, mainly to find coal, gold and copper, and invested in railway technology. By the end of the 1810s, many wagonways/railways were being built, and industrialization had increased: in 1824, oil was first struck near [[Baicheng]]. During the 1820s and 1830s, innovation had increased, and standard of living initially rose. At the same time, {{wp|romantic nationalism}} began to appear, with many advocating a "Greater Katranjiev" with control of Veresk, Duna and Athos (in present-day [[Mikrago]]), parts of [[Kheratia]] adjacent to Katranjiev, as well as lands of Namor across the sea. In 1840, a song embodying the ideals of Katranjiev was performed and it was adopted as the royal anthem. By 1842, many of the wagonways have converted to the {{wp|steam engine}}, and in 1845, a new line from Krasimir to Desislav was built, shortening travel times from three months to three days. In 1848, the first {{wp|telegram|telegraph network}} was laid between Desislav and Krasimir, and by 1851, it was connected to Bethlehem's system.  
==Legacy==
As a result of the Northern Integration Scheme, poverty rates among the Itchalnu population have exceeded the national average: While in the 2021 census, the national poverty rate was at 8.1% of the population, the [[United Itchalnu Organisation]] reported that 41.5% of all Itchalnu lived in poverty as of 2021, meaning that 26.5% of all people in poverty in Surrow were Itchalnu. [[Charles Aklack]] said in 1982 that "the cause of poverty among our people" were the resettlement programs and the education system which "deprived Itchalnu of the ability to live with dignity" and "made the Itchalnu into a perpetual underclass like our {{wp|Innu people|Chequan}} brothers to the south."


In 1854, Apostol XII implemented a network of state schools, serving from Kindergarten to Grade 6 with the intent of mass-education, and the following year, all Katranjian male children were required to attend school: whether state or private. State schools were only permitted to teach in Katranjian and were to depict its history in a positive light.<br>
The Northern Integration Scheme has been blamed for the destruction of traditional Itchalnu culture, both through the introduction of Western lifestyles that Itchalnu had generally not been exposed to, and through government policies that destroyed Itchalnu culture, such as banning the use of Itchalnu in schools, slaughtering dogs owned by Itchalnu, and cracking down on traditional hunting and fishing practices. In 2003, linguist [[Mark Harris]] noted that prior to the 1950s, the {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu language}} had "significant dialectal variation across Great Island and Kikik Island," but because of the Northern Integration Scheme exposing Itchalnu to those who spoke different dialects of Itchalnu, combined with the standardisation of Itchalnu from the 1960s onward, "younger Itchalnu who speak the language sound more alike than their grandparents."
However, prosperity was not to last: in 1860 with news of revolution in [[Limani]] and the installment of [[Huswa Varanken]] as leader, many Luziycans in the western regions of Katranjiev began clamoring for unifying Katranjiev into Luziyca, due to their common Slavic culture. Thus, a revolt led by [[Igor Sprskov]] began with the intent of forming a Republic and uniting with the Republic of Luziyca. Huswa's forces supported the revolt and some of them helped assist the revolt in Katranjiev. Thus, Sprskov's forces were able to capture much of the land west of the [[Reka River]], dividing Katranjiev into two. Realizing how fruitless it would be to flee to Desislav by rail since the rebels could easily take it over, he decided for a last stand, and in 1861, the Battle of Krasimir showed a monarchist victory. However, the railroad network that had since been built enabled the rebels to be mobile and take Desislav in 1862, before being ousted the same year. By December, they conducted the annual truce, but the Katranjian monarchists used the opportunity to weed out as many Republican rebels as they could. In the process, Sprskov was captured, and was hung in early 1863. After news of the fall of Bethlehem came, Apostol XII appealed to Duna and Athos, Veresk and Talnakh to join Katranjiev, and while they took up the offer, the Luziycans invaded the area and by Dec. 24, 1863, the Katranjians were forced to return to the 1532 borders. However, the agreement promised that Luziyca will leave Katranjiev alone. Thus, Apostol XII invested heavily in rebuilding the country, and in 1865-1866, conducted a nationwide tour by train. In 1868, he abolished {{wp|serfdom}} and released all serfs. In 1870, the first true census since 1595 was conducted, showing a population of 1,314,596 people, with Desislav having 214,002 people, and Krasimir having 155,302 people. By 1880, it rose to 1,591,490 people, with Desislav being at 239,592 people, and Krasimir at 223,594 people. Apostol XII died in 1883 of old age in his sleep.


===Constitutional monarchy===
However, the Northern Integration Scheme led to the development of Itchalnu political movements. The first Itchalnu political organisation to emerge was the [[Northern Party (1971)|Northern Party]], founded by [[Boyd Shields]] in 1971, which advocated for greater autonomy to Great Island, for indigenous rights, and to end the Northern Integration Scheme. However, the Northern Party was supplanted by [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]] in 1979, which was explicitly pro-indigenous rights and advocated for {{wp|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} policies. In 1982, the [[United Itchalnu Organisation]] was formed to advocate for the interests of Itchalnu people.
In 1883, [[King Apostol XIII]] took power, and embarked on massive reforms. In 1884, he convened an Estates-General, doubling the Third Estate so it formed half of the Estates-General and giving each member one vote instead of each estate. Most importantly, he ordered that they all meet together instead of separate rooms, making the session the first one since 1641 (under usurper Oleg) or in 1490 (under Apostol VI). The King proposed reforms, to permanently keep an estates-general under the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|Parliament]] with two houses: the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|National Assembly]] and the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev#Royal Assemby|Royal Assembly]]. An elected [[Prime Minister of Katranjiev|Prime Minister]] will be chosen by all male citizens over the age of 21, and most importantly forced all the Duchies to implement legislatures similar to that. Passing 625-575, mostly from the Third Estate, the King devolved much of his power and erased virtually much of the remaining powers of the Dukes, including that of the marchlands, which he felt were no longer needed.
 
Thus, in 1885, a [[Constitution of Katranjiev|new constitution]] was implemented, providing suffrage to men over 21, formally abolishing all the remaining rights and privileges of the Katranjian nobility, save for an annual stipend from the state, titles and land, and ended the [[Sualny|feudal]] system in Katranjiev. Those powers were to be delegated to the legislatures of both the country and duchy, including a 150-seat National Assembly, thus requiring a census every 10 years in a year ending with a zero. Thus, the first PM, [[Dragan Tsankov]] was elected on a non-partisan platform. Under Tsankov's rule, he expanded compulsory education from Kindergarten to Grade 8 and modelled it closely on the Luziycan system. In 1889, a constitution was granted to [[Kalena]], giving it independence. He was re-elected in 1890, and the economy remained prosperous, thus resulting in his re-election in 1895.
 
However, Tsankov died in 1896 from {{wp|tubercolosis}}, and elections were held. Those elections saw [[Miro Karapetrov]] of the [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev|Conservatives]] win. Under his brief time in office, he formally supported Luziyca in the [[First Namo-Luziycan War|Namo-Luziycan War]] and mended ties with Luziyca. However, Miro Karapetrov was arrested and charged on charges of {{wp|homosexuality}} in 1898. He was removed from office, and was replaced by Deputy Prime Minister [[Radoslav Mladenov]], although the scandal was enough to bring the Conservative government down in 1900, with a vote of no confidence after a controversial budget.
 
In 1900, PM [[Leonid Simeonov]] became PM, the first from the [[Liberal Party of Katranjiev|Liberal Party]]. In 1902, women over the age of 30 were given the vote, and by 1904, Katranjiev was prospering economically. He won the 1905 election, and in 1906, officially permitted "any and all" religions, superseding the Edict of 1523 that outlawed all religions but [[Txoism]] and the official religion, [[Costeny]]. The following year, the earlier road network built by Zhivkov began to be improved to be safe for motor traffic, with the first car officially licensed in 1907, as well as a road linking Desislav with Krasimir, completed in 1909. In 1908, Katranjiev bribed Hào officials in the area immediately to the east of Katranjiev to be placed "under the protection of Katranjiev" due to rumors of an "impending" republican revolution against the [[Hào dynasty]] in [[Namor]]. In 1910, Simeonov retired from politics and another Liberal candidate won.
 
In 1910, [[Yuri Sokolov]] won, and in 1911, a post office system was officially started. The next year, a welfare system began, and in 1913, he saw living standards rise. However, in 1913, Apostol XIII died of a stroke, and his son, [[Apostol XIV]] took power and became the King of Katranjiev. That same year, Katranjiev annexed the [[Eastern duchies of Katranjiev|far-eastern duchies]], and incorporated the area into Katranjiev. Yuri Sokolov improved the economy and during that time, Glodzhevo became a major rival port city to Desislav. By 1914, the region had been completely divided up into duchies.
 
In April 1915, [[Grigor Nadezhda]] of the [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev|Conservative]] party won the election. In 1917, Grigor implemented a free K-12 education system and supported literacy programs for the Katranjian language which he said was "the greatest language that mankind has ever witnessed. If more speak and write in this marvelous tongue, then the world shall be better off."
 
Grigor Nadezhda won the 1920 election by a landslide, and throughout the early 1920s it became a major trade hub. In 1923, Grigor created a non-partisan civil service. In 1925, Nadezhda retired from poltiics and another Conservative candidate, [[Ilarion Boyanov]] became Prime Minister.
 
Ilarion Boyanov continued Grigor's policies, and by the late 1920s, oil was first struck in the Katran region (tar sands which dominated much of the area), which resulted in great wealth for Katranjiev. However, he died from a {{wp|stroke}} and was succeeded by [[Samuil Li]], who called for snap elections.
 
[[Marion Daskalov]] was elected. While he provided oil and financial support to the allies, and set up defense, he decided to improve the conditions of the poor. Universal healthcare was introduced in 1930, and a public housing program began. However, he was voted out in 1933 for a controversial budget.
 
The Conservatives won again, with [[Ognyan Simeonov]] (son of Leonid Simeonov) becoming the fourth prime minister. Ognyan ceased the expansion of the welfare state, but because of its popularity could not be dismantled. His anti-communism proved his greatest asset and refused to support the Liberationists, instead backing the Republicans with aid. In 1935, he lowered the minimum voting age to 20.
 
===Liberationist rule===
{{main|People's Republic of Katranjiev}}
[[File:Katranflag5189.png|250px|thumb|left|Flag of Katranjiev from 1937 to 1976]]
In 1937, following the victory of [[Yunglang Antelope]] in [[Namor]], a surprise victory of the [[Liberationist Party of Katranjiev|Liberationists]] through an election suspected by many to be highly rigged brought in [[Huankun Chen]], the first minority to be a [[Prime Minister of Katranjiev|Prime Minister]].
 
After the [[Supreme Court of Katranjiev|Supreme Court]] began investigating in the election, on Oct. 23, 1937, the Liberationists with a 2/3rds majority voted to suspend in the 1885 Constitution and place dictatorial power within Chen. On Nov. 18, Chen arrested the royal family and declared the abolition of the Kingdom and the establishment of the [[People's Republic of Katranjiev]], and a [[Liberationism|Liberationist]]-based [[Constitution of Katranjiev, 1937|constitution]] was adopted on Dec. 9th, modeled on the [[Constitution of Namor|Namorese constitution]].
 
The new constitution creating the People's Republic of Katranjiev was approved on Dec. 11th via a fraudulent referendum of which the voter turnout was allegedly 100% with 98% approving the constitution. Thus, the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|National Assembly]] was dissolved and replaced with the [[Shuvet i Khorata]] (lit. ''council of the people'', [[Luziycan]]: ''Koncili populi'', [[Namorese language|Namorese]]: TBC), with elections held in December with 100% turnout. Huankun Chen became [[President of Katranjiev|President]] while [[Sasho Yanev]] became [[Prime Minister of Katranjiev|Premier]], who were the {{wp|head of state|heads of state}} and {{wp|head of government|government}} respectively, although in practice, Huankun Chen functioned as a {{wp|dictator}}.
 
On Dec. 19, 1937, the entire immediate royal family was placed under house arrest at the Prokudin Palace. In April 1938, the duchies were abolished and the country was divided into communes, and declaring said communes to be the only tier of administration besides the central government.
 
In May 1938, all land and major companies were nationalized under the control of the Liberationists. Collective farms were set up in July 1952, and on August 2, 1938, businesses larger than 10 employees were put under state control. Trade unions were merged and put under state control, and Liberationism took hold over Katranjiev. Many Katranjians and Luziycans fled to [[Luziyca]], resulting in a barrier formed in 1939 to prevent migration westwards to Luziyca, while extensive patrols on the [[Megalopotami River]] were also done in place of barricading the walls.
 
The zalot was pegged at par with the ramon in 1940, and the ramon was accepted. In 1942, elections for the Shuvet resulted in a rubber stamp victory for Huankun Chen and Sasho Yanev, but living standards began falling as it reduced relations from many nations to solely Namor and the communist countries. In 1943, protests broke out in the port city of [[Desislav]] against Liberationist rule which threatened to go into outright rebellion, but the Katranjian People's Army crushed the protests and further curtailed rights. Electrification began with the intent to be completed in 1964.
 
In 1947, Huankun Chen had to retire due to term limits, but he was designated Paramount Leader by the Shuvet. [[Rongtai Wen]] became President while Sasho Yanev remained Premier. The Liberationists maintained all the seats, but while living standards declined, a feud between Sasho Yanev and Huankun Chen broke out, resulting in Sasho apparently committing suicide on July 12, 1945, although many suspected that Huankun Chen or Rongtai Wen killed Sasho Yanev. In response, Rongtai Wen appointed the Minister of Agriculture, [[Deyan Dobrev]] as Premier. On July 26, 1945, after the [[Green Fever]] began in [[Namor]], Huankun Chen declared the start of the [[Little Green Fever]], which was modelled on the Green Fever, and a youth organization bearing the same name was created at the People's University of Krasimir (known until 1937 and since 1976 as the Royal University of Krasimir), quickly spreading through the rest of the country. Rongtai Wen and Deyan Dobrev were re-elected with a significant majority in 1952, and Huankun Chen began using the [[1st of July Movement]] to eradicate all old values to form a "New Katranjiev" based on Liberationist values. As a result, religion began to purged. All religious institutions save for Txoist temples were shut down and either turned into schools, party headquarters, factories, causing religious worship to be driven underground. A new anthem was also created, [[Stani, bratya]] in 1967 to distance itself from imperialist influences. The movement reached its peak in 1950, when the country was completely electrified, 14 years ahead of schedule, and when former PM Simeonov was executed in public after a struggle session.
 
In 1952, Rongtai Wen had to retire, and while Deyan Dobrev remained Premier, [[Nuoju Zeng]] became the first female President. Huankun Chen's first wife, [[Bisera Chen]] died at the age of 69 in 1962, and after that, Nuoju Zeng married Huankun Chen in December of that year. Despite their relationship and the latter's increasing manipulation of Huankun, Deyan Dobrev asserted himself in politics, and in 1959, the central government cracked down on the [[1st of July Movement]], with the intent to restore order. However, civil war nearly broke out between the Youth and the Katranjian People's Army and there were fights, but by late 1959, they were reduced to marginal importance. Some churches were restored to their owners, but most remained in their converted use. In 1962, Nuoju Zeng and Deyan Dobrev were re-elected, and by then, Liberationist rule tightened. Civil liberties had all but gone extinct by that point, and in 1964, the "military administered zones" were set up to protect their borders and sea borders. All rights were effectively stripped from these areas, and were 100 km deep. The only exception was the border with Namor. The [[Recession of 1980]] crippled the country and nearly brought into famine after the government ordered increased exports of food and oil to try and pay off their debts.
 
In 1967, Nuoju Zeng was elected as Premier while [[Baikun Qing]] became President. That year was the first year no Luziycan or Katranjian were in the Cabinet and few were even in the Shuvet. At the same time, the [[Little Green Fever#Second Campaign|second campaign]] started, catapulting the 1st of July Movement back into prominence. On Oct. 16, 1970, Huankun Chen died and without his strict influence (he ruled over Katranjiev for 10 years officially and 33 years unofficially), the party became divided, causing a [[1970-1972 Katranjian political crisis|major crisis]] that would mark the beginning of an end of Liberationist rule over the country.
 
Premier Nuoju Zeng advocated for revolutionary Liberationism, seeking to continue the Liberationist government according to what Yunglang had devised, while her rival, Baikun Qing advocated [[Minjuha]] and reforms to the Liberationist system. The Shuvet became divided and gridlocked, with about half siding with Zeng, and half siding with Qing. The gridlock in government effectively caused the government to cease functioning, and by 1985, [[Desislav]] and some towns declared themselves "free cities," declaring that they were not subject to the Shuvet. While Zeng demanded intervention, Qing argued that they need to democratize. However, due to a 2/3rds majority required to revise the 1937 Constitution, no reforms were made.
 
By 1972, Zeng's faction created the [[Revolutionary Liberationist Party of Katranjiev]] while Qing maintained the Liberationists. The elections showed that Zeng won the east and the south where the Namorese were concentrated, while Qing won the west and the north, where the Luziycans and Katranjians were concentrated. With a slim majority, Qing appointed [[Blazhe Hristov]] to be Premier. It was not the 2/3rds majority that they needed, but they began compromising to ensure that parts of Minjuha got through. However, these reforms were too little and too late, since dissent was increasing. In September 1973, Zeng and her faction was purged and was sentenced to house arrest for being an enemy of the people, and after the trial, fresh elections for the vacated seats brought in reform-minded Liberationists, who began implementing Minjuha a bit late.
 
===Restoration of democracy===
[[File:Praha_1989,_Václavské_náměstí,_dav.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Protests in [[Krasimir]], March 1976]]
On March 9th, 1976, protests broke out at the "Ninth of December Square" (''Deveti Dekemvri Fora'', present-day [[Kralski Fora]]) in the capital against the delay of reforms. While initially, the authorities tolerated it, on March 15, 1976, they marched to the Royal Palace where soldiers blocked access. The peaceful protesters demanded access to greet Apostol XIV, but the soldiers fired at the crowd, killing 63 people. The government condemned the protests for being a conspiracy, and on March 17th, imposed state of emergency over the entire country with a curfew which was widely ignored.
 
At the Square, police tried to evict the protesters, but they fought back and drove them out of the area. By the end of March, control was being lost from much of the country, and on April 13, the royal family was pardoned by President Baikun Qing, with his release marked with celebrations and demands that the monarchy and the 1919 constitution be restored. The Liberationists refused to do so, but pressure continued to mount. Finally, on April 24, the entire cabinet resigned, except Hristov, and Baikun Qing announced a referendum will be held on May 10th to decide their future. It was handed over to a temporary committee led by [[Blazhe Hristov]], who became President and Premier of the People's Republic.
 
On May 10th, the [[Katranjiev monarchy referendum, 1976|referendum]] was held and 72% of those who turned out to vote voted to restore the monarchy and the 1884 constitution, 21% voted for the status quo (mainly in the east), and the remainder for a republic. As a result, on May 11th, Apostol XIV was crowned King again, and Hristov was appointed provisional Prime Minister. He called elections on August 1st, the first elections to the National Assembly in nearly four decades. The duchies were restored again, and the military zone was removed.
 
As the election date approached, a vibrant campaign occurred. Hristov of the reformed Conservatives and Baikun Qing of the Liberationists ran and were seen as the major competitors. On August 1st, an 81% turnout occurred and 63% voted to elect Hristov as the first Prime Minister since Huankun Chen implemented the preceding constitution. He re-opened borders with East Luziyca in September and accepted economic aid from the country, as well as military protection from fears of a potential Namorese invasion. In October, Hristov pegged the [[zalot]] to the lira at par (Ƶ1 = ₤1, then US$1.94), and by December, all churches and synagogues began to be restored to their owners. During his time in power, the economy boomed, with extraordinary economic growth due to the end of Liberationism. The welfare state was restored, and while there was pressure to ban Liberationism, Hristov refused to do so.
 
By 1979, the water and electricity grids were sold in blocks to private companies. Thus, in 1981, he won re-election but resigned in 1983 citing health reasons.
 
Hristov was succeeded by [[Andrei Karavelov]]. Under Karavelov, all religious institutions were reopened, and by the end of his first term in 1988, he had expanded Katranjian influence to such an extent that he had hosted the [[Esquarian Football Classic|1988 edition of the Esquarian Football Classic]]. During his second term, he focused on improving the standards of living in Riro to "combat the tendencies towards separatism." At the same time, he sought to improve the nation's transportation network and to ensure the stability of the nation's democratic institutions. These policies were met with huge acclaim, and he won the 1993 election. However, in 1995, he died after fighting with {{wp|leukemia}} for a year, and was succeeded by [[Iliev Popov]], who called snap elections.
 
===Contemporary era===
[[File:Dimitrov.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Prime Minister [[Paul Grigoryev]], 2008]]
Fresh elections brought the Liberals into power, and the first Prime Minister from the Luziycan minority, [[Paul Grigoryev]] was elected. Paul finished the process of restoring religious life, and by 1996, all churches have been reopened except those deemed redundant which were kept in their previous roles. Paul increased relations with other nations and restored much of the trade ties lost under the Liberationists. The economy kept growing, although it started to slow down. In 1996, it sided with [[Luziyca]] in the Namo-Luziycan War, and more troops from the [[Luziycan Armed Forces]] were deployed in Katranjiev to warn the Namorese to stay out of the country to supplement the Royal Katranjian Army and the existing troops stationed there. After the war ended, Katranjiev continued its growth, and by 2000, it had one of the highest standards of living. Grigoryev won again, but on July 21, 2001, Apostol XIV died at the age of 106. His grandson, Apostol XV became King, and it was hailed for being an orderly transition. By 2004, the National Energy Program saw an investment in solar and wind power, reducing their dependence on oil power. In 2005, Grigoryev won again, becoming the first Prime Minister to serve three terms in Katranjiev. The NEP continued, and by 2008, 45% of electricity was produced by renewable energy compared to 3% in 2003. The economy however contracted in 2008 due to a financial crisis in [[Luziyca]], and while it was resolved quickly in Luziyca by 2009, it lasted until early 2010, but it was not as severe due to the welfare system, albeit many corporations downsized their jobs. In 2010, Grigoryev was voted out of power.
 
With that, [[Viktor Kahut]] was elected from the Conservative Party. Some deregulation, legalizing offshore banking, and an end to the NEP helped restore economic growth, and the recession was over by mid-2011. In April 2014, [[Riro]] achieved independence after a [[Riro independence referendum, 2014|referendum]], taking all the eastern duchies but [[Trifonov]], which voted to stay within Katranjiev. Kahut called an election, and was voted out in a general election in May, bringing in Liberal leader [[Magarit Ogynan]] as the new Prime Minister, making her the first female Prime Minister in the Kingdom.
 
In July 2015, Apostol XV abdicated to his daughter, who styled herself as [[Elis of Katranjiev]], who became the first female monarch in nearly three hundred years, and the first female head of state of Katranjiev since [[Nuoju Zeng]]'s tenure as Prime Minister.
 
Magarit Ogynan in 2017 introduced the {{wp|single-transferable vote}}, and following its passage called a snap election, which saw her party tie with the Conservatives: the Conservative candidate, [[Elena Magdarov]], formed a coalition with the far-right [[Katranjian Independence Party]]. However, the coalition collapsed in 2018 when the government associated the [[Kheratia|Kheratian]] government in finding the [[K-70 submarine]] without consulting the Katranjian Independence Party.
 
==Geography==
{{multiple image
  | align = right
 
  | image1 = Azow_Sea_Sunset.JPG
  | width1 = 185
  | caption1 = Section of beach near [[Zhivkov]] at sunset
  | alt1 = Zhivkov Beach
 
  | image2 = Gerlach_south_face_B.jpg
  | width2 = 185
  | caption2 = The peak of [[Mount Nashtoinik|Mt. Nashtoinik]] is 2,954 meters above mean sea level.
  | alt2 = Mt. Nashtoinik
 
}}
Katranjiev is a small country. It only has about 300 km of coastline, and as a consequence, only a few major port cities. It has an area of 182,812.571 square km (70,584.3283 square miles), and one of the denser regions in Esquarium with 23,903,392 people living in the country. About a third of the population live in the Desislav metropolitan area consisting of many cities, including the 1,032,933 people living in [[Desislav]]. The largest city proper is Krasimir, at 1,643,192 people, which serves as the capital.
 
The Katranjian landscape can be divided into four regions: the southern fertile coastal plains fed by the [[Sudak River]], housing about a third of the population. The central area are mountains, known as the [[Karpati Mountains]]. [[Krasimir]] is almost surrounded by the Karpati and is the source of the Sudak River and the [[Reka River]], the longest in Katranjiev. Outside of Krasimir, few live in the Karpati and was historically a significant barrier that impeded communication. The highest point of the country is [[Mount Nashtoinik]], at 2,954 meters above sea level. The northern plains is sparse, although fertile due to an aquifer and close proximity to [[Sprska Sea]], they do have some drought from time to time. Lastly to the east is what is left of the [[Riro]] region (since the secession of much of Riro in 2014), which despite its fertile soil due to the Reka River, has {{wp|oil sands}} (exposed as tar pits in the past) and thus has not really been settled by Katranjians until the 20th century, while the Namorese have been made to live there.
 
Significant natural resources of Katranjiev besides oil are copper, coal, gold, and silver. In addition, wheat is the major crop, though rice is grown in the eastern regions.
 
===Administrative divisions===
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Katranjiev}}
 
Katranjiev is divided into sixteen duchies (khertsoga) since the secession of four duchies in 2014. Prior to 1883 (and especially during the Middle Ages), the Duchies were essentially sovereign ruled by "khertsogs" (dukes), who only paid lip service to the King of Katranjiev, although over the centuries, their powers were reduced as power was centralized. By 1883, the power of the Dukes were reduced to only being ceremonial heads of the duchies, with "tori-ministeri" (premiers, literally second ministers with "purvi ministeri" standing for Prime Minister of Katranjiev or first minister) being heads of the Legislatures (zakonodatelna) and the head of the governing party. They were abolished in 1940, and replaced with communes, based on municipal borders and typical areas, but was restored in 1976 when the Liberationists were brought down.
 
Today, they are in charge of education, healthcare, sales taxes, additional welfare, and regulations (besides federal regulations). They share concurrent jurisdiction in justice, income taxation, policing, and transportation with the federal government. However, these regulations are not as loose as in Luziyca.
 
Below the duchies, there are also 1,465 municipalities, with one municipality ([[Rekagrad]]) being part of two duchies: [[Sokolov (duchy)|Sokolov]] and [[Chenov]].
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Map !! Duchy !! Capital !! Population
|-
| rowspan=16| {{Katranjiev labelled map}} || [[Desislav (duchy)|Desislav]] || [[Desislav]] || 6,153,233
|-
| [[Krasimir (duchy)|Krasimir]] || [[Krasimir]] || 1,382,933
|-
| [[Trifonov]] || [[Baicheng]] || 2,941,683
|-
| [[Deyan]] || [[Chavdar]] || 2,936,507
|-
| [[Sokolov (duchy)|Sokolov]] || [[Sokolov]] || 923,211
|-
| [[Durvo y Lovets]] || [[Predplanina]] || 1,098,259
|-
| [[Slava]] || [[Tagan]] || 1,799,100
|-
| [[Solomon (duchy)|Solomon]] || [[Smirnov]] || 645,193
|-
| [[Talnakh (duchy)|Talnakh]] || [[Talnakh]] || 658,291
|-
| [[Genkov (duchy)|Genkov]] || [[Genkov]] || 328,391
|-
| [[Chenov]] || [[Todorov]] || 828,130
|-
| [[Antoni]] || [[Igor]] || 725,392
|-
| [[Iliev (duchy)|Iliev]] || [[Iliev]] || 1,821,883
|-
| [[Kamuk]] || [[Nevyarno]] || 720,281
|-
| [[Chavdarov]] || [[Kamen]] || 319,503
|-
| [[Haralambi]] || [[Evgeni]] || 621,402
|-
|}
 
===Former duchies===
These duchies are currently part of [[Riro]]. Prior to 2014, these duchies were part of Katranjiev, but since then have been considered states of an independent [[Riro]]. The dukes are still recognized by the Katranjian government but have no power over these territories due to their separate legal status.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Duchy !! Capital !! Population
|-
| [[Katran]] || [[Dengzhou]] || 554,014
|-
| [[Maritsa]] || [[Chunov]] || 330,105
|-
| [[Valeriev]] || [[Ming]] || 503,207
|-
| [[Iztokov]] || [[Licho|Lizhov]] || 1,954,201
|}
 
Historically, there were the Duchies of [[Durvo]] and [[Lovets]], which were abolished in 1871 and merged to the present day duchy of [[Durvo y Lovets]].
That same year, Katranjiev unofficially ceded the duchies of [[Zhivkova]], [[Yovka]], [[Assenov]], and [[Gavrilov]] (as well as the eastern portions of Valeriev, Iztokov, Trifonov, and Talnakh, all collectively known as the [[Eastern Duchies of Katranjiev|eastern duchies]]) back to Namor. It was legally recognized in 1954 in exchange for the condominium officially being abolished (though in practice, it ceased functioning in the early 20th century).
 
Since April 2014, and the secession of Riro, there are only sixteen duchies in Katranjiev.
 
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[File:A27_Ponte_Lima_Viana_Castelo_20050801.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Highway in southern Katranjiev]]
 
Katranjiev has 22,000 km of highways and 563,222 km of paved roads altogether within Katranjiev, with the car being the dominant form of transportation in the country. The minimum age to drive in Katranjiev is 16, and all cars registered in Katranjiev must have valid [[Vehicle registration plates of Katranjiev|license plates]].
 
However, Katranjiev has a railroad network operated by [[Royal Katranjian Railways]], with the most busy line being the "Tsentralna" line from [[Desislav]] to [[Krasimir]], and continuing north to Talnakh where it becomes the Desert Wind line on the [[Luztrak]] network. It has railroad links to [[Namor]], [[Riro]], TBC, [[Luziyca]], and TBC, as well as road links towards these countries. There are also maritime transport, but river transport is generally only used for pleasure cruises. Most of the maritime transport for cargo usually is from and to the port of Desislav.
 
It has [[Katranjian Airlines]] as the country's flag carrier.
 
===Healthcare===
Katranjian healthcare has become a universal system since the early 1940s, and is traditionally considered to be one of the most robust healthcare systems within the region. There are 3.3 doctors per 1,000 people, and 5.2 nurses per 1,000 people, as well as 1.1 midwives per 1,000 people. The quality of many hospitals and clinics are high, especially since the early 1980s when reforms caused by the end of Liberationism helped boost the quality of healthcare which had stagnated from the mid-1940s as a result of the [[Little Green Fever]].
 
Katranjians are well known for their long lifespans: the average life expectancy in 2014 is 81.45 years, and is often attributed to their healthy eating habits, a tradition of physical activity, and the climate, especially in the southern duchies.
 
===Education===
{{main|Education in Katranjiev}}
[[File:120_OU_G_S_Rakovski_Sofia_TB.jpg|150px|thumb|right|A school in [[Desislav]]]]
In Katranjiev, the education system was modelled on the [[Education in Luziyca|Luziycan education system]]. While it still follows the general principle, there have been some alterations to the general concept over the years, notably by changing the years in 1953 from "Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2..." to "Year 1, Year 2, Year 3..." to distance itself from Luziycan imperialism. The school year lasts from the first Monday of September to the last Friday of June, though it varies by duchy since they are in charge of education.
 
It has optional pre-kindergarten for children ages 3 to 5. On the year of the child's fifth birthday, children are required to enter a '''primary school''' with what would be Kindergarten in Luziyca being "Year 1." While they vary by duchy, after completing Year 5 (Grade 4), many enter '''intermediate schools''', where they attend until finishing Year 9 (Grade 8). Afterwards, all students enter '''secondary school'''. When one turns 16, students can drop out, but most continue until Year 13 (Grade 12), when they take the Royal Academic Test. Those who pass can graduate, but if they fail, they must repeat Year 13.
 
After graduation, many students go on to university. Some of the most prestigious universities are the [[Royal University of Krasimir]], located in [[Krasimir]].
 
==Economy==
[[File:Syncrude_mildred_lake_plant.jpg|150px|thumb|right|[[Sestri]] extraction site and refinery in northern Trifonov]]
The economy of Katranjiev is reliant on the sectors of tourism, banking, mineral extraction, and manufacturing. The country's nominal GDP is $1,786,554,893,476, of which 31% is from mineral extraction (mainly oil), 31% from banking, 29% from tourism, 7% from manufacturing, and 2% from agriculture.
 
Major corporations headquartered within Katranjiev are [[Bank of Krasimir|Banka Krasimir]] (banking), [[Yuzhen more usluga]] (cruise ships), [[Sestri]] (oil extraction), and [[Yurgan]] (hotels). A notable historical corporation is the [[Production Division]] of [[Katranjian Airlines]].
 
==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Katranjiev}}
Since the mid-1980s, the population of Katranjiev has decreased, due to emigration and increased death rates. Prior to that, though, a large baby boom had lasted from the start of the 1st of July Movement all the way until the 1970s.
 
Since the end of the [[People's Republic of Katranjiev]] in 1976, [[Pillarisation#Katranjiev|pillarization]] has become a significant problem in Katranjian society.
 
===Ethnic groups===
Katranjiev is widely considered to be a multicultural country. As of 2015, it has 26,764,398 people residing in its sixteen duchies, with 12,787,539 people (47.8% of the population) identifying as [[Katranjians|ethnic Katranjian]], 7,356,128 (27.5% of the total population) identifying as [[Luziycans|Luziycan]], and 3,609,925 (13.5%) ethnic [[Kannei Namorese|Namorese]]. 1,373,283 (5.1% of the total population) people are [[Kaodi people|Kaodi]].
 
1,816,658 (6.8%) are of other ethnic groups, primarily [[Shudri]] and more recent newcomers.
 
===Religion===
Religiously, 15,497,334 people (64.8%) are [[Costeny|Cositenes]], followed with 2,600,157 Txoists, making up 10.8% of the total population. 1,744,948 people (7.3%) follow [[Tastanism]], and 645,392 people (2.7%) follow other religions, mainly {{wp|Buddhism}} and {{wp|Hinduism}}. 14.4% of the national population are either agnostic or atheists, officially considered irreligious by the government.
 
===Languages===
The three official languages in Katranjiev are [[Katranjian]], [[Luziycan]] and [[Namorese language|Namorese]].
 
Katranjian and Luziycan are both part of the {{wp|Slavic languages|Slavic language family}}, with Luziycan generally used in the north, and Katranjian more in the south.
 
Namorese on the other hand is part of the Monic language family. While the standard variety is the one spoken in [[Namo]], the colloquial speech is known as [[Southwestern Namorese]], which is heavily influenced by {{wp|Mandarin Chinese|Minjianese}} to the point that it is difficult to tell if it is a Namorese dialect or a Minjianese dialect.
 
==Politics==
===Monarchy===
{{Main|Monarchy of Katranjiev}}
Katranjiev is a constitutional monarchy, having been governed by the [[House of Desislav]] almost continuously from 1273, with a few exceptions due to ursurpers claiming the Katranjian throne, and the Liberationist regime from 1937-1976. Since 2015, the current monarch has been [[Elis of Katranjiev]], following the abdication of her father, [[Apostol XV]] on the 14th anniversary of the start of his reign, due to his thyroid cancer.
 
The Constitution of 1885 forbade the monarch from proposing laws and/or decrees that have an "impact on the day to day operations of the country," except succession law, which the monarch is the only person to issue legislation regarding the succession law of the Katranjian royal family. Thus, the monarch is a figurehead, and is expected to serve as a representative of the nation. While the monarch of Katranjiev can refuse to grant assent to legislation, it is rare, and is only expected to be done in circumstances where there is an "imminent threat" to the democratic traditions of the country.
 
===National===
[[File:NCKat.png|250px|thumb|right|Composition of seats in the National Assembly as of the 2014 election]]
Since 2014, the 20th [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|National Assembly]] (Narodnoto subranie) has been elected with 150 seats. The largest party is the [[Liberal Party of Katranjiev]], with 81 seats, the Official Opposition are the [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev]] with 57 seats, and the party with the least amount of seats are the [[Liberationist Party of Katranjiev]] which once ruled the country from 1937 to 1976, holding the remainder of the seats. The two major parties are the Conservatives and Liberals, often competing in the central and southern regions, with the northern Luziycan areas being a Conservative stronghold and the south being predominantly Liberal, although it has Conservative ridings. The Liberationist stronghold has traditionally been the Riro region, where many Namorese live, though with the independence of much of [[Riro]], there has been a drop in Liberationist support.
 
The leader of the Liberals is Prime Minister [[Margarit Ogynan]], the leader of the Conservatives is [[Elena Magdarov]], and the Liberationist leader is [[Rikard Daskalov]]. While both major parties appeal to Katranjians, the Conservatives are supported by the Luziycans moreso than the latter. The Liberationists are supported by ethnic Kannei Namorese, and is widely considered to represent Namorese interests, while Slavs tend to oppose the Liberationists, primarily due to the totalitarian state under Huankun Chen.
 
===Judicial===
Traditionally, the Kingdom of Katranjiev followed {{wp|common law}}. However, during the [[People's Republic of Katranjiev]], {{wp|socialist law}} was implemented, beginning in June 1938, with all laws having been switched to the new standard in May 1941. Following the [[Katranjiev monarchy referendum, 1976|restoration of the Katranjian monarchy]] in 1976, common law was restored, but a law had to be passed to permit "ordinary" convictions (i.e. not politically motivated) during Liberationist times to remain in effect, and for records of "ordinary" offenses to be carried over.
 
Today, Katranjiev's judicial system has had great influence from both its own traditions of common law, as well as from [[Luziyca]] and [[Namor]].
 
Policing is served by the ducal police, though the [[Ministry of Defense (Katranjiev)|Ministry of Defense]] helps coordinate the police forces.
 
==Culture==
===Literature===
Traditional Katranjian literature is generally steeped in epics and adventures. Only the 1700s did other topics begin to be more common, particularly political and religious pamphlets. In the 1930s, the Golden Age of Katranjian Literature saw a rise in romance, action and science fiction, as well as a renaissance in adventures and political books, which continued until it abruptly ended in 1938 with censorship by the Liberationist regime.
 
Typical works during that period glorified Namor and Liberationism, but the quality declined significantly. Only after the downfall of the Liberationists in 1976 did literary life get restored.
 
===Media===
Katranjiev due to multiculturalism has a diverse media. The major television networks are [[Katranjiev Televizya|KTV]] (Katranjian), [[Sevchik]] (Luziycan) and [[People's Broadcasting Corporation|PBC]] (Namorese).
 
The major newspapers are [[Slevdovatel]] (Katranjian), [[Pochetny]] (Luziycan) and [[Kunglonbo]] (Namorese). All are broadsheets and tabloids have a rather poor reputation.
 
Radio is also divided on linguistic lines, with [[Katranjian National Radio|KNR1]] in Katranjian, [[Katranian National Radio|KNR2]] in Luziycan, and [[Katranian National Radio|KNR3]] in Namorese, all operated by [[KTV]]. Commercial radio is also popular, usually broadcasting music and having synchronized broadcasts with KNR1, KNR2, or KNR3 depending on the language of broadcast.
 
===Sports===
[[File:Friedensfahrt_2006.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Golkolka, 2003]]
The two most popular sports in the nation are {{wp|cycling}} and {{wp|association football}}.
 
The [[Golkolka]] is a major cycling race held in the country, having been held continuously since 1909. It is not to the same calibre as the [[Grand Tours]] in Esquarium, but is often considered to be one of the major cycling competitions in the region, and one of the few major cycling competitions on the professional level where both men and women can compete side by side.
 
Football is a major sport, with many professional clubs existing in the [[Royal Katranjian Football League]], with the Premier League home to the best teams in the nation.
 
===Cuisine===
<imgur thumb="yes" w="150" comment="Traditional Marulyab">EkLLXAm.png</imgur>
Katranjiev's cuisine has had quite a lot of influence, due to it being at the crossroads of Monic, and Slavic cultures. A major food that it is known is {{wp|Bulgarian yogurt|kiselo milyako}}, but a varient of vareniki, known as dundo was a traditional staple food, especially in the north. In the east, Namorese culinary trends have been common, with fen noodle soup and rice being staple foods in the east, with a Katranjian variant involving more meat than in Namor.
 
However, in the south, pita and baklava are heavily consumed. Despite this, Katranjiev is home of the {{wp|sandwich|marulyab}}, which traditionally was comprised of two pieces of lettuce with filling like meat or cheese between them. However, since the late 19th century, marulyab with bread replacing the lettuce has become more prevalent.
 
A common desert is {{wp|Garash cake}}, though {{wp|Turkish delight|lokum}} is especially common. Since the early 1900s, Katranjiev has had a high reputation for their sweets, especially chocolate, with one of the highest consumption rates of chocolate per year.
 
A beverage symbolic of Katranjiev is {{wp|Melnik wine|Chavdarov wine}}, usually consumed on special occasions such as weddings and birthdays, but in general, wine consumption is more common in the south than in the northern parts of the country, where beer is consumed.
 
===Holidays===
{{Main|Public holidays in Katranjiev}}
Below are a list of national holidays, often referred to as "statutory holidays."
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Daten !! Description
|-
| {{wp|New Year's Day}} || January 1 || Celebrates the start of the new year
|-
| [[Namorese New Year]] || ''moveable'' || Celebrates start of the Namorese lunar year
|-
| {{wp|Good Friday}} || ''moveable'' || Commemorates the death of Jesus
|-
| {{wp|Easter Sunday}} || ''moveable'' || Commemorates the resurrection of Jesus
|-
| {{wp|St. George's Day}} || April 23 || Feast day of patron saint St. George, considered to be national day
|-
| {{wp|International Labor Day|May Day}} || May 1 || Celebrates the achievements of laborers
|-
| Restoration Day || May 11 || Celebrates the restoration of the Katranjian monarchy following [[Katranjiev monarchy referendum, 1976|a referendum in 1976]]
|-
| {{wp|Pentecost}} || ''moveable'' || Celebrated 49 days after Easter Sunday
|-
| {{wp|Midsummer}} || June 24 || Celebrates the start of summer
|-
| [[Memorial Day (Katranjiev)|Memorial Day]] || July 12 || Commemorates the war dead in all wars fought by Katranjiev, held on the anniversary of the end of the [[Battle of (TBC)]] in [[Riro]] in 1785
|-
| Queen's Birthday || August 26 || Celebrates birthday of the Queen
|-
| Dissident Day || December 11 || Commemorates the dissidents who opposed the tyranny of the [[People's Republic of Katranjiev]]
|-
| {{wp|Christmas Eve}} || December 24 || Night before Jesus was born
|-
| {{wp|Christmas Day}} || December 25 || Celebrates birth of Jesus
|-
| {{wp|Boxing Day}} || December 26 || Traditional gift-giving day in the north
|-
| {{wp|New Year's Eve}} || December 31 || Celebrates the end of the old year
|}

Revision as of 02:18, 7 April 2024

The Northern Integration Scheme (Itchalnu: Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq) was a Surrowese government program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by President Ted Fisher, the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over Great Island and to "integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 Itchalnu to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.

(TBC)

Background

An Itchalnu camp near Port Lochlan, August 1931

Great Island has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while Northland County was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at Lombelon Bay. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in Port Lochlan in 1711 by the Rytheneans, but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.

Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of outports on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from Holcot Inlet reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on Holcot Island or even Kikik Island can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."

However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.

By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."

With the outbreak of the First Great War, fears that Tyrnica may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at Tuktooit Inlet in what is now Stoney County, and followed by the establishment of Arvittiavak in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by Perendist missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.

However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected Prime Minister Ted Fisher concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.

Planning

In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a white paper on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of improvement districts that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."

However, the ongoing Second Great War caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.

That year, palladium was discovered near Stoney Harbour (present-day Tulaktarvik) by General Armaments. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of terra nullius.

In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the Northern Integration Act in 1952. The omnibus bill divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to counties, and outlined the components of the Northern Integration Scheme in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by Wes Anderson, who left the United People's Party to create the Northern Party to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.

Program

Registration

An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at Port Hentze, 1953

The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was registration (Itchalnu: atiliurvik). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the outports on Great Island" as a registration number (Itchalnu: ujamiit), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. C01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.

As settlement progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.

Settlement

The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was settlement (Itchalnu: nunaliit). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble Surrowese outports on Holcot Island and Kikik Island. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing.

After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the Surrowese Constabulary, their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.

As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.

Consolidation

The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was consolidation (Itchalnu: katiqsuqsimajut). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.

The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."

Personal integration

The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was personal integration (Itchalnu: imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the Perendist mission schools, and through the establishment of adult education programs targeting the Itchalnu.

Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in Tuckamore County or the Rythenean in Disappointment County, the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in Rythenean, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."

Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.

Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."

Political integration

The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was political integration (Itchalnu: gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq). Due to Northland County's lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three improvement districts, which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of Parliament from the 1954 election onward.

The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the Northern Integration Act saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the Central Improvement District and Southern Improvement District would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the Northern Improvement District "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."

Implementation

Registration, settlement and consolidation

An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in Berentson Harbour, 1954

Following the passage of the Northern Integration Act, the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.

In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being prefabricated housing that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses lacked the necessary insulation to keep the interior warm during the cold Great Island winters. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality Albrennian food at what Charles Aklack said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in Sherborn."

These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.

In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.

Integration

The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be primary schools, with secondary schools only being built in Port Lochlan and Tulaktarvik to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of Itchalnu and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.

Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with Charles Aklack saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.

Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.

Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the Stoney County Act, passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name Stoney County on that date.

End of the program

President Griffith Davidson, 1980

While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists in 1965, after President Ian Withers lost the 1971 general election, Isaac Rosenhain commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.

In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:

"Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting the Itchalnu language from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed."

The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.

President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for "up to an hour per day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, Griffin Davidson, saying that Rosenhain "sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the traditional Surrowese way of life."

In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children unable to decide their futures." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued under the guidance of the Ministry of Northern Development, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, Kippenburg Inlet in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.

Most of the final vestiges of the Northern Integration Scheme were abolished in 2015 under President Wyatt Martel as part of his vision to improve relations with the indigenous peoples of Surrow. The two improvement districts were renamed to districts, with the districts receiving increased powers over their own governance, and the district councils being mostly elected instead of being appointed by the central government. However, the districts still have the power to declare settlements unsustainable.

Legacy

As a result of the Northern Integration Scheme, poverty rates among the Itchalnu population have exceeded the national average: While in the 2021 census, the national poverty rate was at 8.1% of the population, the United Itchalnu Organisation reported that 41.5% of all Itchalnu lived in poverty as of 2021, meaning that 26.5% of all people in poverty in Surrow were Itchalnu. Charles Aklack said in 1982 that "the cause of poverty among our people" were the resettlement programs and the education system which "deprived Itchalnu of the ability to live with dignity" and "made the Itchalnu into a perpetual underclass like our Chequan brothers to the south."

The Northern Integration Scheme has been blamed for the destruction of traditional Itchalnu culture, both through the introduction of Western lifestyles that Itchalnu had generally not been exposed to, and through government policies that destroyed Itchalnu culture, such as banning the use of Itchalnu in schools, slaughtering dogs owned by Itchalnu, and cracking down on traditional hunting and fishing practices. In 2003, linguist Mark Harris noted that prior to the 1950s, the Itchalnu language had "significant dialectal variation across Great Island and Kikik Island," but because of the Northern Integration Scheme exposing Itchalnu to those who spoke different dialects of Itchalnu, combined with the standardisation of Itchalnu from the 1960s onward, "younger Itchalnu who speak the language sound more alike than their grandparents."

However, the Northern Integration Scheme led to the development of Itchalnu political movements. The first Itchalnu political organisation to emerge was the Northern Party, founded by Boyd Shields in 1971, which advocated for greater autonomy to Great Island, for indigenous rights, and to end the Northern Integration Scheme. However, the Northern Party was supplanted by Nangiqpugut Utessit in 1979, which was explicitly pro-indigenous rights and advocated for democratic socialist policies. In 1982, the United Itchalnu Organisation was formed to advocate for the interests of Itchalnu people.

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