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{{Infobox country
The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.
|conventional_long_name      = <big>Kingdom of Katranjiev</big><br>[[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]]: Мамлакат Катранияжиф<br>[[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: Кралство и Катранджиев<br>[[Lec language|Lec]]: Крулствѫ Катрәнчиевә
|image_map                  = KatranGeoMap.png
|map_caption                = <big>Outline of Katranjiev</big>
|common_name                = Katranjiev
|image_coat                  = CoatOfArmsOfKatranjiev.PNG|166px
|symbol_type                = [[Coat of arms of Katranjiev|Coat of arms]]
|image_flag                  = KatranjievFlag.PNG|166px
|national_motto              = Той ми даде сила да ръководя и Той ще ме съди<br><small>He gave me power to guide us, and He shall judge me for these acts</small><br>
|national_anthem            = [[Katranjiev, ti priyaten zemya]]<br><small>Katranjiev, thy pleasant land</small><br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=http://www.nationalanthems.info/bg.mp3]]
|region                      = [[Esquarium]]
|capital                    = [[Krasimir]]
|largest_city                = [[Krasimir]]
|official_languages          = [[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]], [[Katranjian language|Katranjian]], [[Lec language|Lec]]
|regional_languages          = {{wp|Greek language|Vrakan Argilian}}
|ethnic_groups              = [[Katranjians]] (48%)<br>{{wp|Arabs}} (36%), [[Lec people|Lecs]] (10%), Other (6%)
|ethnic_groups_year          = 2015
|religion                    = [[Costeny]] (37%)<br>[[Irfan]] (34%)<br>[[Rodnéwiary]] (8%)<br>Other (7%)<br>None (14%)
|demonym                    = Katranjian
|government_type            = {{wp|Constitutional monarchy}}
|leader_title1              = [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|Queen]]
|leader_name1                = [[Elis of Katranjiev|Elis]]
|leader_title2              = [[Prime Minister of Katranjiev|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2                = [[Elena Magdarov]]
|leader_title3              = Party
|leader_name3                = [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev]]
|sovereignty_type            = Independence
|established_event1          = From Namor
|established_date1          = AD 723
|area_km2                    = 108750
|area_sq_mi                  =
|population_census          = 23,903,392
|population_census_year      = 2015
|population_density_km2      = 219.801306
|GDP_PPP                    = $802,876,452,819
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $33,588.39
|GDP_nominal                = $746,314,812,465
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      = $31,222.13
|Gini                        = 29.7
|Gini_year                  = 2013
|HDI                        = 0.913
|HDI_year                    = 2015
|HDI_category                = Very High
|currency                    = [[Katranjian zalot]] (Ƶ) (=100 tsent)
|currency_code              = KJZ
|time_zone                  =[[Time zones in Esquarium|ST]]
|time_zone_DST              =
|date_format                =mm-dd-yyyy
|drives_on                  =right
|cctld                      =[[.kj]]
|iso3166code                =KJV
|calling_code                =[[Telephone numbers in Katranjiev|+55]]
|sport                      =[[wikipedia:Association football|Association football]]
|animal                      ={{wp|Eastern imperial eagle}}
|fruit                      =Lime
|flower                      ={{wp|Rosa canina}}
|statsdisplay                =yes
}}


'''Katranjiev''' ([[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]]: Катранияжиф, ''Katraniajif'', [[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: Катранджиев, ''Katranjiev'', [[Lec language|Lec]]: Катрәнә, ''Katrënë'') is a country located on the continent of [[Borea (Esquarium)|Borea]] in [[Esquarium]], with a population of around twenty-four million people. Katranjiev is bordered to the east by [[Mazaristan]], to the north by [[Lecia]], and to the south by TBC, and abuts the [[Gulf of Gelyevich]] to the west. Its capital is [[Krasimir]], but its largest city is [[Desislav]], with [[Bizuwiha]] and [[Zukòwò]] also being prominent cities.
(TBC)


It was first settled by {{wp|homo ergaster}}, with the earliest settlements dating to around 8000 BCE. The first civilization in Katranjiev were the [[Kléwërny culture]], which ruled Katranjiev from around 1100 BCE to 600 BCE, and then were succeeded by the [[Arénowo culture]], which ruled until around 200 BCE. It was then taken over by the [[Genida people|Genida]] in the southeast, and {{wp|Greeks|Argilians}}, with these civilizations maintained until around the 500s CE, the [[Neo-Sepcan Empire]] conquered the Argilians and brought in {{wp|Slavs|Vitrian}} settlers, and then conquered the [[Genida Empire]], although the Vitrians lost a subsequent invasion by {{wp|Arabs|Arab tribes}} from present-day Mazaristan.
==Background==
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.


In 723 CE, [[Vaclav I]] declared himself the King of Katranjiev, and his descendants ruled as the [[House of Krasimir]] until 1273, when they were ousted by the [[House of Desislav]]. While they were displaced by the [[House of Talnakh]], and the [[House of Talnakh-Desislav]], the House of Desislav firmly retook control of Katranjiev in 1419, and have continued to rule Katranjiev to this day.
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."


==Etymology==
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.
Katranjiev comes from "katrandzhia," standing for one who works at a {{wp|tar pit}} (or ''katran'' in Katranjian). The name literally means "son of a katrandzhia," or son of someone who works at a tar pit.


It is believed that the tar pit was located at [[Vrakos Island]], as there is the [[Vrakos Tar Pit]] in the northwest of the island, and the chronicles dating back to [[Vaclav I]]'s war with Vrakos does mention a civilian recovering his army's horses when they got stuck at the tar pit. Legend says that Vaclav asked the person recovering the name of the pit, so to advise other soldiers to avoid the area, but he was confused and replied with "Katranjiev." Vaclav seemingly accepted that answer.
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."


==History==
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.
===Prehistory===
It is believed that the first known evidence of human life in Katranjiev was a {{wp|homo ergaster}} from around 1 million years ago near [[Vetovo]] in [[Krasimir (duchy)|Krasimir]]. The earliest known settlements in present-day Katranjiev date to around 8,000 years ago. Around the same time, {{wp|agriculture}} became prevalent in Katranjiev.


Like neighboring [[Lecia]], the [[Kléwërny culture]] inhabited eastern Katranjiev between 1100 BCE and 600 BCE, when the [[Arénowo culture]] took over, and ruled until around the 200s BCE.  
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.


===First civilizations===
==Planning==
[[File:Petra,_Al-Khazneh.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Ruins of Mekabiru]]
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."
Following the collapse of the [[Arénowo culture]], two civilizations rose roughly independently at around the same time.


Southeastern Katranjiev was taken over by the [[Genida people|Genida]], who spoke {{wp|Ethiopian Semitic languages|Old Genida}}. Around 140 BCE, [[Arogewi]] united the Genida to create the [[Genida Empire]], with its capital at Mekabiru, near present-day [[Mekbiru]]. During the Genida Empire, they developed a {{wp|Arabian polytheism|polytheistic religion}}, {{wp|Ge'ez script|a writing system}}, and a legal system.
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.


Western Katranjiev was taken over by the {{wp|Greek people|Argilians}}, who established city states along the western coast, including [[Desislav]] ({{wp|Greek language|Argilian}}: Δέκαδόξες, ''Dékadóxes'') and [[Messurion]] (Μεσούριον). A loose federation was formed in 100 BCE, known as the [[Tessapotamian League]], comprising of Desislav, Messurion, [[Iliev]] (Ομορφιά, ''Omorfiá'') and [[Krasimir|Revmati]] (Ρευματι), as well as other smaller states.
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.


===Neo-Sepcan invasion and rule===
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.
Emperor [[S'lniceslav I of the Neo-Sepcan Empire|S'linceslav I]] of the [[Neo-Sepcan Empire]] launched an invasion on the [[Tessapotamian League]] in 520 CE, as part of his eastern conquests. After several deadly battles, the Tessapotamian League capitulated to the Neo-Sepcans in 521 CE.


Following the surrender of the Neo-Sepcans, the Emperor imposed a system of [[sualny]] on the newly conquered lands that were part of the Tessapotamian League, and encouraged those who partook in the conquests to settle down in the newly conquered lands. As most of the soldiers were {{wp|Slavic people|Vitrians}}, it had an effect on the character of the area.
==Program==
===Registration===
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.


Over the coming decades, the Argilian community began adopting Vitrian customs and the language that would later become the [[Katranjian language]]. The {{wp|Ancient Greek religion|traditional Argilian pantheon}} was largely abandoned by the end of the sixth century, except in more secluded areas of Katranjiev, where they continued to persist well into the 15th century. At the same time, despite many lords governing the area, by around 610 CE, the lord in [[Krasimir]] became the most important leader in the region.
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.


In 615 CE, Krasimiran lord [[Momchil the Brave]] launched a war against the [[Genida Empire]] following a devastating raid conducted by the Genida people against Krasimir. His aim in the [[Genida-Sepcan War]] was to expand his lands and his territory, in order to increase his position within the Neo-Sepcan Empire. Thus, over the next thirty-seven years, the Genida Empire attempted to fight back against the forces of Momchil the Brave, and his son, [[Vladislav the Conqueror|Vladislav]], until by 652 CE, [[Vladislav the Conqueror]] seized the capital of the Genida, Mekabiru, and took the last Emperor of the Genida, [[Yemechtewagi]] hostage. Following this seizure, he forced Yemechtewagi to surrender his land to his forces, in exchange for his freedom. When he did so, Yemechtewagi was taken to [[Desislav]], with the intention of being given to the Neo-Sepcan Emperor as a gift.
===Settlement===
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing.  


However, Vladislav's rule over the Genida was short-lived, as by 659 CE, {{wp|Arabs|Arab tribes}} from neighboring [[Mazaristan]] took over the land and named it al-Hawd ({{wp|Arabic language|Standard Arabic}}: الحوض, [[Katranjian Arabic]]: Алхавд). While in 673 CE, Vladislav did retake the land from the Arabs, he decided that because of the bravery of the Arabs, that the Arabs shall be "allowed to maintain their religion, language, and customs," provided that they swear fealty to him and his heirs.
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.


After Vladislav's death, his son, Ludmil, became Lord of Krasimir. Under Ludmil's rule, he sought to expand his realm to "the lands of the [[Lec people|deserters]]." To this end, in 681 CE, he launched the first of many wars between [[Lecia]] and Katranjiev, as he sought to take present-day [[Sekhessia]] from the [[Second Chiefdom of the Lecs]].
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.


While the war ended in failure, the war helped increase Ludmil's position among the lords of what would become Katranjiev. By the time Ludmil died in 707 CE, and was succeeded by his son, [[Vaclav I|Vaclav]], as Lord of Krasimir, many of the lords have submitted themselves before him, except for the Lord of [[Vrakos]].
===Consolidation===
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.


Because of his increasing position in Katranjiev, Vaclav felt a need to unite "all the lords in my realm" under him. Thus, in 721 CE, he waged a war against Vrakos to get the island to submit to his rule. Despite heavy losses on both sides, by 723 CE, he was able to get the Lord of Vrakos to swear fealty to him.
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."


===Early medieval era===
===Personal integration===
[[File:Kovachevitsa_village_in_southern_Bulgaria.jpg|150px|thumb|left|A preserved medieval village in [[Krasimir]]'s outskirts]]
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.


After having conquered [[Vrakos]], [[Vaclav I]] decided to make himself [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King of Katranjiev]]. In an elaborate ceremony, he declared himself the King, and pledged to be "forever loyal" to the [[Neo-Sepcan Empire]]. Following this ceremony, Vaclav I reorganized the administrative system of Katranjiev by establishing duchies, and granting his allies ducal titles over specific areas. At the same time, Vaclav I helped solidify [[sualny]] within Katranjiev.
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."


When Vaclav I died in 759, his son ascended the throne as [[Vaclav II]]. Under his reign, [[Katranjian language|Katranjian]] began to flourish as a spoken language, and among the Slavs, it was widely adopted by local Slavic peoples, especially the nobility who previously spoke {{wp|Old Church Slavonic|Literary Vitrian}}. He did much to help the people, such as after a fire in 779 in [[Krasimir]], he ordered that it be rebuilt with a huge emphasis on stonework and aesthetic beauty.
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.


After Vaclav II's death in 801, his son, [[Vaclav III]] became isolationist. Shutting himself out from foreign culture, he forbade {{wp|Greek language|Argilian}} from being spoken, and required the few [[Sepcan people|Sepcans]] living in Katranjiev to adopt Katranjian or Arabic. However, in AD 815, Vaclav III was killed following a dispute with his wife. His son was an infant, so the wife assumed the title of Queen, as [[Sofia I of Katranjiev|Sofia I]]. She initially ruled as regent, but in AD 830, when [[Vaclav IV of Katranjiev]] was of age, Sofia I kept a strong grip on power and declared herself King. She reopened up to the outside world and permitted Argilian. However, in 834, Vaclav IV fled Krasimir and declared his capital to be in [[Sudak]], splitting the country into two parts. In response, Sofia sent an army to defeat Vaclav IV, but it backfired: many sided with him and marched on Krasimir. Finally, in 838, Sofia I was killed and Vaclav IV was crowned as the rightful King.
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."


Under Vaclav IV, he kept his mother's policies regarding culture, but instituted {{wp|Salic law}} to prevent a crisis that happened again. However, as he reigned, he kept the powers of the Dukes in check and increased the influence of the Tastanist faith. However, some Dukes began militarizing, especially along the "granichna" (marchland) with Lecia. Thus, in 846, Vaclav IV issued the ''[[Royal Edict of TBC]]'' required that dukes if they conquered "territory one third the size of their duchy or larger, they must give that territory to their second son still alive: if none can be found, it must be given to the nearest male relative," mainly to eliminate threats against Krasimir. In 851, Vaclav IV would die, and his son, Vaclav V took power.
===Political integration===
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.


[[Vaclav V of Katranjiev|Vaclav V]] was the last major King to play a huge part in early sovereign history, with him deregulating defense to the Duchies and giving them autonomy except monetary affairs and a "tithe" paid to the crown every ten years, of 1/10th of the profits each Duchy made in the past decade. At the same time, he quietly ceased paying tribute to the declining Neo-Sepcan Empire. After his death in 882, [[Vaclav VI of Katranjiev|Vaclav VI]] ascended the throne, but he only functioned as King of Katranjiev when needed: otherwise, he was more of the Duke of Krasimir. His successors maintained a "hands-off" attitude to ruling Katranjiev.
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."


===Later medieval era===
==Implementation==
By 1108, [[Vaclav XI of Katranjiev|Vaclav XI]] took the throne, and reasserted royal authority. With the eastern duchies slowly planning on attempting to take over parts of [[Mazaristan]], he increased the tithe to 1/5th of all profits in the past five years, and changed the ''[[Royal Edict of TBC]]'' so restrict existing duchies from adding more than one half of their existing area for the new territory, meaning that if a duchy conquered an area ten times the size of its original area, that area will be a separate Duchy. At the same time, the new rules bankrupted many Duchies, resulting in a reduction of Duchies from seventy to twenty, and the rise of the influence of the Apostol family who ruled the Duchy of Desislav. By 1137, he died with no clear successor: he had no son, but he had a daughter who was married to a Duke from the Apostol family, but since their descendants weren't considered legitimate, it passed to his nephew, [[Vaclav XII of Katranjiev|Vaclav XII]].
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.


The duke, [[Todor Apostol]] responded by refusing to pay tithes, and invaded its neighbors, stopping at the pass leading into [[Krasimir]]. He then declared himself King Apostol I, again dividing Katranjiev into two Kingdoms. Todor and Vaclav XII would wage war on each other, though it was stalemated, and thus, in 1149, they both signed a treaty of "temporary separation," allowing both to keep their titles as Kings of Katranjiev, and send delegations to other nations, but otherwise were basically sovereign nations separated largely by the [[Frura Mountains]].
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses lacked the necessary insulation to keep the interior warm during the cold Great Island winters. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Aklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]]."


The truce would last until 1268, when [[Vaclav XVI of Katranjiev|Vaclav XVI]] attempted to depose [[Apostol I of Katranjiev|Nikolai Apostol]], then the claimed [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King of Katranjiev]] by invading the southeast. While Vaclav XVI made huge gains at first, his army suffered from a lack of morale, and after a decisive defeat in Albena, Nikolai's forces advanced past the mountains and eventually surrounded the northern capital of [[Krasimir]]. In 1273, Nikolai's forces ousted Vaclav XVI, and Nikolai tore the 1149 treaty, and declared himself [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King]] [[Apostol I of Katranjiev]].
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.


Under the reign of Apostol I, political unity was restored, and he converted Katranjiev from [[Tastanism]] to [[Costeny]]. While he was both [[Desislav (duchy)|Duke of Desislav]] and of [[Krasimir (duchy)|Krasimir]], he reduced the amount of [[Sualny|suvalny]] and only the "{{wp|marchland|marchland duchies}}" were permitted to keep their traditions and privileges. He even gave the marchland duchies incentives to take the north and the east: the Duchy of Talnakh gained influence as a result, taking some land in present-day [[Mazaristan]], albeit slowly to avoid violating the ''Royal Edict of TBC''. By 1289, Apostol I died and his son, [[Apostol II of Katranjiev|Apostol II]] took the throne. Apostol II moved the capital to Desislav, primarily to move the capital to his main stronghold. Unfortunately, in 1293, the Duke of Talnakh did exactly what Todor Apostol did, but instead turned the tables: Duke Vladimir of Talnakh took over Krasimir and declared himself [[Vladimir I of Katranjiev]]. To make things complicated, in 1306, both died of the plague, and their sons, Apostol III and Vladimir II fought, albeit stalemating. Finally, they came to a peace treaty where they agreed to name a daughter of Vladimir II as King, in exchange for her marrying the Apostols, and a substantial sum of money. This agreement would mark the end of the medieval era in Katranjiev.
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.


===Anagenisi===
===Integration===
[[File:Jan_Kochanowski_with_Ursula.png|150px|thumb|left|[[Vidyo Bachev]] and his daughter]]
The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be {{wp|primary school|primary schools}}, with {{wp|secondary school|secondary schools}} only being built in [[Port Lochlan]] and [[Tulaktarvik]] to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.
As a result of the agreement between the two claimants to the throne, [[Sofia II of Kalena|Sofia II]] took power in 1309, marrying [[Apostol III of Katranjiev|Apostol III]]'s son. The capital was moved back to [[Krasimir]], but was under a joint regency of her father and father-in-law. When she turned 15 in 1315, she became Kral in her own right, and under her rule, she encouraged more conquests, especially with regard to [[Mazaristan]]. At the same time, she sought to improve Katranjiev's economic position, especially regarding trade on the [[Gulf of Gelyevich]].


After her death in 1372, her son was to choose either Apostol, Vladimir, or Vaclav, and he chose [[Vaclav XVII of Katranjiev]] (or Vaclav the Terrible), out of spite of the grandparents. Vaclav the Terrible revoked the rights of the duchies and purged many opponents of the monarchy, including many Dukes. He centralized the army, and the bureaucracy. Vaclav XVII however in his later years was obsessed with the morbid, and Vaclav XVII was stabbed to death twenty-seven times in 1407, leaving the throne to his grandson, [[Vaclav XVIII of Katranjiev|Vaclav XVIII]].
Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with [[Charles Aklack]] saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.


Vaclav XVIII was noted as the "most learned fool among the Cositenes" since he issued edicts on numerous subjects, but was incompetent in ruling. He eased the treatment and restored the rights revoked by his father, but by 1413, he was declared mentally unstable by his son, and locked in an oubliette, where he died of starvation. His son, [[Vaclav XIX of Katranjiev|Vaclav XIX]] attempted to centralize the system, but he was killed by nobles in 1419. His direct relatives were killed as well, and an election was held to select a new King.
Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.


In 1420, [[Apostol IV of Katranjiev]] was elected King by the nobility, and he responded by increasing military defense and bolstering them along the marchlands. He gave some more rights to the nobles, even though it was antithetical to his beliefs for a united Katranjiev. Thus, he balanced the interests of the nobles and his interest to see a united Katranjiev. In 1439, Apostol IV began investing in the arts and began to encourage education by sending teachers to teach the merchants how to read. However, in 1453, Apostol IV died of the {{wp|plague}}, and his son took the throne.
Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the ''Stoney County Act'', passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name [[Stoney County]] on that date.


The plague killed about 55% of the population, mostly in the northern plain, but also on the trade route to Desislav. The new King, [[Apostol V of Katranjiev|Apostol V]] responded by temporarily moving the capital to the high-altitude [[Gorbachev]] and in 1459, with the literacy levels rising, he opened the [[Royal University of Krasimir]], the country's first university with the intent to rival [[St. Anthony's Academy]] in [[Bethlehem]].  
==End of the program==
[[File:Crosbie_1983-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|President [[Griffith Davidson]], 1980]]
While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]] in 1965, after President [[Ian Withers]] lost the [[Elections in Surrow#1971|1971 general election]], [[Isaac Rosenhain]] commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.


In 1463, he moved the capital back to Krasimir, and Apostol V was invested in the needs of the population. Thus, in 1468, he called an estates-general ([[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: Събрание на благородниците и обикновените хора, ''Subranie i blagorodnitsite i obiknovenite khora'', lit. ''Assembly of Nobles and Commoners'') with 100 clergy, 100 nobility, and 100 commoners, each with one vote, to give a "suitable amount of power to the King, while leaving some for the nobility." They all approved with 3-0 to do so, and thus, he delegated mundane tasks to all but marchland duchies, which kept their original rights: mainly salutes, honors, and arbitrating disputes between landowners, commoners, and criminals. In 1484, Apostol V would die, and his grandson, [[Apostol VI of Katranjiev|Apostol VI]] took power as King.
In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:


Under Apostol VI, he continued his father's wish for centralization and needs: he was the first to deliberately travel around the country, mainly to observe how ordinary people lived and see the complaints, touring it from 1485-1489. In 1489 after he returned, he instituted legislation that would abolish {{wp|serfdom}}, but the nobility threatened to kill him unless if he held another estates-general. Thus, in 1490, it was held and the legislation was defeated 2-1. The King hammered out a compromise though, requiring that "the lords treat the serfs as well as they do the freedmen," approved by all three estates. In 1493, he once again toured the country, and after returning in 1497, he concluded that their grievances were mostly met. In 1506, he began to commission paintings and build a new palace, though he remained sympathetic to the needs of the poor. Finally, in 1516, Apostol VI would die of {{wp|tuberculosis}}.
<blockquote>"''Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting the Itchalnu language from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed''."</blockquote>


[[Apostol VII of Katranjiev|Apostol VII]] continued the policies, and toured from his coronation to 1522, but began seeing a new problem as more people re-embraced [[Tastanism]], and embraced [[Irfan]]. Thus, in 1523, he declared that all those following "schismatic sects of the national religion" (i.e. [[Tastanism|Tastanists]]) were to be punished, but the [[Religious Edict of 582]] also declared that "all Irfan adherents shall have the right to practice their religion openly and be protected with the same rights as their Cositene brethren."<br>
The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.
The Religious Edict of 582, while supported by {{wp|Arabs}} was opposed by Tastanists, of which many people, mainly Luziycans have converted. Thus, while Apostol VII attempted to lure artists to Katranjiev, he was massing his forces to quell Tastanist rebellions. Apostol VII began attacking Tastanists and the Duke of Talnakh, [[Paul Talnakh]] who by then converted to Tastanism responded by attempting to overthrow Apostol VII. Paul took Krasimir, and Apostol VII fled to Desislav. Paul declared himself King Pavlov, but by 1528, the loyalist Katranjian armies defeated King Pavlov and executed him. To punish the Duchy of Talnakh and to prevent it from being too influential, in 1532, he signed a treaty in Krasimir splitting Talnakh into two: the southern part would be subject to [[Mazaristan]], and the Duchy of Talnakh which remained Katranjian.


After the treaty, Apostol VII, having dealt with the Tastanist problem, returned to ruling day-to-day, and with the Anagenisi, he encouraged more learning, and discussion. He tolerated {{wp|lese majeste}} against himself and permitted criticism of his politics, including the war, but he forbade Tastanism. In 1528, having recovered, the capital returned to Krasimir, and he toured the country again. Both times, he published reports stating the conditions of the peasantry. Then in 1536, he toured one last time, but he died in Trifonov (present-day [[Baicheng]]) in 1541 from alcohol poisoning.
President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for "up to an hour per day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, [[Griffin Davidson]], saying that Rosenhain "sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the traditional Surrowese way of life."


Grandson [[Apostol VIII of Katranjiev|Apostol VIII]] would take power, under the regency of his mother, Sofia of Krasimir until 1552. In 1552, he was able to rule by himself, and he immediately toured all of Katranjiev like his predecessors have done, and published another report in 1557 after returning back to Krasimir. In 1567, he repealed the ''[[Royal Edict of TBC]]'' that regulated the size of the duchies, and implemented the ''[[Royal Edict of 626]]'', which abolished what is left of special rights for all ranks below duke except for their title, but giving them a stipend. In addition, a salt tax was implemented, at a tax suitable to the King, mainly to fund centralization and the stipends. The other marchland duchies were greatly reduced in rights except defense.  
In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children unable to decide their futures." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued under the guidance of the Ministry of Northern Development, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, [[Kippenburg Inlet]] in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.


In 1570, he once again toured the Kingdom, and when he returned in 1575, he published another report on the needs of the government. Notably, in 1576, he published a document that provided a budget for the maintenance of the Kingdom, showing an apparent surplus of 300,000 zalot. In 1583, Apostol VIII negotiated a new treaty that gave the entire castle to the Barony of Talnakh in exchange for the right to transport and another treaty with Veresk so to have a single village be a fishing port.
Most of the final vestiges of the Northern Integration Scheme were abolished in 2015 under President [[Wyatt Martel]] as part of his vision to improve relations with the indigenous peoples of Surrow. The two improvement districts were renamed to districts, with the districts receiving increased powers over their own governance, and the district councils being mostly elected instead of being appointed by the central government. However, the districts still have the power to declare settlements unsustainable.


In 1593, the King set the number of Duchies to twenty, and in 1595, conducted the first nationwide census. The results in 1597 were compiled into the ''Sobstvenost i zemyata'' ([[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: собственост и земята, meaning ''land ownership'') book which compiled 62,592 landowners, of which only 4,108 owned land greater than "one section" (i.e. 2.5 square km). The "dependents" list comprised about 93,459 people, and the peasantry list had 81,953 freemen and 114,696 serfs, plus 591 slaves and 6,014 criminals. As well, there were 19,444 merchants, thus, when combined, they all add up to 378,749 people, with the largest city being [[Desislav]] at 31,593 people (12,194 merchants, 3,341 landowners, 12,033 dependents of landowners, 4,005 freemen, and 20 slaves), with the runner-up being Krasimir at 11,403 people (6,492 merchants, 1,042 landowners, 3,821 dependents of landowners, 133 criminals, 411 freemen and 44 serfs), combined only having about 11% of the population.  
==Legacy==
As a result of the Northern Integration Scheme, poverty rates among the Itchalnu population have exceeded the national average: While in the 2021 census, the national poverty rate was at 8.1% of the population, the [[United Itchalnu Organisation]] reported that 41.5% of all Itchalnu lived in poverty as of 2021, meaning that 26.5% of all people in poverty in Surrow were Itchalnu. [[Charles Aklack]] said in 1982 that "the cause of poverty among our people" were the resettlement programs and the education system which "deprived Itchalnu of the ability to live with dignity" and "made the Itchalnu into a perpetual underclass like our {{wp|Innu people|Chequan}} brothers to the south."


In 1604, Apostol VIII toured the country for the last time, and published a report in 1609, but died in 1610 of old age.
The Northern Integration Scheme has been blamed for the destruction of traditional Itchalnu culture, both through the introduction of Western lifestyles that Itchalnu had generally not been exposed to, and through government policies that destroyed Itchalnu culture, such as banning the use of Itchalnu in schools, slaughtering dogs owned by Itchalnu, and cracking down on traditional hunting and fishing practices. In 2003, linguist [[Mark Harris]] noted that prior to the 1950s, the {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu language}} had "significant dialectal variation across Great Island and Kikik Island," but because of the Northern Integration Scheme exposing Itchalnu to those who spoke different dialects of Itchalnu, combined with the standardisation of Itchalnu from the 1960s onward, "younger Itchalnu who speak the language sound more alike than their grandparents."


===Enlightenment===
However, the Northern Integration Scheme led to the development of Itchalnu political movements. The first Itchalnu political organisation to emerge was the [[Northern Party (1971)|Northern Party]], founded by [[Boyd Shields]] in 1971, which advocated for greater autonomy to Great Island, for indigenous rights, and to end the Northern Integration Scheme. However, the Northern Party was supplanted by [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]] in 1979, which was explicitly pro-indigenous rights and advocated for {{wp|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} policies. In 1982, the [[United Itchalnu Organisation]] was formed to advocate for the interests of Itchalnu people.
In 1610, his grandson, [[Apostol IX of Katranjiev|Apostol IX]] took the throne. During his reign, [[Desislav]] became a major port city, as did [[Roga]], and [[Albena]], due to the combination of trade along the West Borean trade routes, and the development of [[Transoceanic trade in Esquarium|transoceanic trade]] with countries from as far as [[Aurega]]. In 1622, he toured Katranjiev and published a report in 1627 of the standards of the peasants and nobles. In 1633, a {{wp|tsunami|tidal wave}} devastated the western coast of Katranjiev, with over 3,000 lives lost, though Desislav was only slightly damaged with 20 people from there killed, due to the rebuilding efforts of Apostol IX. However, unlike Desislav, Apostol IX refused to fund construction efforts of the cities, stating that the "True Lord destroyed these towns because He was displeased with the sins that have been occurring in these towns, unlike Desislav which have followed God."
 
This response triggered a peasant revolt in 1634, led by Sasho from Albena. Sasho declared himself King [[Deyan of Katranjiev]], and sought to march to Katranjiev. He called on the help of (TBC) to support him, but they sent their own forces to back Apostol IX. In 1635, at the Battle of Krasimir, Apostol IX barely defeated the rebels, and Sasho managed to escape. As punishment, he reinstated the taxes on the southern duchies, except the city of Desislav. The increased taxes only motivated Sasho to lead yet another rebellion, this time backed by the Duke of Deyan, [[Oleks Deyan]] in 1640, and after taking all the land south of Karpati Mountains, he managed to cross them and take Krasimir, forcing Apostol IX to flee to the city of [[Predplanina]] in 1641. During the brief reign of King Deyan, he held an Estates-General which almost immediately instead of a creation of a permanent Parliament resulted in a majority voting for Apostol IX to return to power. When Apostol IX returned in 1643, he executed Sasho, and temporarily split up the [[Deyan|Duchy of Deyan]] into Severna-Deyan and Yuzhna-Deyan, and also declared that "should the Duchy be united, [[Chavdar]] shall be the new capital, not [[Albena]]." The Duke was also executed in 1645, and in 1647, he once again toured the country. In 1649, Apostol IX was brutally slain in Albena by angry civilians resentful for the crackdown of the rebellion and his refusal to rebuild the town.
 
Since he had no son, it passed to his nephew, who took the throne as [[Apostol X of Katranjiev|Apostol X]]. In 1651, he reunited the [[Deyan|Duchy of Deyan]] but kept the capital in Chavdar, in accordance to his uncle's wishes. Nonetheless, he finally extended funding to rebuilding [[Roga]], [[Albena]], and other towns, as well as lowering the tax burden on merchants. In 1652, he toured the Kingdom to investigate the situation of the peasants and the Empire. After his return in 1658, he published a report and a budget showing a surplus of 600,000 zalots in the treasury. In 1663, he began to invite scientists to reside in Krasimir. In 1670, Apostol X decided to embark on a Golyamo tour ([[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: Голямо, lit. ''great''), to traverse the entire country, not just to find out how the peasants are doing, but to experience the local cultures. After spending a decade visiting every town and village in the country, he returned and published a book describing the variations of Katranjian culture, from the "peoples of the littoral," to the "desert peoples in [[Genida]]" and the Katranjians in and around the mountains, with each section outlining the subcultures and which towns they were most prevalent, releasing the massive compendium in 1682, describing the languages, customs, variations, staple foods, religions, population, and even how they perceive authority (the total population was 512,491 people, but didn't describe their structure). In 1688, an avalanche devastated parts of Krasimir, but the King quickly funded the reconstruction of the city into a grander city, shaping its modern day appearance. In 1692, he began conceptualizing plans for a "{{wp|wagonway}} from Desislav to Krasimir" that he hoped would "cut travel time to only a month." 20 miles of it were laid from Desislav to a nearby town (32 km), but the nobles convinced him that it was a waste of money, and the project was abandoned, albeit not before it became a popular attraction, reducing commute times to only two hours from a day or two. In 1695, Apostol X began to invest in mining, and by 1700, the seeds of the Industrial Revolution have took hold in Katranjiev, with the first cities to industrialize being Krasimir and Desislav. In 1702, Apostol X made a tour of the country, seeking another Golyamo Tour, but in 1710, he died in his sleep in Sudak.
 
[[File:Prokudin-Gorskii-49.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Prokudin Palace, seen in 1921]]
His great-grandson, [[Apostol XI of Katranjiev|Apostol XI]] was just 4, so his mother ruled as regent. In 1711, she declared herself Queen Sofia III (Sofia the Morbid), but officially, she was still a regent. As a widow, she wore black and was obsessed with the morbid, often ordering {{wp|impalements}} and hangings for her own amusement, while abusing her son to the point of "severe mental and physical damage," according to the nobles. By 1719, the nobles had enough of her behavior and the Dukes of [[Talnakh (duchy)|Talnakh]], [[Durvo y Lovets|Durvo]], and [[Durvo y Lovets|Lovets]] agreed to execute Sofia III and implement their own regency for his own safety.
 
In 1721, at the age of 15, Apostol XI ascended the throne, but years of constant abuse meant that he was not able to make crucial decisions. Thus, the three Dukes convinced him to make him only Duke of Krasimir, and pass the title of Duke of Desislav to his cousin. In 1722, Apostol XI toured the country, and he was quickly dubbed "detekral" or "child king" for his childish demeanor, taking delight in things that "amused the young." A doctor that was by his side stated that "he was so abused by his mother that he has basically become a child in mind, though adult in body," and also noted the "flat face that looks like a spitting image of a Namorman." He didn't have a clear idea of what was right and what was wrong, resulting in the Triarchy making important decisions. Notably, when he returned to Krasimir in 1730, the Triarchs wrote a report based on the testimony of the doctor on his tour, and in 1732, they decided to build a palace for the King's pleasure near one of his favorite spots: on the slope of a mountain surrounded by forests, resembling an old castle, completing the [[Prokudin Palace]] by 1740. In 1743, it was said "his mental age was about five or six, while he was physically thirty-seven years of age." Apostol XI often invited children to play with him at his hillside palace, where he resided more often than at [[Krasimir Castle]], which he hated.
 
In 1748, he decided to tour the country again, with the subjects appreciating him. After a report was written by the doctor, when he returned in 1756, Apostol XI was officially placed under a regency under Apostol's doctor, Dr. Nadezhda, whose family lived most of the time in the palace. In 1758, he was strangled to death while playing with some children at the Prokudin Palace, and his cousin's son took power as [[Zhivkov of Katranjiev|King Zhivkov]].
 
===Industrial revolution===
[[File:Hartmann_Maschinenhalle_1868_(01).jpg|150px|thumb|left|Katranjian factory, 1872]]
[[Zhivkov of Katranjiev|Zhivkov]]'s first act as [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King of Katranjiev]] was to reduce taxes on the merchants. In 1761, he attempted to reduce the hold of the {{wp|guilds}}, but he was forced to hold an Estates General, where it was voted 2-1 to keep the guilds. Despite that, he curbed their influence and permitted substantial industrialization.
 
By 1770, [[Desislav]] became an industrial city, and Zhivkov embarked on another tour. Like that of his great-great-grandfather, Apostol X, he took ten years to visit, and published another book similar to that in 1784, describing the ways of the peoples of Katranjiev, similar to the "Golyamo" book, and listing the population at 801,492 people. It listed Desislav as the largest, at 101,851 people with Krasimir the second largest at 78,391 people, and to some extent also replicated the Land Ownership Book of 1597 but with updated information, albeit it was less detailed than the original book.
 
In 1788, Zhivkov began printing paper money for [[Katranjian zalot|zalots]] and the ten srebumi piece (the zalot was divided into 20 srebumi, 1 srebro was divided into 12 chasti, with 1 chast divided into 4 treski/tresk), while keeping coins for the rest, mainly to reduce cost. In 1790, he issued an Edict regulating the usage of Latin and issued the first major standard of Katranjian, mainly that the "official text to be used in documents is to come from the dialect spoken in Krasimir," and instituted a decree which required that "all published books must be written in {{wp|Cyrillic}}. In 1792, Zhivkov began to improve the "roads" between towns which were at the time just dirt paths, and by 1800, most of the strategic routes (i.e. direct) had become cobblestone save for those crossing the Karpati Mountains as result of Zhivkov's plans to improve the roads, and in 1806, he introduced a government mail service, although private carriers still were allowed to serve "personal mail." In 1812, King Zhivkov died from old age.
 
His son, [[Apostol XII of Katranjiev|Apostol XII]] took office, and invested in experimental railroad technology. Thus, he built a {{wp|wagonway}} to Iliev, reducing travel times from a week to a day. At the same time, many mining guilds started to expand their search with more and more modern technologies, mainly to find coal, gold and copper, and invested in railway technology. By the end of the 1810s, many wagonways/railways were being built, and industrialization had increased. During the 1820s and 1830s, innovation had increased, and standard of living initially rose. At the same time, {{wp|romantic nationalism}} began to appear, with many advocating a "Greater Katranjiev" with control of [[Sekhessia]], as well as parts of [[Mazaristan]] adjacent to Katranjiev. In 1840, a song embodying the ideals of Katranjiev was performed and it was adopted as the royal anthem. By 1842, many of the wagonways have converted to the {{wp|steam engine}}, and in 1845, a new line from Krasimir to Desislav was built, shortening travel times from several weeks to three days. In 1848, the first {{wp|telegram|telegraph network}} was laid between Desislav and Krasimir, and by 1851, it was connected to Bethlehem's system.
 
In 1854, Apostol XII implemented a network of state schools, serving from Kindergarten to Grade 6 with the intent of mass-education, and the following year, all Katranjian male children were required to attend school: whether state or private. State schools were only permitted to teach in Katranjian and were to depict its history in a positive light.
 
In 1868, he abolished {{wp|serfdom}} and released all serfs. In 1870, the first true census since 1595 was conducted, showing a population of 1,314,596 people, with Desislav having 214,002 people, and Krasimir having 155,302 people. In 1875, Apostol XII declared war on [[Lecia]] to take control of [[Sekhessia]]: after two years of fighting, Katranjiev gained control of Sekhessia, and its resources, including {{wp|gold}}, which helped attract immigrants from [[West Borea]] and [[Aurega]].
 
By 1880, Katranjiev's population had risen to 1,591,490 people, with Desislav being at 239,592 people, and Krasimir at 223,594 people. Apostol XII died in 1883 of old age in his sleep.
 
===Constitutional monarchy===
In 1883, [[King Apostol XIII]] took power, and embarked on massive reforms. In 1884, he convened an Estates-General, doubling the Third Estate so it formed half of the Estates-General and giving each member one vote instead of each estate. Most importantly, he ordered that they all meet together instead of separate rooms, making the session the first one since 1641 (under usurper Oleg) or in 1490 (under Apostol VI). The King proposed reforms, to permanently keep an estates-general under the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|Parliament]] with two houses: the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|National Assembly]] and the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev#Royal Assembly|Royal Assembly]]. An elected [[Prime Minister of Katranjiev|Prime Minister]] would be chosen by all male citizens over the age of 21, and most importantly forced all the Duchies to implement legislatures similar to that. Passing 625-575, mostly from the Third Estate, the King devolved much of his power and erased virtually much of the remaining powers of the Dukes, including that of the marchlands, which he felt were no longer needed.
 
Thus, in 1885, a [[Constitution of Katranjiev|new constitution]] was implemented, providing suffrage to men over 21, formally abolishing all the remaining rights and privileges of the Katranjian nobility, save for an annual stipend from the state, titles and land, and ended the [[Sualny|feudal]] system in Katranjiev. Those powers were to be delegated to the legislatures of both the country and duchy, including a 150-seat National Assembly, thus requiring a census every 10 years in a year ending with a zero. Thus, the first PM, [[Dragan Tsankov]] was elected on a non-partisan platform. Under Tsankov's rule, he expanded compulsory education from Kindergarten to Grade 8 and modelled it closely on the Luziycan system. He was re-elected in 1890, and the economy remained prosperous, thus resulting in his re-election in 1895.
 
However, Tsankov died in 1896 from {{wp|tubercolosis}}, and elections were held. Those elections saw [[Miro Karapetrov]] of the [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev|Conservatives]] win. Under his brief time in office, he formally supported Luziyca in the [[First Namo-Luziycan War|Namo-Luziycan War]] and mended ties with Luziyca. However, Miro Karapetrov was arrested and charged on charges of {{wp|homosexuality}} in 1898. He was removed from office, and was replaced by Deputy Prime Minister [[Radoslav Mladenov]], although the scandal was enough to bring the Conservative government down in 1900, with a vote of no confidence after a controversial budget.
 
In 1900, PM [[Leonid Simeonov]] became PM, the first from the [[Liberal Party of Katranjiev|Liberal Party]]. In 1902, women over the age of 30 were given the vote, and by 1904, Katranjiev was prospering economically. He won the 1905 election, and in 1906, officially permitted "any and all" religions, superseding the Edict of 1523 that outlawed all religions but [[Irfan]] and the official religion, [[Costeny]]. The following year, the earlier road network built by Zhivkov began to be improved to be safe for motor traffic, with the first car officially licensed in 1907, as well as a road linking Desislav with Krasimir, completed in 1909. In 1908, Katranjiev bribed Hào officials in the area immediately to the east of Katranjiev to be placed "under the protection of Katranjiev" due to rumors of an "impending" republican revolution against the [[Hào dynasty]] in [[Namor]]. In 1910, Simeonov retired from politics and another Liberal candidate won.
 
In 1910, [[Yuri Sokolov]] won, and in 1911, a post office system was officially started. The next year, a welfare system began, and in 1913, he saw living standards rise. However, in 1913, Apostol XIII died of a stroke, and his son, [[Apostol XIV]] took power and became the King of Katranjiev. That same year, Katranjiev annexed the [[Eastern duchies of Katranjiev|far-eastern duchies]], and incorporated the area into Katranjiev. Yuri Sokolov improved the economy and during that time, Glodzhevo became a major rival port city to Desislav. By 1914, the region had been completely divided up into duchies.
 
In April 1915, [[Grigor Nadezhda]] of the [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev|Conservative]] party won the election. In 1917, Grigor implemented a free K-12 education system and supported literacy programs for the Katranjian language which he said was "the greatest language that mankind has ever witnessed. If more speak and write in this marvelous tongue, then the world shall be better off."
 
Grigor Nadezhda won the 1920 election by a landslide, and throughout the early 1920s it became a major trade hub. In 1923, Grigor created a non-partisan civil service. In 1925, Nadezhda retired from politics and another Conservative candidate, [[Ilarion Boyanov]] became Prime Minister.
 
Ilarion Boyanov continued Grigor's policies, and by the late 1920s, oil was first struck in the [[Gulf of Gelyevich]], which resulted in great wealth for Katranjiev. However, he died from a {{wp|stroke}} and was succeeded by [[Samuil Li]], who called for snap elections.
 
[[Marion Daskalov]] was elected. While he provided oil and financial support to the allies, and set up defense, he decided to improve the conditions of the poor. Universal healthcare was introduced in 1930, and a public housing program began. However, he was voted out in 1933 for a controversial budget.
 
The Conservatives won again, with [[Ognyan Simeonov]] (son of Leonid Simeonov) becoming the fourth prime minister. Ognyan ceased the expansion of the welfare state, but because of its popularity could not be dismantled. In 1935, he lowered the minimum voting age to 20. This helped Ognyan win a second term in 1938. During his second term, Ognyan sought to rebuild relations with [[Lecia]], and to ensure a "friendly neighbor" policy in a belief that it would prevent Lecia from waging future wars against Katranjiev. To this end, he relaxed restrictions on trade with Lecia, and sought to cooperate with the Lecian monarchy to preserve its grip on power.
 
However, this policy proved unpopular among the Katranjian majority, and Ogynan lost the 1943 election to the first ethnic Arab Prime Minister, [[Amir Daherov]] of the Liberal Party, in a {{wp|minority government}}.
 
===Rising tensions===
[[File:Smoke_rises_above_Amman_during_Black_September,_1_October_1970.png|150px|thumb|right|Smoke rises after a terrorist attack in [[Zukòwò]], 1970]]
[[Amir Daherov]] sought to create a "multicultural Katranjiev," saying in 1945 that "my country must be a haven where all people have the right to practice their beliefs and culture freely, without fear of persecution by any group." To this end, Daherov attempted to institute an official policy of {{wp|multiculturalism}}. However, this led to a vote of no confidence against Daherov's government by Ognyan Simeon. However, this backfired for Ognyan, as Daherov managed to persuade people of the necessity for a "multicultural Katranjiev," and arguing that this would help benefit Katranjiev's economy.
 
Thus, with a second term secured, Amir Daherov was able to implement a policy of official multiculturalism in 1945. At the same time, he sought to create a {{wp|welfare state}}, with the intention to "integrate all peoples into a {{wp|melting pot}} to improve Katranjiev." The establishment of a "cradle-to-grave" welfare state proved popular, allowing him to win a third term in 1950, and a fourth term in 1955. During this time, the national economy grew, and the standard of living rose for most Katranjians.
 
However, in the late 1950s, separatist movements began emerging in [[Sekhessia]], with two major movements emerging: the left-wing [[Lecian Liberation Army]], which sought to reunite Sekhessia with Lecia, and the right-wing [[TBD]], which sought to establish an independent Sekhessian state based on the principles of [[Rodnewiary]].
 
While the government initially ignored these movements, following the establishment of the [[Lecia|Lecian Workers Republic]] in 1959, relations between Lecia and Katranjiev quickly chilled, as Katranjiev continued to recognize the Lecian monarchy, and took in around around a hundred thousand refugees. This helped increase tensions between the Katranjian government and the Lecian governments, with relations severed by the summer of 1960.
 
At this point, Daherov retired from politics, and was succeeded by ethnic Katranjian [[Vezenko Radulov]]. Under Vezenko Radulov's tenure, he sought to control the situation in Sekhessia, as he felt that the separatist groups in Sekhessia were a threat to Katranjiev's status as a multicultural country, and also feared that the successes of the revolution in Lecia would inspire separatists to "launch a violent campaign of terror" like in Lecia.
 
Thus, in 1962, Radulov's government passed the ''[[National Security Act (Katranjiev)|National Security Act]]'' which banned all organizations with an "aim to undermine Katranjiev's territorial integrity," and also banned organizations which sought "to promote the interests of one ethnicity to the exclusion of all others" from operating in Katranjiev, with Vezenko Radulov justifying the bans as "necessary to prevent the collapse of the social order in Sekhessia."
 
This move outraged many Lecs, while TBD and the Lecian Liberation Army began to commit more violent acts, primarily targeting non-Lecs, and institutions associated with the "occupational authorities" of Sekhessia. Thus, it would mark the beginning of [[The Sorrows]], as the situation deteriorated further and further. However, this action helped Radulov secure a second term in 1965. However, in the late 1960s, economic growth slowed due to increasing terrorism, not only in Sekhessia, but in the rest of Katranjiev.
 
On February 26, 1969, on the tenth anniversary of the end of the [[Second Lecian Revolution]], an attempted {{wp|coup d'etat}} was launched against the Katranjian government by various Lecian organizations. Radulov and the [[National Assembly (Katranjiev)|Parliament]] were taken hostage inside the Parliament building in [[Krasimir]], while the royal family barely escaped to [[Vetovo]], thereby beginning the [[Kan Crisis]], named by the fact it started in the month of Kan in the [[Cositene calendar]]. The coalition of Lecs issued two demands to the King: the repeal of the National Security Act of 1962, and the "complete and total independence" of the Sekhessian panhandle.
 
That evening in Vetovo, [[Monarchy of Katranjiev|King]] [[Apostol XIV]] rejected the demands, stating that "Katranjiev is not a country where violence shall prevail. By using violence against our government and our country, the Lec mobs have forfeited the right to issue demands." Thus, he instituted {{wp|martial law}}, suspended the [[Constitution of Katranjiev|Katranjian constitution]], and ordered the [[Royal Katranjian Armed Forces]] to "end the crisis by any means possible."
 
The Lecs responded by executing Prime Minister Radulov, as well as many non-Lec members of the [[National Assembly (Katranjiev)|National Assembly]] representing Sekhessian constituencies. As well, cells in Sekhessia waged attacks against non-Lecs and institutions associated with them and the Katranjian government.
 
Thus, by the start of March, units of the Royal Katranjian Armed Forces began to restore law and order in Sekhessia, initially prioritizing the ducal capital of [[Zukòwò]], as much of the violence took place within Zukòwò, while other units started to besiege the Parliament Building in Krasimir in an effort to get the hostage-takers to release the hostages. Over the next few weeks, the position of the terrorists weakened, partially due to these efforts made by the Katranjian government, but also because of infighting between factions aligned with Lecia, and factions demanding Sekhessian independence as a "Rodnewiarist state."
 
The Kan Crisis came to an end on March 22, 1969, when a daring raid by commandos from the Royal Katranjian Army managed to free most of the hostages, while order was restored to Sekhessia, as most of the hideouts of the terrorist organizations were raided and destroyed.
 
Following the end of the Kan crisis, a {{wp|national unity government}} was established on March 24th, 1969, with the King appointing [[Miloslav Odravsky]] (''Miłosłôw Òdrawski''), an ethnic [[Lec people|Lec]] as Prime Minister. Under Odravsky's tenure, he instituted policies which included establishing new processing centers in the [[Genida Desert]] where suspected terrorists would be relocated, and new refugees processed to assess whether their claims were legitimate. However, this policy angered many Lecs, while many Katranjians, while supportive of these policies, feared that he would use his position to support terrorists. Thus, during his tenure, he was subject to sixteen assassination attempts.
 
This contributed to Odravsky's decision to not run in the 1970 elections, combined with his severe unpopularity among huge swaths of the population. Thus, after only fourteen months in office, he was succeeded by Liberal [[Andrei Cherganski]]. Odravsky would be murdered in 1971 during an armed robbery.
 
Following his election in 1970, Cherganski ceased the practice of relocating suspected terrorists to the processing centers, as he feared that it would radicalize the newly-arrived refugees from Lecia into joining these organizations. At the same time, Cherganski sought to restore investor confidence in Katranjiev, stating in 1971 that "the recent instability poses a threat to our economy, and our standard of living." Thus, under Cherganski's first term, he instituted policies such as reducing the size of the welfare state, reducing regulations, and at the same time invested heavily into the Katranjian military and in "developing police forces" to effectively protect businesses and civilians from terrorism.
 
Cherganski won a second term in 1975, and intended to continue on his policies, but was killed in a car bombing attack in Desislav while en route to address the ducal legislature of Desislav in January 1976. His successor, Deputy Prime Minister [[Fidan Manev]] called an election, which was won by [[Blazhe Hristov]].
 
During Hristov's first term, he continued his predecessor's economic policies. At the same time, he argued that "having a permanent military presence in Sekhessia not only is a drain on the economy, it further cements the notion that we are an occupying power." Thus, Blazhe Hristov sought to reduce Katranjiev's military presence in Sekhessia, without comprising national security.
 
This helped Katranjiev to receive economic growth, but in 1980, the [[Recession of 1980]] struck Katranjiev, which caused a {{wp|recession}} in Katranjiev, and caused the unemployment rate to triple from 2.5% in 1979, to 7.5% in 1980. This greatly affected the economy, as one of the big three banks of Katranjiev, [[Iztochna Banka]] declared bankruptcy, and the largest bank, [[Banka Krasimir]], teetering on bankruptcy. Hristov and his government responded by granting bailouts to the major banks of Katranjiev, and passed regulations which would prevent another crisis from arising.
 
These swift actions helped the unemployment rate to be reduced to 6.2% by 1981, which helped Blazhe Hristov obtain a second term. During his second term, he stabilized the Katranjian financial system, and sought to make Katranjiev be seen as a "safe country" to do business in. However, in 1983, he was forced to retire due to a diagnosis of {{wp|lung cancer}}, although by that time, unemployment rate had fallen to 4.5%.
 
===Contemporary era===
[[File:Dimitrov.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Prime Minister [[Paul Grigoryev]], 2008]]
 
In the 1983 elections, he was succeeded by [[Andrei Karavelov]]. Andrei Karavelov continued his predecessor's economic policies. The following year, Katranjiev exited the [[Recession of 1980|recession]], as the economy had entered a recovery, while unemployment had fallen to around 3.1%. Karavelov sought to increase international cooperation with other countries, especially with [[Conitia]] and [[Nordania]], and became interested in the development of what would become the [[Esquarian Community]]. At the same time, he continued his predecessor's policies of making Katranjiev a safe country to do business in, while effective policing and counter-terrorist strategies have reduced terrorist attacks from their highs in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
 
This all contributed to Karavelov securing a second term in 1988. During his second term, he oversaw Katranjiev becoming a member of the Esquarian Community in 1990, having signed the ''[[Treaty of the Esquarian Community]]''. At the same time, Andrei Karavelov continued to maintain his economic policies, and began investing in the {{wp|internet}}. It would help him win a third term in 1993, but Karavelov died of a heart attack in 1995.
 
He was succeeded by [[Iliev Popov]], who called a snap general election, but lost to [[Liberal Party of Katranjiev|Liberal]] candidate [[Paul Grigoryev]] was elected. Paul increased relations with other nations and increased trade with other countries. The economy kept growing, although it started to slow down. During his first term, he expanded the welfare state, allowing him to win a second term in 2000.
 
However, on July 21, 2001, [[Apostol XIV]] died at the age of 106 from {{wp|thyroid cancer}}. His grandson, [[Apostol XV]] became King, and it was hailed for being an orderly transition. By 2004, the National Energy Program saw an investment in {{wp|solar power|solar}} and {{wp|wind power}}, reducing their dependence on petroleum in the [[Gulf of Gelyevich]]. In 2005, Grigoryev won again, becoming the first Prime Minister to serve three terms in Katranjiev. The NEP continued, and by 2008, 45% of electricity was produced by renewable energy compared to 3% in 2003. In 2010, Grigoryev was voted out of power.
 
With that, [[Viktor Kahut]] was elected from the Conservative Party. (TBC). Kahut called an election in 2014, and was voted out in a general election in May, bringing in Liberal leader [[Magarit Ogynan]] as the new Prime Minister, making her the first female Prime Minister in Katranjian history.
 
In July 2015, Apostol XV died, and was succeeded by his daughter, [[Elis of Katranjiev|Elis]]. She became the first female monarch in nearly three hundred years.
 
Magarit Ogynan in 2017 introduced the {{wp|single-transferable vote}}, and following its passage called a snap election, which saw her party tie with the Conservatives: the Conservative candidate, [[Elena Magdarov]], formed a coalition with the far-right [[Katranjian Independence Party]].
 
==Geography==
{{multiple image
  | align = right
 
  | image1 = Azow_Sea_Sunset.JPG
  | width1 = 185
  | caption1 = Section of beach near [[Zhivkov]] at sunset
  | alt1 = Zhivkov Beach
 
  | image2 = Gerlach_south_face_B.jpg
  | width2 = 185
  | caption2 = The peak of [[Mount Nashtoinik|Mt. Nashtoinik]] is 2,954 meters above mean sea level.
  | alt2 = Mt. Nashtoinik
 
}}
Katranjiev is a medium sized-country located in [[East Borea]]. It only has around three thousand kilometers of coastline, and as a consequence, only a few major port cities. It has an area of 108,750 square kilometers (70,584.3283 square miles), and one of the denser countries in [[Esquarium]] with 23,903,392 people living in the country.
 
As of the 2015 census, 7,766,687 people, or about 32.5% of the total population, live in the [[Desislav]] metropolitan area consisting of many cities, spanning parts of the duchies of [[Solomon (duchy)|Solomon]], [[Slava]], [[Deyan]], [[Desislav (duchy)|Desislav]], and [[Antoni]], while the second largest metropolitan area is [[Bizuwiha]], with 2,619,148 people, or 10.9% of the population living in the duchies of [[Genalzim]], [[Chavdarov]], and [[Kamuk]]. The third largest metropolitan area of Katranjiev is [[Krasimir]], with 2,470,566 people, or about 10.3% of the population living in an area spanning the duchies of [[Krasimir (duchy)|Krasimir]], [[Iliev (duchy)|Iliev]], [[Genkov (duchy)|Genkov]], and Chavdarov.
 
The Katranjian landscape can be divided into five regions: the densely populated Nizina plains ([[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: Низина) which are home to fertile soils as a result of its location among major river deltas, such as the longest river of the country, the [[Reka River]], and is home to most of the population, with the largest city, [[Desislav]], situated on the Reka delta.
 
North of the delta, the plains becomes drier and hotter, until it becomes the northern [[Kretszkebòwo Desert]] in [[Sekhessia]], with populations largely concentrated along the coast, and the [[Motlawe River]]. The [[Kretszkebòwo Desert]] is home to significant deposits of {{wp|bauxite}} and other {{wp|aluminum ores}}.
 
To the east of the Nizina, are the [[Frura Mountains]] ([[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: Фрура планина, ''Frura planina'', [[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]]: Жибал ал-Васи, ''Jibal al-Wasi'', [[Lec language|Lec]]: Чəпикы, ''Czëpnéky''), with the subranges being the Czëpnéky bordering [[Lecia]] to the north, and the [[Central Frura Mountains]] to the south, separated only by a mountain pass connecting [[Krasimir]] to the southernmost desert. The highest point in Katranjiev is [[Mount Nashtoinik]], at 2,954 meters above sea level, located in the Frura Mountains.
 
To the south is the [[Genida Desert]] (Katranjian: Пустинята Генида, ''Pustinyata Genida,'' Arabic: Сахра Жанидаан, ''Sahra Janidaan''). Although it is the least fertile part of the country, the Genida desert is home to an abundance of natural resources, such as {{wp|phosphate}}, {{wp|copper}}, and {{wp|iron ore}}, which has led to an economic boom in the region.
 
Finally, to the west of the Nizina is [[Vrakos Island]], which forms the entirety of the duchy of [[Vrakos]]. While the coasts are fertile, the mountain on the island is rocky, and cannot support agriculture.
 
===Administrative divisions===
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Katranjiev}}
 
Katranjiev is divided into twenty-two duchies ([[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]]: алдавкия, ''aldawqia'', [[Katranjian language|Katranjian]]: прапороводство, ''praporovodstvo''), [[Lec language|Lec]]: вѫйевуцтвѫ, ''wòjewództwò''). Prior to 1883 (and especially during the Middle Ages), the Duchies were essentially sovereign ruled by "khertsogs" (dukes), who only paid lip service to the King of Katranjiev, although over the centuries, their powers were reduced as power was centralized. By 1883, the power of the Dukes were reduced to only being ceremonial heads of the duchies, with "tori-ministeri" (premiers, literally second ministers with "purvi ministeri" standing for Prime Minister of Katranjiev or first minister) being heads of the Legislatures (zakonodatelna) and the head of the governing party. They were abolished in 1940, and replaced with communes, based on municipal borders and typical areas, but was restored in 1976 when the Liberationists were brought down.
 
Today, they are in charge of education, healthcare, sales taxes, additional welfare, and regulations (besides federal regulations). They share concurrent jurisdiction in justice, income taxation, policing, and transportation with the federal government. However, these regulations are not as loose as in Luziyca.
 
Below the duchies, there are also 1,418 municipalities, with one municipality ([[Rekagrad]]) being part of two duchies: [[Sokolov (duchy)|Sokolov]] and [[Chenov]].
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Map !! Duchy !! Capital !! Population
|-
| rowspan=22| {{Katranjiev labelled map}} || [[Desislav (duchy)|Desislav]] || [[Desislav]] || 6,153,233
|-
| [[Genalzim]] || [[Bizuwiha]] || 2,941,683
|-
| [[Deyan]] || [[Chavdar]] || 1,936,507
|-
| [[Iliev (duchy)|Iliev]] || [[Iliev]] || 1,421,883
|-
| [[Krasimir (duchy)|Krasimir]] || [[Krasimir]] || 1,382,933
|-
| [[Sokolov (duchy)|Sokolov]] || [[Sokolov]] || 923,211
|-
| [[Slava]] || [[Tagan]] || 899,100
|-
| [[Durvo y Lovets]] || [[Predplanina]] || 898,259
|-
| [[Sekhessia]] || [[Zukòwò]] || 810,310
|-
| [[Chenov]] || [[Todorov]] || 828,130
|-
| [[Antoni]] || [[Igor]] || 725,392
|-
| [[Kamuk]] || [[Nevyarno]] || 720,281
|-
| [[Talnakh (duchy)|Talnakh]] || [[Talnakh]] || 658,291
|-
| [[Iztokov]] || [[Mishigi]] || 654,201
|-
| [[Solomon (duchy)|Solomon]] || [[Smirnov]] || 545,193
|-
| [[Maritsa]] || [[Yuzhengrad]] || 530,105
|-
| [[Katran]] || [[Roga]] || 454,014
|-
| [[Valeriev]] || [[Prokhoda]] || 403,207
|-
| [[Chavdarov]] || [[Kamen]] || 319,503
|-
| [[Genkov (duchy)|Genkov]] || [[Genkov]] || 228,391
|-
| [[Haralambi]] || [[Evgeni]] || 221,402
|-
| [[Vrakos]] || [[Ashfali]] || 148,163
|-
|}
 
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[File:A27_Ponte_Lima_Viana_Castelo_20050801.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Highway in southern Katranjiev]]
 
Katranjiev has 22,000 km of highways and 563,222 km of paved roads altogether within Katranjiev, with the car being the dominant form of transportation in the country. The minimum age to drive in Katranjiev is 16, and all cars registered in Katranjiev must have valid [[Vehicle registration plates of Katranjiev|license plates]].
 
However, Katranjiev has a railroad network, with passenger rail services operated by [[Royal Katranjian Railways]], with the most busy line being the "Tsentralna" {{wp|high-speed rail}} line from [[Desislav]] to [[Krasimir]]. Its railroad network connects to [[Lecia]], [[Mazaristan]], and TBC, as well as road links towards these countries. There are also maritime transport, but river transport is generally only used for pleasure cruises, with the most important ferries between between [[Vrakos]] and the mainland. Most of the maritime transport for cargo usually is from and to the port of Desislav.
 
It has [[Katranjian Airlines]] as the country's {{wp|flag carrier}}, based in [[Desislav]], with its only competitor based in the country being {{wp|budget airline}} [[Mughamara Airlines|Mughamara]], based in [[Bizuwiha]].
 
===Healthcare===
[[File:1_MBAL_-_Sofia.JPG|150px|thumb|left|The [[Obshtestvena bolnitsa]] in [[Krasimir]], 2010]]
Katranjian healthcare has, since the early 1940s, been a {{wp|universal healthcare}} system under the auspices of the [[All-Katranjiev Healthcare System]], and is traditionally considered to be one of the most robust healthcare systems within [[Borea (Esquarium)|Borea]]. There are 3.3 doctors per 1,000 people, and 5.2 nurses per 1,000 people, as well as 1.1 midwives per 1,000 people. The quality of most hospitals and clinics in Katranjiev are high by Borean standards.
 
Katranjians are well known for their long lifespans: the average life expectancy as of 2015 is 81.45 years (82.7 years for women, and 80.2 years for men), and is often attributed to their healthy eating habits, a tradition of physical activity, and the pleasant climate, especially in the western duchies.
 
===Education===
{{main|Education in Katranjiev}}
[[File:120_OU_G_S_Rakovski_Sofia_TB.jpg|150px|thumb|right|A school in [[Desislav]]]]
In Katranjiev, the education system was modelled on the [[Education in Luziyca|Luziycan education system]]. While it still follows the general principle, there have been some alterations to the general concept over the years, notably by changing the years in 1953 from "Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2..." to "Year 1, Year 2, Year 3..." to distance itself from Luziycan imperialism. The school year lasts from the first Monday of September to the last Friday of June, though it varies by duchy since they are in charge of education.
 
It has optional pre-kindergarten for children ages 3 to 5. On the year of the child's fifth birthday, children are required to enter a '''primary school''' with what would be Kindergarten in Luziyca being "Year 1." While they vary by duchy, after completing Year 5 (Grade 4), many enter '''intermediate schools''', where they attend until finishing Year 9 (Grade 8). Afterwards, all students enter '''secondary school'''. When one turns 16, students can drop out, but most continue until Year 13 (Grade 12), when they take the Royal Academic Test. Those who pass can graduate, but if they fail, they must repeat Year 13.
 
After graduation, many students go on to university. Some of the most prestigious universities are the [[Royal University of Krasimir]], located in [[Krasimir]].
 
==Economy==
[[File:Train_loaded_with_phosphate_rock,_Metlaoui_Tunisia-4298B.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Train loaded with phosphate at [[Nechiberi]], [[Genalzim]], 2012]]
Katranjiev's economy is a {{wp|free market}} {{wp|capitalist}} economy, with almost all of the economy dominated by the {{wp|private sector}}. As of 2015, Katranjiev has a {{wp|Nominal gross domestic product}} of $746,314,812,465, and a {{wp|Nominal GDP per capita}} of $31,222.13, while with {{wp|purchasing power parity}}, Katranjiev's total gross domestic product is at $802,876,452,819, while its GDP per capita is at $33,588.39.
 
Thirty-one percent of Katranjiev's economy is based off of the extraction of {{wp|natural resources}}, primarily {{wp|phosphate}}, {{wp|iron ore}}, and {{wp|copper}} from the [[Genida Desert]], {{wp|bauxite}} and other aluminum ores from [[Sekhessia]], and {{wp|petroleum}} off the coast of the duchies of [[Katran]], [[Solomon (duchy)|Solomon]], and [[Durvo y Lovets]]. Major Katranjian companies involved in the extraction of resources include [[Sestri]], and the [[Zaliva Neftnaya Kompaniya]] for petroleum production, [[Genida fosfat]] for phosphate production, and [[Med i zhelyazo i Darwishi]] for the production of both copper and iron.
 
Another thirty-one percent of the Katranjian economy is due to its {{wp|financial sector}}, with the three largest {{wp|commercial banks}} and {{wp|investment banks}} in the country being [[Banka Krasimir]], [[Turgovska Banka]], and the [[Nova Iztochna banka]].
 
Twenty-nine percent of the Katranjian economy derives from other {{wp|service sectors}}, with the largest sectors within the service sector being {{wp|tourism}}, {{wp|information technology}}, and {{wp|fast foods}}. Tourism to Katranjiev alone is said to make up around 12%-15% of the Katranjian economy, with the most popular tourist destinations generally the beaches of Katranjiev, which has benefited hotel chains such as [[Yurgan]]. Information technology has been developed since the 1990s, with [[Desislav]] becoming a major technological hub. Fast food has contributed to the Katranjian economy, with [[Frederick's Fries]] being established and based in [[Desislav]]. Other areas, such as healthcare, make up less than 5% of the total economy.
 
Seven percent of the Katranjian economy is based off of {{wp|manufacturing}}, which historically was a major portion of the economy, having peaked at around 60% of the total economy in 1952, before declining. Nowadays, most manufacturing is to produce equipment relating to resource extraction, either to be able to extract more resources, or to transport resources to their destinations.
 
The remaining two percent of the Katranjian economy is based off of {{wp|agriculture}}. While it is a major producer of {{wp|grapes}} and {{wp|tobacco}}, with grapes being processed into Katranjian wines, with most of them for export, as well as most tobacco in particular being exported to other countries, most agricultural production is {{wp|grains}} for domestic consumption.
 
==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Katranjiev}}
 
===Ethnic groups===
Katranjiev is widely considered to be a multicultural country. As of the 2015 census, it has 23,903,392 people residing in its sixteen duchies, with 11,425,821 people (47.8% of the population) identifying as [[Katranjians|ethnic Katranjian]], 8,573,433 (35.9% of the total population) identifying as {{wp|Arabic people|Arabs}}, of which 857,811 are refugees or descendants of refugees from [[Mazaristan]] as a result of the ongoing [[Mazari Civil War]], and 2,446,031 (10.2%) identifying as [[Lec people|Lecs]], of which 1,223,007 are either refugees or descended from refugees who fled [[Lecia]] following the creation of the Lecian Workers Republic.
 
1,458,107 (6.1%) are of other ethnic groups, with the largest immigrant groups in Katranjiev being [[Zesmynian people|Zesymnians]], [[Razarian people|Razarians]], and [[Sarkezi]], who are descendants of [[Auregan people|Auregan miners]].
 
===Religion===
Religiously, 8,844,255 people (37%) are [[Costeny|Cositenes]], followed by 8,127,153 people (34%) following [[Irfan]]. 1,912,271 people (8%) follow [[Rodnéwiary]], and 1,673,237 people (7%) follow other religions, mainly (TBC). 14% of the national population are either agnostic or atheists, officially considered irreligious by the government.
 
===Languages===
The three official languages in Katranjiev are [[Katranjian language|Katranjian]], [[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]] and [[Lec language|Lec]], all written in the {{wp|Cyrilic alphabet}}.
 
Katranjian and Lec are both part of the {{wp|Slavic languages|Slavic language family}}, with Katranjian generally used in the western regions, while Lec is spoken in [[Sekhessia]] and northern [[Antoni]].
 
Arabic is part of the {{wp|Semitic language family}}, although due to its rule by Katranjians, it has absorbed a lot of Katranjian loanwords, and is generally written in the Cyrillic alphabet.
 
==Politics==
===Monarchy===
{{Main|Monarchy of Katranjiev}}
Katranjiev is a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}, having been governed by the [[House of Desislav]] continuously from 1273, with a few exceptions due to usurpers claiming the Katranjian throne. Since 2015, the current monarch has been [[Elis of Katranjiev]], following the death of her father, [[Apostol XV]] on the 14th anniversary of the start of his reign from {{wp|thyroid cancer}}.
 
The [[Constitution of Katranjiev|Katranjian Constitution]] forbids the monarch from proposing laws and/or decrees that have an "impact on the day to day operations of the country," except succession law, which the monarch is the only person to issue legislation regarding the succession law of the Katranjian royal family. Thus, the monarch is a figurehead, and is expected to serve as a representative of the nation. While the monarch of Katranjiev can refuse to grant assent to legislation, it is rare, and is only expected to be done in circumstances where there is an "imminent threat" to the democratic traditions of the country.
 
===Legislature===
[[File:NCKat.png|250px|thumb|right|Composition of seats in the National Assembly as of the 2014 election]]
As a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}, Katranjiev has a {{wp|unicameral legislature}}, the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|National Assembly]].
 
From 1884 until 1981, it had a {{wp|bicameral legislature}} known as the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev|Parliament]], comprising of the [[National Assembly of Katranjiev#Royal Assembly|Royal Assembly]], which functioned as an upper chamber, and the aforementioned National Assembly, which served as the lower chamber, but it was abolished via [[Constitution of Katranjiev#Seventh Amendment (June 1977)|a constitutional amendment]] in 1977, which took effect in 1981.
 
Until 2017, Katranjiev used {{wp|first past the post}}, but due to heavy demand by the populace, the government adopted {{wp|single-transferable vote}} using the {{wp|Hare quota}}.
 
The current [[Prime Minister of Katranjiev|Katranjian Prime Minister]] is [[Elena Magdarov]] of the [[Conservative Party of Katranjiev]], who was elected in 2017 via single-transferable vote, and governs in a coalition with the [[Katranjian Independence Party]]. The official opposition is led by [[Yasen Dinev]] of the [[Liberal Party of Katranjiev]].
 
Other parties, such as the [[Progressive Party of Katranjiev]], [[The Left (Katranjiev)|The Left]], and the [[Green Party (Katranjiev)|Greens]] have seats in the National Assembly.
 
===Judicial===
Traditionally, the Kingdom of Katranjiev followed {{wp|common law}}, and its judicial system has followed {{wp|common law}}, as outlined in the [[Constitution of Katranjiev#Article 4: Judiciary|fourth article of the first chapter]] of the [[Constitution of Katranjiev]].
 
{{wp|Policing}} is served by the ducal police forces, though the [[Ministry of Defense (Katranjiev)|Ministry of Defense]] helps coordinate the police forces, and is in charge of {{wp|counterterrorism|counterterrorism units}} throughout the country.
 
===Military===
{{main|Royal Katranjian Armed Forces}}
[[File:SF_-_dismounted_patrol.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Soldiers practicing their skills in [[Sekhessia]], 2011]]
 
The [[Royal Katranjian Armed Forces]] are divided into four branches: the [[Royal Katranjian Army]], the [[Royal Katranjian Navy]], the [[Royal Katranjian Air Force]], and the [[Royal Katranjian Gendarmerie]].
 
As of 2015, the Royal Katranjian Armed Forces only has 83,319 active members, with 166,638 reservists. Of the active members, 40,612 are part of the Gendarmerie, who primarily focus on {{wp|counterterrorism}}, but also on stopping smuggling and trafficking. 32,173 active duty soldiers are part of the army, whose primary role is to not only deter invasions, but to also deal with {{wp|crisis management}}, and participate in humanitarian missions. 6,527 active-duty members are part of the Katranjian Air Force, which mostly focuses on patrolling Katranjian airspace. The smallest branch of the Armed Forces, the Navy, only has 4,107 active duty members, with most of them patrolling Katranjian waters to deter Lecia from infringing on Katranjian waters, and is a {{wp|brown-water navy}}.
 
==Culture==
===Literature===
Traditional Katranjian literature is generally steeped in epics and adventures. Only the 1700s did other topics begin to be more common, particularly political and religious pamphlets, which were spread by figures such as [[Zvezdelin Romanov]] and [[Habib ibn Abdallah]].
 
From the 1930s to the 1970s, the Golden Age of Katranjian Literature saw a rise in romance, action and science fiction, as well as a renaissance in adventures and political books. Popular authors from this period included [[Varban Pramatarov]], [[Ralitsa Ganeva]], [[Ashraf Khaledov]], and [[Kasper Gùrka]].
 
Between the 1970s and the mid-2000s, the tastes of Katranjian readers changed, with escapist fiction becoming a predominant aspect of contemporary Katranjian literature, with thriller and spy novels becoming more popular. Popular authors from this period included [[Trayko Vasilev]], [[Devesil Branimirov]], [[Nazhima Zhelyaskova]], [[Hanif Osmanov]], and [[Manar Anwarov]].
 
Since the mid-2000s, escapist fiction has declined in popularity, with {{wp|apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction}} and {{wp|tragicomedy|tragicomedies}} becoming incredibly popular among the population.
 
===Media===
Katranjiev due to multiculturalism has a diverse media. The primary television network is the state-run [[Katranjiev Televizya|KTV]], which broadcasts in [[Katranjian Arabic|Arabic]], [[Katranjian language|Katranjian]], and [[Lec language|Lec]]. The government also operates [[Katranjian National Radio]] in these three languages.
 
The three major national newspapers are [[Slevdovatel]] (Katranjian), [[Al-Rasul]] (Arabic), and [[Sëchesczi pòczta]] (Lec). All three of the national newspapers are {{wp|broadsheets}}. In addition, there are twenty-six other newspapers operating locally and only serving a given region. Tabloids have a rather poor reputation.
 
===Sports===
[[File:Friedensfahrt_2006.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Golkolka, 2003]]
The three most popular sports in the nation are {{wp|cycling}}, {{wp|association football}}, and {{wp|rugby union}}.
 
The [[Golkolka]] is a major cycling race held in the country, having been held continuously since 1909. It is not to the same calibre as the [[Grand Tours]] in Esquarium, but is often considered to be one of the major cycling competitions in the region, and one of the few major cycling competitions on the professional level where both men and women can compete side by side. Amateur cycling competitions are popular in the country.
 
Football is a major sport, with many professional clubs existing in the [[Royal Katranjian Football League]], with the Premier League home to the best teams in the nation. Amateur clubs are popular, and can be found in nearly every town in the country.
 
The third most popular sport is {{wp|rugby union}}, introduced by [[Auregan people|Auregans]] in the late 19th century. Known locally as ''poletopka'' (полетопка), many professional clubs exist in the [[Katranjian Poletopka League]].
 
===Cuisine===
[[File:Cacik-1.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Katranjian yogurt]]
Katranjiev's cuisine has had quite a lot of influence, due to it being at the crossroads of Arab and Slavic cultures. Major foods that are popular nationally is the {{wp|Bulgarian yogurt|kiselo milyako}}, and {{wp|kebabs}}. In the east, traditional Arabic foods such as {{wp|quzi|kuzi}}, {{wp|falafels}}, and {{wp|Samoon|guzodabo}} are widely consumed, while in the west, pita and baklava are heavily consumed. In the north, [[Lecia#Cuisine|Lecian cuisine]] is widely consumed.
 
A common dessert consumed nationally is {{wp|Garash cake}}, though {{wp|Turkish delight|lokum}} is especially common. Since the early 1900s, Katranjiev has had a high reputation for their sweets, especially chocolate, with one of the highest consumption rates of chocolate per year.
 
A beverage symbolic of Katranjiev is {{wp|Melnik wine|Chavdarov wine}}, usually consumed on special occasions such as weddings and birthdays, but in general, wine consumption is more common in the south than in the northern parts of the country, where beer is consumed.
 
However, with substantial immigration from [[West Borea]] and [[Aurega]], foods such as {{wp|podvarak}} have caught on among Katranjians.
 
===Holidays===
{{Main|Public holidays in Katranjiev}}
Below are a list of national holidays, often referred to as "statutory holidays."
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Date !! Description
|-
| {{wp|New Year's Day}} || January 1 || Celebrates the start of the new year
|-
| [[Dôwacka]] || February 19 || Celebrates the salvation of the Lecs from starvation
|-
| Den i zasazhdane || March 21 || Celebration of the start of spring
|-
| [[Dzén Stwòrzenia]] || April 14 || Traditional Lecian new year
|-
| {{wp|St. George's Day}} || April 23 || Feast day of patron saint St. George, considered to be national day
|-
| {{wp|International Labor Day|May Day}} || May 1 || Celebrates the achievements of laborers
|-
| [[Dzén Przëbëwac]] || May 2 || Celebrates the arrival of the [[Lec people|Lecs]]
|-
| {{wp|Midsummer|Den i plodorodieto}} || June 21 || Celebrates the start of summer
|-
| [[Memorial Day (Katranjiev)|Memorial Day]] || July 12 || Commemorates the war dead in all wars fought by Katranjiev, held on the anniversary of the end of the [[Katanjian-Lec War of 1875-1877|Katranjian-Lec War]] in 1877
|-
| [[Dzén Pokuti]] || August 10 || Commemorates the repentance of the schismatics
|-
| Queen's Birthday || August 26 || Celebrates birthday of the Queen
|-
| Dzén Przëmierza || September 7 || Commemorates the covenant between [[Rzékobòg]], Chief Bògùsłôw I, and the Lec people
|-
| Den i zhutvata || September 21 || Harvest festival and celebration of the start of autumn
|-
| Den i vsichki dushi || October 25 || Commemorates the dead
|-
| Cositene New Year || December 21 ''or'' 22 || Celebrates the start of the traditional [[Cositene calendar|Cositene year]]
|-
| {{wp|New Year's Eve}} || December 31 || Celebrates the end of the old year
|}

Revision as of 02:18, 7 April 2024

The Northern Integration Scheme (Itchalnu: Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq) was a Surrowese government program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by President Ted Fisher, the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over Great Island and to "integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 Itchalnu to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.

(TBC)

Background

An Itchalnu camp near Port Lochlan, August 1931

Great Island has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while Northland County was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at Lombelon Bay. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in Port Lochlan in 1711 by the Rytheneans, but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.

Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of outports on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from Holcot Inlet reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on Holcot Island or even Kikik Island can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."

However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.

By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."

With the outbreak of the First Great War, fears that Tyrnica may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at Tuktooit Inlet in what is now Stoney County, and followed by the establishment of Arvittiavak in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by Perendist missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.

However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected Prime Minister Ted Fisher concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.

Planning

In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a white paper on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of improvement districts that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."

However, the ongoing Second Great War caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.

That year, palladium was discovered near Stoney Harbour (present-day Tulaktarvik) by General Armaments. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of terra nullius.

In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the Northern Integration Act in 1952. The omnibus bill divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to counties, and outlined the components of the Northern Integration Scheme in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by Wes Anderson, who left the United People's Party to create the Northern Party to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.

Program

Registration

An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at Port Hentze, 1953

The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was registration (Itchalnu: atiliurvik). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the outports on Great Island" as a registration number (Itchalnu: ujamiit), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. C01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.

As settlement progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.

Settlement

The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was settlement (Itchalnu: nunaliit). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble Surrowese outports on Holcot Island and Kikik Island. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing.

After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the Surrowese Constabulary, their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.

As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.

Consolidation

The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was consolidation (Itchalnu: katiqsuqsimajut). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.

The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."

Personal integration

The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was personal integration (Itchalnu: imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the Perendist mission schools, and through the establishment of adult education programs targeting the Itchalnu.

Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in Tuckamore County or the Rythenean in Disappointment County, the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in Rythenean, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."

Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.

Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."

Political integration

The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was political integration (Itchalnu: gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq). Due to Northland County's lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three improvement districts, which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of Parliament from the 1954 election onward.

The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the Northern Integration Act saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the Central Improvement District and Southern Improvement District would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the Northern Improvement District "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."

Implementation

Registration, settlement and consolidation

An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in Berentson Harbour, 1954

Following the passage of the Northern Integration Act, the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.

In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being prefabricated housing that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses lacked the necessary insulation to keep the interior warm during the cold Great Island winters. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality Albrennian food at what Charles Aklack said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in Sherborn."

These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.

In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.

Integration

The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be primary schools, with secondary schools only being built in Port Lochlan and Tulaktarvik to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of Itchalnu and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.

Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with Charles Aklack saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.

Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.

Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the Stoney County Act, passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name Stoney County on that date.

End of the program

President Griffith Davidson, 1980

While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists in 1965, after President Ian Withers lost the 1971 general election, Isaac Rosenhain commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.

In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:

"Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting the Itchalnu language from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed."

The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.

President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for "up to an hour per day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, Griffin Davidson, saying that Rosenhain "sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the traditional Surrowese way of life."

In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children unable to decide their futures." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued under the guidance of the Ministry of Northern Development, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, Kippenburg Inlet in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.

Most of the final vestiges of the Northern Integration Scheme were abolished in 2015 under President Wyatt Martel as part of his vision to improve relations with the indigenous peoples of Surrow. The two improvement districts were renamed to districts, with the districts receiving increased powers over their own governance, and the district councils being mostly elected instead of being appointed by the central government. However, the districts still have the power to declare settlements unsustainable.

Legacy

As a result of the Northern Integration Scheme, poverty rates among the Itchalnu population have exceeded the national average: While in the 2021 census, the national poverty rate was at 8.1% of the population, the United Itchalnu Organisation reported that 41.5% of all Itchalnu lived in poverty as of 2021, meaning that 26.5% of all people in poverty in Surrow were Itchalnu. Charles Aklack said in 1982 that "the cause of poverty among our people" were the resettlement programs and the education system which "deprived Itchalnu of the ability to live with dignity" and "made the Itchalnu into a perpetual underclass like our Chequan brothers to the south."

The Northern Integration Scheme has been blamed for the destruction of traditional Itchalnu culture, both through the introduction of Western lifestyles that Itchalnu had generally not been exposed to, and through government policies that destroyed Itchalnu culture, such as banning the use of Itchalnu in schools, slaughtering dogs owned by Itchalnu, and cracking down on traditional hunting and fishing practices. In 2003, linguist Mark Harris noted that prior to the 1950s, the Itchalnu language had "significant dialectal variation across Great Island and Kikik Island," but because of the Northern Integration Scheme exposing Itchalnu to those who spoke different dialects of Itchalnu, combined with the standardisation of Itchalnu from the 1960s onward, "younger Itchalnu who speak the language sound more alike than their grandparents."

However, the Northern Integration Scheme led to the development of Itchalnu political movements. The first Itchalnu political organisation to emerge was the Northern Party, founded by Boyd Shields in 1971, which advocated for greater autonomy to Great Island, for indigenous rights, and to end the Northern Integration Scheme. However, the Northern Party was supplanted by Nangiqpugut Utessit in 1979, which was explicitly pro-indigenous rights and advocated for democratic socialist policies. In 1982, the United Itchalnu Organisation was formed to advocate for the interests of Itchalnu people.

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