|
|
| (49 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox country | | {{Region_icon_Ajax}} |
| | conventional_long_name = Coalition of the Coconeh Calpotlin
| | {{Infobox officeholder |
| | native_name =
| | | honorific-prefix = |
| |common_name = Calpullali
| | | name = Simon Smeleres |
| |image_flag = Flag Calpulli.png
| | | honorific-suffix = |
| |alt_flag =
| | | image = Simon smeleres.png |
| |image_coat = Tlacopan_glyph.svg
| | | image_size = 200px |
| |alt_coat =
| | | office = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]] |
| |symbol_type = Coat of Arms
| | | term = 2024 <br> 1997-2009 |
| |national_motto = {{unbulleted list|[[Ma zan moquetzacan!]]|{{small|Stand up!}}}}
| | | term_start = |
| |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list|[[Zan Nompehua Noncuica]]|{{small|I begin to sing}}}}
| | | term_end = |
| |royal_anthem = | | | deputy = |
| |other_symbol_type = | | | predecessor = |
| |other_symbol = | | | successor = |
| |image_map = | | | office2 = [[Yedviro Hetmoscar Branch President]] |
| |alt_map = | | | term2 = 1991-1997 <br> 2021-2024 |
| |map_caption = | | | term_start2 = |
| |image_map2 =
| | | term_end2 = |
| |alt_map2 =
| | | predecessor2 = |
| |map_caption2 =
| | | successor2 = |
| |capital = [[Yancuicopan]]
| | | office3 = |
| |largest_city = [[Yancuicopan]] | | | term_start3 = |
| |official_languages = {{wp|Nahuatl}} | | | term_end3 = |
| |national_languages = {{wp|Classical Otomi|Otomí}}, {{wp|Matlatzinca language|Matlatzinca}}, {{wp|Mazahua language|Mazahua}}, {{wp|Mazatecan languages|Mazatec}}, {{wp|Huastec language|Huaxtec}}, {{wp|Tepehua language|Tepehua}}, {{wp|Popoloca languages|Popoloca}}, {{wp|Zoquean|Popoluca}}, {{wp|Tlapanec language|Tlapanec}}, {{wp|Mixtec language|Mixtec}}, {{wp|Cuicatec language|Cuicatec}}, {{wp|Trique language|Trique}}, {{wp|Zapotec languages|Zapotec}}, {{wp|Zoque languages|Zoque}}, {{wp|Chochotec}}, {{wp|Chinantec}}, {{wp|Totonac languages|Totonac}}, {{wp|Cuitlatec language|Cuitlatec}}, {{wp|Pame language|Pame}}, {{wp|Mam language|Mam}}, {{wp|Tapachultec}}, among {{wp|mesoamerican languages#Classification|others}}
| | | 1blankname3 = |
| |regional_languages =
| | | 1namedata3 = |
| |ethnic_groups =
| | | predecessor3 = |
| |ethnic_groups_year = | | | successor3 = |
| |demonym = Coconeh | | | office4 = |
| |government_type = {{wp|Federal}} {{wp|socialist}} {{wp|parliamentary republic|republic}} | | | term_start4 = |
| |leader_title1 = Achcautli
| | | term_end4 = |
| |leader_name1 = [[TBD]] | | | office5 = Mayor of [[Hirzent-Maria]] |
| |leader_title2 = Tlacaquini | | | term_start5 = 2015 |
| |leader_name2 = [[TBD]] | | | term_end5 = 2020 |
| |leader_title3 = Tetlamachiliani | | | office6 = [[Drevstran|Mervoret of Drevstran]] |
| |leader_name3 = [[TBD]] | | | term_start6 = 1999 |
| |legislature = Mochicalpulleh Tlahtoloyan | | | term_end6 = 2004 |
| |upper_house = | | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|18|df=y}} |
| |lower_house = | | | birth_place = [[Drevstran]] |
| |sovereignty_type = | | | death_date = |
| |sovereignty_note = | | | death_place = |
| |established_event1 = | | | birthname = |
| |established_date1 = | | | spouse = |
| |area_rank = | | | party = [[Yedviro]] |
| |area_magnitude = | | | otherparty = Independent (2014-2021) |
| |area = | | | children = 5 |
| |area_km2 = 634,192 | | | residence = |
| |area_sq_mi = 244,862.9
| | | alma_mater = |
| |area_footnote =
| | | occupation = |
| |area_label = Total | | | profession = Politician, Lawyer |
| |percent_water = | |
| |area_dabodyalign = | |
| |population_estimate = {{increase}} 95 millions | |
| |population_estimate_rank =
| |
| |population_estimate_year = 2018
| |
| |population_census = 94,783,889
| |
| |population_census_year = 2012
| |
| |population_density_km2 = 149.46
| |
| |population_density_sq_mi = 387.09
| |
| |population_density_rank =
| |
| |GDP_PPP =
| |
| |GDP_PPP_rank =
| |
| |GDP_PPP_year =
| |
| |GDP_PPP_per_capita = | |
| |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | |
| |GDP_nominal =
| |
| |GDP_nominal_rank =
| |
| |GDP_nominal_year = | |
| |GDP_nominal_per_capita = | |
| |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | |
| |Gini = | |
| |Gini_rank = | |
| |Gini_year = | |
| |Gini_category =
| |
| |HDI = | |
| |HDI_rank = | |
| |HDI_year = | |
| |HDI_category = | |
| |currency = Mutual Credit | |
| |currency_code = | |
| |time_zone = | |
| |utc_offset =
| |
| |time_zone_DST =
| |
| |antipodes =
| |
| |date_format = dd.mm.yyyy
| |
| |DST_note =
| |
| |utc_offset_DST = | |
| |drives_on = right | |
| |cctld = .tl | |
| |iso3166code = | |
| |calling_code = | |
| |image_map3 = | |
| |alt_map3 = | |
| |footnotes =
| |
| |footnote1 =
| |
| |footnote2 =
| |
| |footnote7 =
| |
| }} | | }} |
|
| |
|
| the '''Coalition of Coconeh Calpotlin''', also known as the '''Coalition of the Free Calpotlin''', '''Calpullali''', or by the acronym of '''CCC''', officially known as the '''Chimalli-Amoxtli Coconeh Calpotlin''' is a [[Calpulism|Calpulist]] {{wp|federal}} {{wp|state}} in the [[Eastern Continents]]. It has a population of roughtly 95 millions inhabitants. It’s capital is [[Yancuicopan]]. Before the [[Cloud and Flower Revolution]], the country was known as the '''Azcapotzalco Tlahtoloyan''' or “''Empire of Azcapotzalco''”.
| | '''Simon David Maridates Smeleres''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese politician born the 18th of August 1947 in the village of [[Hirzent-Maria]]. He is part of the [[Smeleres political dynasty]]: his father is [[Mirkulash Smeleres]], a respected [[Yedviro]] party official and realtor and his mother [[Amaryllis Philaioui]], daughter of [[Maridates Philaioui]], a [[Mesogeia]]n expatriate gemstones trader who lived in [[Angrast]]. Through his father, he is a relative of the [[Siranko]] family, which trace its roots back to both [[Velikoslavia|Velerian]] and [[Lushyodorstag|Lushyod]] nobility. Lawyer by trade, he got into politics early on, joining the Youth-Section of [[Nepserot]] at the age of 16, and then became a party member at 20 but left to join the newly formed [[Yedviro]] in 1976. He served as party official, branch president, mayor of Hirzent-Maria, Delegate to the Parliament, Governor, before becoming President of Yedviro and ultimately Mervoret. |
|
| |
|
| After the fall of the [[Nazahualkanids Dynasty]], the Tlahtoloyan was replaced by the [[Altepetl Federation]]. But this regime was itself very weak and unstable, finally dissolving during the [[War of Thousand Colors]] that ended with the victory of the Calpulist faction and the creation of the current Coalition.
| | His 2009 campaign was cut short by the accusations of corruption and treason while serving as Mervoret brought against him by [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]. While he was found non-guilty on treason, the bad press brought by the trial and his condemnation for corruption while in office led to his destitution by the Yedviro Party which ultimately took away his card. He returned to politics in 2015 as an Independent, running for the Mayorship of his birthplace. His successful comeback and rekindled popularity has allowed him to rejoin Yedviro, ultimately returning to the position of President with the mission of winning the 2024 General Elections. |
|
| |
|
| ==Etymology== | | ==Early Life== |
| A ''{{wp|Calpulli}}'', translated as “''Great House''”, “''Communal House''”, or “''District''”, is a traditional administrative and social division inside the Coalition. One of the great objective of the CCC was to create a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} society capable of being understood and accepted by the general population. To this day, the nation is officially only a “Coalition” of autonomous District, with barely any administrative division recognized beyond it.
| | Simon Smeleres was born on the 18th of August 1947 at the St-Jon Bazimilion Hospital in [[Petrograve]] to [Mirkulash Smeleres]] and [[Amaryllis Philaioui|Smeleres]], born Philaioui. The Smeleres are a cadet branch of the wider Siranko family and arrived in [[Hetmoscar]], the northernmost region of [[Drevstran]] on the border with [[Arazija]], when the formation of the Triple-Crown when garrison towns were created on the border due to the risk of troubles from [[Ludvosiya]] spilling over. His grandfather, [[David Smeleres]] had been Magistrate of Petrograve and supported [[Prince Farza of Kaposlovar]] and his Golden Columns during the [[Drevstranese Civil War]] before serving as Deputy of Hetmoscar in the First Republic. His father Mirkulash inherited his father' position within the upper society of Petrograve. But the Smeleres would end up drawing the ire of [[Vernesto Skolad]]. David and his children, including Mirkulash, were arrested and imprisoned. David Smeleres would die in jail in 1949. Mirkulash and the rest of the family would only be freed in 1953 after the Black Streets Days and the creation of the Second Republic. He would be one of [[Nepserot]] first adherent in the north and represent the party in his region. |
|
| |
|
| “''Coconeh''”, meaning “''Children''", is the accepted political term to design every citizen of the CCC without distinction of ethnicity or regional origin.
| | His maternal grandfather, [[Maridates Philaioui]], had moved from [[Mesogeia]] to Drevstran as a representative for his family' diamond, gemstone, and jewelries trade. He possibly chose to settle permanently in [[Angrast]] due to his [[Aletheic Church|Aletheic faith]] which has often been victim of persecutions in Mesogeia. In the end, he became a fixture of the capital' upper society. His daughter, [[Amaryllis Philaioui|Smeleres]], would meet Mirkulash Smeleres during a reception and the two married in 1946, 10 months before their first son birth. Amaryllis was arrested alongside her husband but was allowed to return in house arrest to take care of their underaged child. |
|
| |
|
| ==History==
| | In 1965, Simon Smeleres integrated the prestigious [[Saint Julian University]] in [[Angrast]], in its Legal Studies Cursus. At 23 years old, in 1970, he passed his bar examination and became an associated lawyer at [[Mount-Peregrin Legal Counseling]] back in [[Petrograve]], a firm partly owned by one of Mirkulash known friend. He served as a lawyer until 1976, when events would precipitate his political career. |
|
| |
|
| ===First Tulla=== | | ==Political ascension== |
| [[File:View from Pyramide de la luna.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Ruins of the First Tulla]] | | ===Deputation=== |
| Around 300 BC, the city of Tulla began expanding in the {{wp|Valley of Mexico|Xaltocan Valley}}, similarly to other great cities like its rival Cuilca, destroyed during a volcanic eruption in 55 BC. After this event, Tulla was left free to expand without any rival to balance its rise.
| | The electoral failures of 1974 pushed Nepserot' inner divisions to the forefront, notably the critics against [[Sargaï Bharamut]] turned into outright hostility. In the end, the party split up in three, with [[Priatselvo]] and [[Baratsag]] parties going their own way before merging, alongside other fringe political forces, into a new party in 1976: [[Yedviro]]. |
|
| |
|
| During the following centuries, the city became the heart of a vast network of tributaries and of economical and cultural dependencies. It’s wealth was unequaled and by 450 AD, it had reached it height. It’s only during the 7th century that Tulla started to decay due to unfavorable climatic changes and waves of migrating Chichimecas. The temples and palaces of the cities were burned during what is supposed to have been massive popular unrest and riots, and then Tulla was abandoned by its inhabitants.
| | Simon Smeleres had followed the dissidents and joined Priatselvo and ultimately took his card at Yedviro. The relative lack of manpower allowed Simon to gain the support of the party as he ran for the Mayorship of Petrograve, where he remained a local figurehead of the Party from 1980 to 1990. |
| | |
| ===intermediate Period===
| |
| | |
| The '''First Chichimeca Migration''' brought in the once Tullan-held territories new populations and new languages that added themselves on top of the {{wp|Oto-mangues languages|Oto-mangues speakers}} of the preceding era. It’s during that time that the Toltec, Chichimecas who adopted Tullan culture, emerged, and developed their own city-states alongside those of the natives, taking their distances from their nomadic past.
| |
| | |
| To the south, the {{wp|Totonac|Totonacs}} whom had come to dominate the second half of the Tullan era re-centered their civilization around another major trade hub : the city of [[Tajin]] which had been spared from the Chichimecas invasions. Chroniclers from later periods would refer to the Intermediate Period by the poetic phrase of “''Dogs packs, Builders’ cities, and a Thunderous Voice''”.
| |
| | |
| ===Second Tulla===
| |
| [[File:Pirámide tula.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Ruin of a Toltecatl Pyramid]]
| |
| “Second Tulla” is the name commonly given to the Toltec city of [[Zuluya]] whom managed to become the sole hegemon of most of what had been the First Tulla’s core territories and of almost all Toltecs cities. But even at its height, it was permanently in conflict with [[Tajin]], which had become an important hegemon in its own right, taking over vast sways of what is today the south of “Calpullali”. Lasting from the 10th to the 13th century AD, this period received the poetic name of “''North and South''” ("''Tlatziuhqui iuan Ytzicotla''”) by later chroniclers, referring to a famed poetry compendium of the same name.
| |
| | |
| Like the previous Tulla, this era ended with a second migration wave of Chichimeca, when the {{wp|NahuatlNahuatl-speaking people}} destroyed both Zuluya and Tajin. The Nahuas settled down in the lands they had conquered and started to adopte the Toltec culture themselves. This led to the period historians know as the “Second Intermediate Period” which is traditionally considered to end with the reign of the {{wp|Tepanec}} {{wp|Tlatoani}} [[Tezozomoc]] (1349 - 1426) and the unification of all the principalities around {{wp|Lake Xochimilco|Lake Xaltocan}}.
| |
| | |
| ===Azcapotzalco Empire===
| |
| [[File:Codex Mendoza folio 10r.jpg|250px|thumb|Codice recording the cities defeated by [[Acolhuanacatl]] during his reign]]
| |
| After the fall of the [[Zuyua|Second Tulla]], new populations migrated into the {{wp|Valley of Mexico|Xaltocan Valley}}. One of these groups, the {{wp|Tepanec|Tepanecs}}, led by [[Matlacoatl I]], founded the settlement of [[Azcapotzaltongo]] on the shores of Lake Xaltocan in 1152. 50 years later, the settlement had become an important city with other Nahua-speaking principalities as rivals, such as {{wp|Acolhua|Acolhuacan}}, but also Chichimeca Kingdoms like [[Tenayuca]], and surviving colonies of Tulla like the prestigious {{wp|Culhuacan|Colhuacan}}. The Tepanecs nonetheless managed to expand and colonize most of the northern shore of the lake.
| |
| | |
| In 1293 [[Acolhuatzin]], {{wp|Tlatoani|Tlatoani of Azcapotzaltongo}}, married the daughter of Tenayuca’s king, ending the alliance of that principality with Acolhuacan. Acolhuatzin decided to move his capital to a new settlement he called [[Azcapotzalco]] which was located in a much more strategic position now that the threat of Chichimeca raids was lifted. His son, [[Acolhuanacatl]], succeeded him in 1343.
| |
| | |
| When his maternal uncle died a few days later, Aclohuanacatl was invited by a faction of Tenayucan nobles to come and take the throne of the {{wp|city-state}}, which Acolhuanacatl did, proclaiming himself Tlatoani of both Azcapotzalco and Tenayuca. It was a long process for the {{wp|Tepanec|Tepanec}} King to legitimize his takeover, only completed with his victory against the Acolhuas in 1360. And so, in 1367, his son [[Tezozomoc]] inherited both Altepetl without any unrest.
| |
| | |
| During Tezozomoc’s rule, the Tepanecs knew a few military defeats against both {{wp|Acolhua|Acolhuan}} and {{wp|Culhuacan|Colhuacan}}. The latter notably had started to employ a newly arrived {{wp|Nahuatl|Nahua-speaking}} tribe, the {{wp|Mexica|Mixca}}, as mercenaries in their wars. The Mixca were offered the hills of Chapultepec, that delimited the Azcapotzalco-Colhuacan border. However, relations between {{wp|Culhuacan|Colhuacan}} and their mercenaries grew colder after a serie of diplomatic events, allowing Tezozomoc to ally himself with the Mixca and other nomadic people. After a new war against Colhuacan, the Tepanec and their new allies destroyed the city-state. After this victory Acamapichtli, leader of the Mixca, was recognized in his position as Tlatoani of Chapultepec, and became a vassal of Tezozomoc in 1372.
| |
| | |
| Tezozomoc did not stop there and continued to tie various chiefdoms and principalities to himself through dynastic marriages, alliances, and vassalage, greatly expanding his sphere of influence to the point that during the last years of his rule, he was able to conquer Acolhuan and turn it into a tributary state.
| |
| [[File:Maxtlatl.JPG|250px|thumb|Maxtla the Pretender]]
| |
| In 1426 [[Tayahauh]] succeeded his father on the throne but his brother [[Maxtla]], who had received the throne of [[Aculnahuacatl]] a {{wp|Tepanec}} colony, contested the succession and proclaimed himself Tlatoani of Azcapotzalco. The Mixcas and the Chichimecas sided with Tayahauh, while Maxtla allied with Acolhuan. Ultimately, Tayahauh and his partisans emerged victorious from the civil war.
| |
| | |
| Tayahauh’s rule was contrasted. On the bright side after the civil war he managed to resume the Tepanec’ expansion and to finally conquer the last independents city-states in the Valley and was proclaimed ''Huetlatoani'', “'Great King”, by his vassals. On the other hand, these same vassals had become more and more powerful, both in term of courtly titles they held but also because the dismantlement of Maxtla and his partisans possessions was done in their favours. It’s notably under the Mixca’s influence that the newly crowned Huetlatoani started a vast serie of reforms, re-organizing the collection of taxes, tributes, made school mandatory for every young man and woman, created the title Quauhpili for commoners who proved themselves in battle as a stepping stone toward the nobility… the foundations of the imperial edifices were layed out.
| |
| | |
| [[Tecollotzin]], son of Tayahauh and of a {{wp|Mexica|Mixca princess}}, expanded his hegemony to new territories. This renewed expansion process would not stop until the 16th century, and by then the {{wp|Tepanec}} had made themselves the masters of a vast territory, from the mountains to the ocean.
| |
| | |
| ===16th century crisis===
| |
| | |
| It is under the reigns of [[Chimalopoca]] (1469-1489) and [[Tezozomoc II]] (1489-1519) that the {{wp|Tepanec}} finished their first “great conquests”. However, the year 1521 was marked by the spread of the [[Teltetzaltin Plague]], so called because it caused the death of the Huetlatoani Teltetzaltin (1519 - 1524). It is estimated that the Plague killed almost a third of the Empire’s total population, some estimates going as far as more than an half.
| |
| | |
| The successor of Teltetzaltin, [[Tayahauh II]], started a vast project of public health to stop the epidemy : systematic quarantines, construction of new hospitals, creation of a new agency charged with the inspection of canals and sanitations. Ultimately the situation improved, but infantile mortality would remain higher than during the previous century.
| |
| | |
| The direct approach of the throne toward the plague meant that it had to overtake the local aristocracy. Slowly, the Tlatoani tried to install the superiority of “Plague Inspectors” over local governors in matters associated to diseases and public health, and then attempted to reinforce the powers of all inspectors over vassal rulers. This strengthening was possible because of the chaotic situation left by the death of a sizeable minority of the aristocracy and the ensuing conflicts over their inheritance.
| |
| | |
| [[Tecollotzin II]] (1547 - 1579) would use this reinforced administration and central authority to launch multiple campaigns of expansions, a process that finished alienating the noble houses toward the monarchy.
| |
| | |
| ===Great Lords Revolt===
| |
| | |
| [[Itzacohuatl]] succeeded his father on the throne in 1579. At first his rule was peaceful, but with each passing year, his mental state deteriorated until he was no longer able to rule correctly. It was his mother, [[Chalchiuitl]], who obtained the regency, but this started a conflict between her and the {{wp|Tlatoani|Huetlatoani}}’s wife, [[Icnoyotl]]. It would culminate in 1582 when the general [[Motelciuh]] entered Azcapotzalco on the invitation of Chalchiutl and her partisans and forcing their rivals to flee the general and his army. Motelciuh became co-regent, but the next year he forced Chalciutl to flee the city too, and took the control of the throne for himself.
| |
| | |
| Itzacohuatl’s brother, [[Oquitzlin]], joined his mother’s side and launched a revolt against Motelciuh. By 1587 he had taken over some of the mountain passes that controlled the access to the capital. Two years later, Motelciuh fled the city with the “mad huetlatoani”. In 1590, both Itzacohuatl and Motelciuh were killed in battle, and Oquitzlin succeeded his brother on the throne. Nonetheless, the son of Motelciuh, [[Motelciuh the Younger]], would continue his father’s fight until 1603, when he was killed during a raid against his camp.
| |
| | |
| ===Flowers and Clouds Revolution===
| |
| | |
| The '''Xōchimeh iuan Mixtlemi Malacachtli''' began after the “''Three Years of tear''” marked by the earthquake of 1888, the drought of 1889, and the flood of 1890. Entire regions had been depopulated by the catastrophes, and people were forced on the roads, to gain the cities were they formed large slums. The government proved to be incapable to respond to the crisis, and hundred of thousands died during the following famines. These natural events reinforced, and were worsened by, the economic downturn the country was knowing, with farmers having little to no reserve in their granaries left because of the poor harvests and the high taxes. Banditry became common and a permanent threat to travelers in the devastated countrysides.
| |
| | |
| Bandit-lords, with the help of local officials who felt abandoned by the central government, formed petty domain in constant struggles with both each others and the Tlatholayan millitary. After eight years of a constantly dwindling situation and the failure of the Reformists to change the institutions of the Tlatholoyan as they had been either emprisoned, killed, or fled the country, victims of a palace coup plotted by the more reactionary elements of the Court. This coup and the following propaganda and news campaigns against the Reformists greatly shocked and angered the population, and protests appeared in all of the nation’s great cities, which quickly turned into riots.
| |
| | |
| In 1900, entire divisions of the military revolted and the general-turned-warlord [[Machimaleh]] moved toward Acapotzalco. Alongside other generals and local “bandit lords”, he created the “[[Federal Proviional Government|Republican Provisional Government]]” and then the “[[Federal Provisional Government]]”. He then gained precious victories against the Royalists, recruited the defeated soldiers and officers into his army, and raided many military bases for fuel, equipment, and rations. FPG troops reached the capital in 1901 and after a tense battle were large sways of the cities had been destroyed by artillery shells, the Republicans emerged victorious and captured the Huetlatoani, while his court and the rest of his family had fled to the last bastions loyal to them and where they proclaimed a new Huetlatoani.
| |
| | |
| The FPG transformed itself once again into the [[Federal Republic of the United Altepetl]]. But it’s internal weaknesses, being led by a coalition of warlords who all controlled their sway of lands without any oversight possible, and the disastrous situation of the country, meant that the Federal Republic was completely unable and unwilling to put into actions the reforms it had announced. The attempt by the FRUA to put an end to provincial privileges led to the rebellions of the Millitary Governors who felt their rights threatened by the new regime and immediately joined the Royalists’ side. Secessionists movements also won during this period of chaos, and founded local states such as [[Yucu Dzaa]] and [[Guie Ngola]]. Quickly, all sense of cohesion inside the FRUA itself shattered, as warlords started to fight each others to gain more lands.
| |
| | |
| ===War of the Thousand Colors===
| |
| [[File:Occupation of Haiti.jpg|250px|thumb|Federalist patrol after the creation of the [[Federal Republic of the United Altepetl|FRUA]]]]
| |
| Despite the difficulties known by the Federalists, the Royalists were, too, immobilized by internal strifes. The support of the Millitary Governors proved invaluable to the Huetlatoani and brought many early victories. But a successful pushback from [[Machimaleh]]’s elite troops immobilized the front and stopped the advance of the royalists. Furthermore, the loyalty of the Millitary Governors was not free and they demanded more guarantees, liberties, and privileges, and more importantly for it to be enshrined in a constitution. Conflicts between {{wp|Absolutism|Absolutists}} and {{wp|Constitutional Monarchy|Constitutionalists}} proved to be as devastating for the Royalists as the war with the Federal Government, if not moreso.
| |
| | |
| ===Rise of the Calpullists===
| |
| [[File:Wovoka Paiute Shaman.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Maxtatlon during the [[War of Thousand Colors]]]]
| |
| It’s in this context of anarchy that [[Maxtatlon]] became recognizable public figures. Maxtatlon was the theoretician of a form of Socialism known as “''Nocalli tlahtōlli''”, or “[[Calpullism]]”. A long time political activist, classified as either {{wp|socialism|socialist}} or {{wp|anarchism|anarchist}}, forced into illegality by both the Monarchists and the Reformists. After the Revolution, he found refuge in the province of [[Yepeacac]], and promoted among the population his system of a “federation of independent communes, where lands and tools are collectivized, and where private property is abolished in favour of the right given by the labour of the workers”. It quickly proved to be extremely popular in agricultural settlements, where the new “{{wp|Calpulli}}” organized following Maxtatlon’s instructions, started to set up {{wp|Mutual credit|credit unions}} and {{wp|Mutual insurance|Mutual Insurances}}. The farmer-bandits of the regions were reorganized into fully fledged militias called the “''Red Jackets''” and the “''Black Vests''”, led by some of Maxtatlon’s closest associates, such as [[Coatzontli]], [[Cuexatlan]] and [[Quixhetlin]].
| |
| | |
| The Calpullist became the dominant faction of [[Yepeacac|Yepeacac Altepetl]]’s countryside, remaining a rural movement still considered to be a “bandit uprising”.by other factions. Coatzontli, Cuexatlan, and Quixhetlin, the [[Three Generals (Calpullism)|Three Generals]] of the [[Calpullism|Calpullists]], victories over the Federalists and then their conquests of the Province’s urban centers, changed the population’s opinion on them, and confirmed their group's position as one of the “noteworthy” factions by stopping a Royalist incursion in their territories.
| |
| | |
| All over the country, territories on the border between the Federalists and the Royalists knew spontaneous revolts claiming to be “Calpullists” in nature. [[Cuexatlan]] and [[Quixhetlin]] were notably sent to structurate and educate these new “Free Calpotlin”, and to organize their military resistance against other factions. Not all of these revolts, nor all of the generals’ operations, were successful, but the infamy and the size of the Calpullist faction quickly grew nonetheless.
| |
| | |
| Meanwhile, [[Coalzontli]] took the lead of the military operations against the Royalists. Helped by grassroots uprisings started spontaneously or favorized by his agents in the Royalists-held territories, and following a no-direct-fighting policy against his better equipped opponents, Coalzontli managed to gain a serie of strategic victories against them, and even obtained the reddition of important royalists cities whom had lost all of their countryside and had their supply lines cut by the Calpullist General.
| |
| | |
| A second campaign, led by [[Cuexatlan]], began after Coalzontli early successes. Cuexatlan managed to cut the grass under the feet of his Federalist rival, the Warlord [[Teccizmitl]], by invading and defeating the Secessionists states of [[Yucu Dzaa]] and [[Guie Ngola]] and then crushing Teccizmitl, who had been forced to rush his own planned invasion of the {{wp|Nationalism|Secessionists}}, at the [[battle of Singers Road]]. This quick rise of the Calpullists mark the end of the first part of the Thousand Colors War.
| |
| | |
| ===The end of the war===
| |
| | |
| After the suppression of the monarchists as a credible threat and the crushing defeat of the Teccimitzl at the [[battle of Singers Road]], the uneasy truce between the Federalists and the Calpullists was no longer beneficial to either side. Mextatlon published his “Denonciation of the Federalists”, a text presented as an “''aggressive demand for reforms and for the liberation of all the workers''”. It would serve as a de-facto declaration of war.
| |
| | |
| The armies led by the [[Three Generals (Calpullism)|Three Generals]] proved to be more experimented, better equipped, and to have a better morale than most of the Federalists troops, still divided among their allegiances to competing Warlords and limited by their lack of real funds. At the [[battle of Pachyohcan]], the last elite army of the FRUA was annihilated by Coalzontli”s columns. After the Second Battle of Azcapotzalco, the last remaining Federalists leaders fled to other cities to find refuges, but ended up caught and imprisoned by the Calpullists through various events. | |
| | |
| To symbolically end the conflict, even if it would take many more months to crush the last pockets of Federalist resistances, Maxtatlon organized the first “''Cepan Mochicalpulleh''”, the “''Assembly of the All the Calpotlin''”, in [[Hueynochtlan]], a city near the devastated {{wp|Azcapotzalco}}. It’s this Assembly that officialy proclaimed the liberation of “All the Children of the Lands, the destitution of all “reactionary institutions”, and the creation of the “Coalition of the Coconeh Calpotlin”.
| |
| | |
| ===Maxtatlon Regime===
| |
| | |
| Major combats of the [[War of Thousand Colors]] ended in 1924. The regime consolidated its popularity among the peasants through a program of {{wp|Collectivisation}}, {{wp|Land Reforms}}, installation of {{wp|Workplace Democracy}} and shared-ownership of the enterprises, extension of the network of Mutualists banks and insurances, and so on. Under [[Maxtatlon]], the decentralization process was pushed to its maximum, with the disbanding of all units that had served under the Calpullists and the creation of “''Calpulli Autonomous Divisions''” in charge of protecting and securing their respective Districts. It’s only pushed by his remaining two generals, [[Cuexatlan]] and [[Quixhetlin]], that Maxtatlon approved and allowed the [[Cepan Mochicalpulleh]] to vote the creation of the “''Supra-Calpotlin Fighting Force''”, a Federal Military of a sort that was put under Quichetlin’s direction.
| |
| | |
| Maxtatlon’s time as the {{wp|Head of State}} of the recently created Coalition is remembered for its idealism and pursue of a perfect form of Calpullism bordering on {{wp|Anarchism}}. Between 150,000 and 200,000 “Calpulli Wards” and other landowners, or simply peasants supposed to be wealthy, died during the Collectivisation, and another 100,000 political opponents may have been purged by the Calpullists, even if concrete evidences are lacking.
| |
| | |
| ==Geography==
| |
| | |
| ==Government==
| |
| [[File:Gobernador_Gabino_Cué_Monteagudo.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Current Achcautli [[Oaxhicatl]]]]
| |
| The government is led by an '''Achcautli''' or "Leader". The Achcautli is elected by the [[Copan Mochicalpulleh]], the Assembly of All Representatives. The Achcautli is in charge of supervising and coordinating the various "National" or "Federal"-level institutions of the Coalition, such as the Millitary, the Inter-Districts Law Enforcement, the Inspectorate, Intelligence Services, the {{wp|central bank}}, or the National Insurance Agency. The Directors of these institutions are elected, recalled, and/or replaced by the Copan Mochicalpulleh, and they form with the Achcautli at their head the de-facto {{wp|Executive}} of the Coalition. At the end of each years, the Achcautli and the Directors have to present a "bilan" of their agencies' activities during the year and answer the questions of the Representatives, who will then decide to keep the Achcautli or Director, replace him, or even call-in the {{wp|judiciary}} if they consider that he has committed grave crimes against the Coalition and its citizens.
| |
| [[File:Miguel Barbosa (cropped).jpg|250px|thumb|Current Tlacaquini [[Huanitzin]]]]
| |
| Thus at the heart of political activities in the Coalition is the [[Copan Mochicalpulleh]] (Assembly of all the Representatives), the {{wp|legislative}} branch of the Coalized State, with a seat for the representatives of each Calpullis originally, and now for the Representatives of each Districts Associations. The Assembly fix the budget allowed to each Agency, to the military, has the power to declare wars, change laws, create "Economic plans", among various other powers bestowed to it by the '''18 Atemoztli Constitution'''. However each years, a quarter of the Representatives have to return to their Districts to present the bilan of their activities to their '''People's Council''', made of anywhere between 29-to-689 randomly selected District-citizens. The People's Council then decide wether or not confirm the Representative for another year, start an election process (involving the entirety of the Calpulli's citizens) to replace him, and maybe even to call-in the local {{wp|prosecutor}} to start an in-depth investigation on the ex-Representative. It's the newly constituted Assembly who then, once back to [[Hueynochtlan]] who will then judge the members of the Executive in a similar fashion.
| |
| | |
| The President of the Assembly, the '''Tlacaquini''' is elected for one mandate of one year during which he preside the debates, the discussions, fix the agenda of the Assembly, supervise the various Commitees, and rule over the gestion of the buildings belonging to the Copan Mochicalpulleh.
| |
