Toki dynasty: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox former country | {{Infobox former country | ||
|native_name | |native_name = 大土岐<br><small>Dà Tǔqí ({{wp|Mandarin Chinese|Xiaodongese}})</small><br><small>Dai Toki({{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}})</small> | ||
|conventional_long_name = Toki | |conventional_long_name = Great Toki | ||
|common_name = Toki | |common_name = Toki dynasty | ||
| | | | ||
|continent = | |continent = | ||
|region = | |region = | ||
|country = Toki | |country = Toki dynasty | ||
|era = | |era = | ||
|status = | |status = | ||
|status_text = | |status_text = | ||
|empire = | |empire = | ||
|government_type = {{wp|Family dictatorship|Hereditary}} {{wp|military dictatorship}} | |government_type = {{wp|Family dictatorship|Hereditary}} {{wp|military dictatorship}} (1660-1664)<br>{{Wp|Absolute monarchy}} (1664-1858) | ||
|legislature = | |legislature = | ||
|house1 = | |house1 = | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
|leader2 = [[Toki Hayato]] | |leader2 = [[Toki Hayato]] | ||
|year_leader2 = 1833-1858 | |year_leader2 = 1833-1858 | ||
|title_leader = {{wp| | |title_leader = {{wp|Emperor}} | ||
|deputy1 = | |deputy1 = | ||
|stat_year1 = | |stat_year1 = | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
|today = [[File:Flag of Xiaodong.png|22px]] [[Xiaodong]] | |today = [[File:Flag of Xiaodong.png|22px]] [[Xiaodong]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Toki | The '''Toki dynasty''' ('''大土岐'''; ''{{wp|Mandarin Chinese|Xiaodongese}} Dà Tǔqí''; ''{{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}} Dai Toki''; '''Great Toki''') was the state that ruled [[Xiaodong]] from 1660 to its overthrow in 1858 during the [[Baiqiao Revolution]]. | ||
The Toki Sougunate came into existence in the aftermath of the [[Soukou War]] which saw the [[Red Orchid Rebellion]] bring down the [[Jiao dynasty]]. | The Toki Sougunate came into existence in the aftermath of the [[Soukou War]] which saw the [[Red Orchid Rebellion]] bring down the [[Jiao dynasty]]. ''[[Tankenhei]]'' [[Toki Sinzou]], initially a Jiao retainer, managed to conquer Xiaodong and declared himself {{wp|Shogun|Sougun}} pledging fealty to the Senrian imperial throne, although this was never recognised. In 1664 Sinzou declared himself Emperor, taking the traditional title of Xiaodongese monarchs. Toki undertook a policy of Senrianisation designating Senrian as the national language and reforming the feudal lords into a {{wp|feudalism|feudal}} system based on the Senrian {{wp|daimyō|daimyous}}. This resulted in much of the Emperor's court to become ethnically or culturally Senrian, although the vast majority of the populace and elite remained Xiaodongese. | ||
The Toki oversaw stability during the 1700's but by the 1800's faced political and economic instability as [[Xiaodongese nationalism]] became a potent force. A botched attempt at modernisation known as the [[Toki Reform Movement]] and a devastating famine in 1855-6 widely blamed on the Toki leadership resulted in a group of nationalist nobles to declare the [[Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire]] in the [[Baiqiao Revolution]], with the Toki forces being defeated in 1858. | The Toki oversaw stability during the 1700's but by the 1800's faced political and economic instability as [[Xiaodongese nationalism]] became a potent force. A botched attempt at modernisation known as the [[Toki Reform Movement]] and a devastating famine in 1855-6 widely blamed on the Toki leadership resulted in a group of nationalist nobles to declare the [[Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire]] in the [[Baiqiao Revolution]], with the Toki forces being defeated in 1858. | ||
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
==Government== | ==Government== | ||
The government of the Toki | The government of the Toki dynasty was nicknamed as the ''bakuhu'' ("tent government"), reflecting the fact that the government originated from the command tent of the Sougun during the Toki conquest of Xiaodong. The government created by the Toki was split into two divisions - bureaucratic institutions inherited from the Jiao dynasty and new institutions created by the Toki. The former Jiao institutions were mainly staffed by ethnic Xiaodongese the new Toki ones ethnic Senrians. These institutions were divided between the twin capitals of Baiqiao and Rongzhuo, with the former Jiao capital of Baiqiao being the "winter capital" containing the functions of the former Jiao dynasty and Rongzhuo, the summer capital, containing the institutions set up by the Toki. Over time, Emperors were based solely in Rongzhuo thus depriving the Baiqiao-based Xiaodongese bodies of a purpose. By the 1700's power was firmly centred in the hands of the Toki government in Rongzhuo. | ||
===Ethnic policy=== | ===Ethnic policy=== | ||
===List of | ===List of monarchs=== | ||
{| width=82% class="wikitable" | {| width=82% class="wikitable" | ||
! width=2% | # | ! width=2% | # | ||
! width=1% | Picture | ! width=1% | Picture | ||
! width=10% | Name | ! width=10% | Name | ||
! width=6% | | ! width=6% | Emperor From | ||
! width=6% | | ! width=6% | Emperor Until | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|1||align="center"|[[File:Tokugawa Ieyasu2.JPG|80px]]||align="center"|[[Toki Sinzou]]||align="center"| | |align="center"|1||align="center"|[[File:Tokugawa Ieyasu2.JPG|80px]]||align="center"|[[Toki Sinzou]]||align="center"|1664||align="center"|1684 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|2||align="center"|[[File:Tokugawa Ietsugu cropped.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Toki Banrei]]||align="center"|1684||align="center"|1723 | |align="center"|2||align="center"|[[File:Tokugawa Ietsugu cropped.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Toki Banrei]]||align="center"|1684||align="center"|1723 | ||
Latest revision as of 21:07, 18 December 2020
Great Toki | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1660–1858 | |||||||||
 Flag
 Crest
| |||||||||
| File:Toki shogunate.png | |||||||||
| Capital | Outomari | ||||||||
| Common languages | Senrian Xiaodongese | ||||||||
| Religion | Taojiao | ||||||||
| Government | Hereditary military dictatorship (1660-1664) Absolute monarchy (1664-1858) | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 1660-1684 | Toki Sinzou (first) | ||||||||
• 1833-1858 | Toki Hayato | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 1660 | |||||||||
| 1858 | |||||||||
| Currency | Kuai (块) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Xiaodong | ||||||||
The Toki dynasty (大土岐; Xiaodongese Dà Tǔqí; Senrian Dai Toki; Great Toki) was the state that ruled Xiaodong from 1660 to its overthrow in 1858 during the Baiqiao Revolution.
The Toki Sougunate came into existence in the aftermath of the Soukou War which saw the Red Orchid Rebellion bring down the Jiao dynasty. Tankenhei Toki Sinzou, initially a Jiao retainer, managed to conquer Xiaodong and declared himself Sougun pledging fealty to the Senrian imperial throne, although this was never recognised. In 1664 Sinzou declared himself Emperor, taking the traditional title of Xiaodongese monarchs. Toki undertook a policy of Senrianisation designating Senrian as the national language and reforming the feudal lords into a feudal system based on the Senrian daimyous. This resulted in much of the Emperor's court to become ethnically or culturally Senrian, although the vast majority of the populace and elite remained Xiaodongese.
The Toki oversaw stability during the 1700's but by the 1800's faced political and economic instability as Xiaodongese nationalism became a potent force. A botched attempt at modernisation known as the Toki Reform Movement and a devastating famine in 1855-6 widely blamed on the Toki leadership resulted in a group of nationalist nobles to declare the Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire in the Baiqiao Revolution, with the Toki forces being defeated in 1858.
History
Relations with Senria
Government
The government of the Toki dynasty was nicknamed as the bakuhu ("tent government"), reflecting the fact that the government originated from the command tent of the Sougun during the Toki conquest of Xiaodong. The government created by the Toki was split into two divisions - bureaucratic institutions inherited from the Jiao dynasty and new institutions created by the Toki. The former Jiao institutions were mainly staffed by ethnic Xiaodongese the new Toki ones ethnic Senrians. These institutions were divided between the twin capitals of Baiqiao and Rongzhuo, with the former Jiao capital of Baiqiao being the "winter capital" containing the functions of the former Jiao dynasty and Rongzhuo, the summer capital, containing the institutions set up by the Toki. Over time, Emperors were based solely in Rongzhuo thus depriving the Baiqiao-based Xiaodongese bodies of a purpose. By the 1700's power was firmly centred in the hands of the Toki government in Rongzhuo.
Ethnic policy
List of monarchs
| # | Picture | Name | Emperor From | Emperor Until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Toki Sinzou | 1664 | 1684 |
| 2 |  |
Toki Banrei | 1684 | 1723 |
| 3 |  |
Toki Hatoyama | 1723 | 1757 |
| 4 |  |
Toki Yousuke | 1757 | 1774 |
| 5 |  |
Toki Kobayasi | 1774 | 1812 |
| 6 |  |
Toki Seizi | 1812 | 1833 |
| 7 |  |
Toki Hayato | 1833 | 1858 |
Culture
Legacy
In Xiaodong
Since the Baiqiao Revolution the Toki Sougunate has been regarded as "the most shameful period in Xiaodongese history". The rise of Xiaodongese nationalism in the mid-1800's and its development as an ideology is explicitly linked to the suppression of Xiaodongese culture by Toki rulers. Furthermore, the rule by ethnic Senrians has often been attributed as the main reason for anti-Senrian sentiment in Xiaodong.
In Senria
The cool relations between the Toki Sougunate and Empire of Senria have largely translated into a negative perception of the Toki Sougunate within modern-day Senria. Much of this hinges around the image of the Toki family itself; because Toki Sinzou had betrayed the family's vows to its daimyou lords and fought in support of the Xiaodongese during the Soukou War, they were widely viewed in Senria as dishonorable traitors and schemers. The vilification of the Toki family for these earlier actions made Senrian emperors hesitant to build ties with the Toki sougunate, and was part of why the Senrian Empire took no action to support the sougunate during the Baiqiao Revolution.