Thingspeaker of Azmara: Difference between revisions
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| insigniacaption = Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Azmara | | insigniacaption = Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Azmara | ||
| image = | | image = Daniel_Günther_(2017).jpg | ||
| imagesize = 200px | | imagesize = 200px | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| incumbent = [[ | | incumbent = [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun]] | ||
| acting = | | acting = | ||
| incumbentsince = | | incumbentsince = 5 July 2023 | ||
| type = | | type = | ||
| status = {{wpl|Head of government}} | | status = {{wpl|Head of government}} | ||
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The Thingspeaker serves as the head of the [[Government of Azmara]], being responsible for chairing meetings of the body, resolving disputes involving multiple members of the Government and directing the official policy of the Government. While the appointment of the members of the Government is left largely to the Thingspeaker's official wishes, to serve in the office themselves they are required to possess a majority of support within the Folksmot. Due to the fact that no party has won an overall majority in the Folksmot since the implementation of {{wpl|proportional representation}} in 1933, deals between multiple parties are normally required to take office and as a result every Government since 1933 has had multiple parties represented. | The Thingspeaker serves as the head of the [[Government of Azmara]], being responsible for chairing meetings of the body, resolving disputes involving multiple members of the Government and directing the official policy of the Government. While the appointment of the members of the Government is left largely to the Thingspeaker's official wishes, to serve in the office themselves they are required to possess a majority of support within the Folksmot. Due to the fact that no party has won an overall majority in the Folksmot since the implementation of {{wpl|proportional representation}} in 1933, deals between multiple parties are normally required to take office and as a result every Government since 1933 has had multiple parties represented. | ||
The current Thingspeaker is [[ | The current Thingspeaker is [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun]] of [[Gold Flame]], who has served since 5 July 2023 as the head of a coalition with the [[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party]], [[The Radicals (Azmara)|The Radicals]] and the [[Green Party (Azmara)|Green Party]]. | ||
==History== | |||
The use of "Thingspeaker" to describe a senior political position dates back to the creation of the [[Azmaran Confederation]] in 1623, where the Thingspeaker was the second most important government office after the Chancellor, being appointed by the Chancellor to mediate between the two houses of the Alþing and to carry out the Chancellor's political will. While clearly subordinate to the Chancellor, the position showed elements of parliamentarianism, with the appointment of a new Thingspeaker having to be confirmed by both houses of the Alþing. | |||
While during the brief Republic of Westmarck the position would be abolished in favour of executive power being held collectively by a Directory, a new Thingspeaker position with similar responsibilities existed in the succeeding Kingdom of Azmara. The political setup of the Kingdom gave significant power to the King, who appointed his own Government and had the right to veto and propose laws and dissolve the Alþing at their wish, yet the new Thingspeaker position would serve to try and mediate between him, his Government and the Alþing. | |||
The position would be abolished during the 1855 Revolution as a democratic republic was created in place of the monarchy, as executive power would be held in the hands of a directly-elected President. The Alþing would be retained as an institution, however, yet it was thought that due to the President being elected by the same electorate as the Alþing that it would not need the same mediation. | |||
However, due to an increasingly ideologically fractured Alþing in the early 20th century leading to increasing gridlock between the President and the Alþing, the idea of an executive elected by the Alþing carried increasing appeal amongst the electorate and as such the modern position of Thingspeaker would be introduced in the Basic Law of 1915, to be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Folksmot, its directly elected lower house and to lead the Government in the place of the President. | |||
The position would first be held by the former President of Azmara, Leif Aansgaarsun, of [[Gold Flame]], who would switch office to continue serving as the main executive power of the government. He would be one of three individuals to serve as Thingspeaker under the 1915 Basic Law and would serve between 1915 and 1921, being succeeded by Freidrik Aarnessun of the Azmaran Section of the Workers' International, who would serve between 1921 and 1923, and Þurisas Siimunssun of the National Coalition, who would serve from 1923 to 1932. | |||
After the fall of the National Coalition during the Realignment, the office would be retained in the 1933 Basic Law but both it and the office of President would be reformed to prevent them being used for {{wpl|authoritarianism|authoritarian}} rule, with the President being reduced to a figurehead office and the Thingspeaker being officially designated as a ''primus inter pares'' leader of the Government. | |||
Since the enactment of the 1933 Basic Law, the position has been held most often by members of the Workers' Party, with 11 out of 19 Thingspeakers being members of the party and holding it interrupted between 1933 and 1954, yet since then the position has become more competitive, with three Thingspeakers each coming from Gold Flame and the Centre Party and two from the Radicals since 1954. | |||
==Function and appointment== | |||
==List== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; style="width=95%" | |||
|- | |||
! width=2% rowspan=2 scope="col"| {{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! width=5% rowspan=2 scope="col"| Portrait | |||
! width=14% rowspan=2 scope="col"| Name<br/><small>(Birth–Death)</small> | |||
! width=34% colspan=3| Term of office | |||
! width=10% rowspan=2 colspan=2 scope="col"| Party | |||
! width=14% rowspan=2 scope="col"| Elections | |||
! width=10% rowspan=2 scope="col"| [[Government of Estmere|Government]] | |||
! width=4% rowspan=2 scope="col"| [[President of Estmere|President]]<br/><small>(Tenure)</small> | |||
|- | |||
! width=10% scope="col"| Took office | |||
! width=10% scope="col"| Left office | |||
! width=16% scope="col"| Time in office | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=11 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>'''Thingspeaker of the Commonwealth of Azmara'''</center> | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=5 style="background:red; color:white;" |4 | |||
| rowspan=5 | [[File:Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg|90px]] | |||
! rowspan=5 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Hjalmer Alekssun|'''Hjalmer Alekssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1883-1965)}} | |||
| rowspan=5 | 25 January<br/> 1933 | |||
| rowspan=5 | 3 September<br/> 1947 | |||
| rowspan=5 | {{Age in years, months and days|1933|01|25|1947|09|03}} | |||
| rowspan=5 style="background:red;" | | |||
| rowspan=5 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1933 Azmaran legislative election|1933]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun II]] | |||
| ''Vacant'' | |||
|- | |||
| [[1936 Azmaran legislative election|1936]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun III]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Frei Mikelssun]]'''<br/>[[File:ArthurHGreenwood.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1934-1940)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[1939 Azmaran legislative election|1939]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun IV]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[1942 Azmaran legislative election|1942]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun V]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Aleksander Siimunsun]]'''<br/>[[File:Paul_Ramadier_en_1948.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1940-1952)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[1945 Azmaran legislative election|1945]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun VI]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |5 | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Einar_Gerhardsen_1945.jpeg|90px]] | |||
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Mâþijas Aansgaarsun|'''Mâþijas Aansgaarsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1900-1991)}} | |||
| rowspan=2 | 3 September<br/> 1947 | |||
| rowspan=2 | 11 November<br/> 1954 | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{Age in years, months and days|1947|09|03|1954|11|11}} | |||
| rowspan=2 style="background:red;" | | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1948 Azmaran legislative election|1948]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|M. Aansgaarssun I]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[1951 Azmaran legislative election|1951]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|M. Aansgaarssun II]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |6 | |||
| [[File:Julius-Raab-1961.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Freidrikssun|'''Helmut Freidrikssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1902-1980)}} | |||
| 11 November<br/> 1954 | |||
| 12 October 1957 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1954|11|11|1957|10|12}} | |||
| style="background:#44BB22;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1954 Azmaran legislative election|1954]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Freidrikssun I]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Henrik W. Þurleifssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P001516,_Jakob_Kaiser.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1952-1964)}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |(5) | |||
| [[File:Einar_Gerhardsen_1945.jpeg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Mâþijas Aansgaarsun|'''Mâþijas Aansgaarsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1900-1991)}} | |||
| 12 October 1957 | |||
|1 November 1960 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1957|10|12|1960|11|01}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1957 Azmaran legislative election|1957]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|M. Aansgaarssun III]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |(6) | |||
| [[File:Julius-Raab-1961.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Freidrikssun|'''Helmut Freidrikssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1902-1980)}} | |||
|1 November 1960 | |||
|3 October 1963 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1960|11|01|1963|10|03}} | |||
| style="background:#44BB22;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1960 Azmaran legislative election|1960]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Freidrikssun II]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |7 | |||
| [[File:Jens_Otto_Krag_01.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Frei Jorśsun|'''Frei Jorśsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1914-1979)}} | |||
|3 October 1963 | |||
|31 October 1966 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1963|10|03|1966|10|31}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1963 Azmaran legislative election|1963]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|F. Jorśsun I]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |8 | |||
| [[File:Per_Borten_i_Folldal_i_1987.png|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Eryk Aansgaarssun|'''Eryk Aansgaarssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1916-2000)}} | |||
|31 October 1966 | |||
|12 October 1969 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|10|31|1969|10|12}} | |||
| style="background:#44BB22;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1966 Azmaran legislative election|1966]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Aansgaarssun]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Loki Aarnessun]]'''<br/>[[File:Piet_de_Jong_1970.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1964-1970)}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |(7) | |||
| [[File:Jens_Otto_Krag_01.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Frei Jorśsun|'''Frei Jorśsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1914-1979)}} | |||
|12 October 1969 | |||
|12 January 1973 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1969|10|12|1973|01|12}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1969 Azmaran legislative election|1969]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|F. Jorśsun II]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#CC00CC; color:white;" |9 | |||
| [[File:Verteidigungsminister_Dr._Hans_Apel_(4909219537).jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Aleksaander Mâþijassun|'''Aleksaander Mâþijassun''']]<br/>{{small|(1916-2009)}} | |||
|12 January 1973 | |||
|20 October 1975 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1973|01|12|1975|10|20}} | |||
| style="background:#CC00CC;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[The Radicals (Azmara)|The Radicals]]}} | |||
| [[1972 Azmaran legislative election|1972]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|A. Mâþijassun]] | |||
! align="center" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Leif Alekssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Schmelzer,_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1970-1973)}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |10 | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Ola_Ullsten.JPG|90px]] | |||
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Stefan Mâþissun|'''Stefan Mâþissun''']]<br/>{{small|(1923-1999)}} | |||
| rowspan=2 | 20 October 1975 | |||
| rowspan=2 | 15 October 1981 | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{Age in years, months and days|1975|10|20|1981|10|15}} | |||
| rowspan=2 style="background:red;" | | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1975 Azmaran legislative election|1975]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|S. Mâþissun I]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Aleksander Wiljâmssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Kalevi-Sorsa-1975_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1973-1985)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[1978 Azmaran legislative election|1978]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|S. Mâþissun II]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |11 | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Ed_van_Thijn_portrait.jpg|90px]] | |||
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Aarne Leifssun|'''Aarne Leifssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1931-2018)}} | |||
| rowspan=2 | 15 October 1981 | |||
| rowspan=2 | 13 October 1987 | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{Age in years, months and days|1981|10|15|1987|10|13}} | |||
| rowspan=2 style="background:#00BBFF;" | | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}} | |||
| [[1981 Azmaran legislative election|1981]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|A. Leifssun I]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[1984 Azmaran legislative election|1984]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|A. Leifssun II]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |12 | |||
| [[File:Proinsias_De_Rossa,_cropped.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Herman Jonssun|'''Herman Jonssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1940-)}} | |||
| 13 October 1987 | |||
| 4 October 1990 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1987|10|13|1990|10|04}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1987 Azmaran legislative election|1987]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Jonssun]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Jana Eryksdohter]]'''<br/>[[File:Mary_Robinson_World_Economic_Forum_2013_crop.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1985-1997)}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |(11) | |||
| [[File:Ed_van_Thijn_portrait.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Aarne Leifssun|'''Aarne Leifssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1931-2018)}} | |||
| 4 October 1990 | |||
| 1 September 1993 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|1990|10|04|1993|09|01}} | |||
| style="background:#00BBFF;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}} | |||
| [[1990 Azmaran legislative election|1990]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|A. Leifssun III]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |(12) | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Proinsias_De_Rossa,_cropped.jpg|90px]] | |||
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Herman Jonssun|'''Herman Jonssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1940-)}} | |||
| rowspan=2 | 1 September 1993 | |||
| rowspan=2 | 12 January 1999 | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{Age in years, months and days|1993|09|01|1999|01|12}} | |||
| rowspan=2 style="background:red;" | | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1993 Azmaran legislative election|1993]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Jonssun II]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[1996 Azmaran legislative election|1996]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Jonssun III]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |13 | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Roger_van_Boxtel_2010.jpg|90px]] | |||
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Jorś Mâþijassun|'''Jorś Mâþijassun''']]<br/>{{small|(1947-)}} | |||
| rowspan=2 | 12 January 1999 | |||
| rowspan=2 | 3 May 2003 | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{Age in years, months and days|1999|01|12|2003|05|03}} | |||
| rowspan=2 style="background:red;" | | |||
| rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[1999 Azmaran legislative election|1999]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|J. Mâþijassun I]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Rygin Leifssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Tony_Benn2.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1997-2003)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[2002 Azmaran legislative election|2002]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|J. Mâþijassun II]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |14 | |||
| [[File:Verburg_Dutch_politician_kabinet_Balkenende_IV.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Eleina Helmutsdohter|'''Eleina Helmutsdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1958-)}} | |||
| 3 May 2003 | |||
| 29 September 2005 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2003|05|03|2005|09|29}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| — | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Helmutsdohter]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Liis Helmutsdohter]]'''<br/>[[File:Renate_Künast_2.JPG|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2003-2009)}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#CC00CC; color:white;" |15 | |||
| [[File:Joop_Wijn_Minister_EZ.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Þurisassun|'''Helmut Þurisassun''']]<br/>{{small|(1961-2007)}} | |||
| 29 September 2005 | |||
| 19 December 2007 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2005|09|29|2007|12|19}} | |||
| style="background:#CC00CC;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[The Radicals (Azmara)|The Radicals –<br>Azmaran Democrats]]}} | |||
| [[2005 Azmaran legislative election|2005]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Þurisassun]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |16 | |||
| [[File:Karel-de-gucht.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Stefan Aansgaarssun|'''Stefan Aansgaarssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1949-)}} | |||
| 19 December 2007 | |||
| 1 August 2008 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2007|12|19|2008|08|01}} | |||
| style="background:#44BB22;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| — | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|S. Aansgaarssun]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |17 | |||
| [[File:Tallinn Digital Summit. Handshake Theresa May and Jüri Ratas (37357846742) (cropped).jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Niina Hermansdohter|'''Niina Hermansdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1957-)}} | |||
| 1 August 2008 | |||
| 7 June 2011 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2008|08|01|2011|06|07}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[2008 Azmaran legislative election|2008]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|N. Hermansdohter]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |18 | |||
| [[File:Foreign_Secretary_briefing_on_recent_visit_to_Pakistan_(4743128802).jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Jon Jorśsun|'''Jon Jorśsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1961-)}} | |||
| 7 June 2011 | |||
| 2 February 2014 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2011|06|07|2014|02|02}} | |||
| style="background:#00BBFF;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}} | |||
| [[2011 Azmaran legislative election|2011]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|J. Jorśsun]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Lorens Aansgaarssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Ivo_Opstelten_2011.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2009-2015)}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |19 | |||
| [[File:Marie-Christine Marghem.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Sofija Freidriksdohter|'''Sofija Freidriksdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1971-)}} | |||
| 2 February 2014 | |||
| 19 May 2017 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|02|02|2017|05|19}} | |||
| style="background:#00BBFF;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}} | |||
| [[2014 Azmaran legislative election|2014]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|S. Freidriksdohter]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |20 | |||
| [[File:Charles Kennedy.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Eryk Jorśsun|'''Eryk Jorśsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1959-)}} | |||
| 19 May 2017 | |||
| 13 July 2020 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2017|05|19|2020|07|13}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[2017 Azmaran legislative election|2017]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Jorśsun]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Maarija Ryginsdohter]]'''<br/>[[File:Isabella_Lövin_signing_climate_law_referral_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2015-2021)}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:red; color:white;" |21 | |||
| [[File:Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2.jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Sofija Anasdohter|'''Sofija Anasdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1981-)}} | |||
| 13 July 2020 | |||
| 5 July 2023 | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2020|07|13|2023|07|05}} | |||
| style="background:red;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}} | |||
| [[2020 Azmaran legislative election|2020]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Jorśsun]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |22 | |||
| [[File:Daniel_Günther_(2017).jpg|90px]] | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun|'''Freidrik Aleksaanderssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1969-)}} | |||
| 5 July 2023 | |||
| ''Incumbent'' | |||
| {{Age in years, months and days|2023|07|05}} | |||
| style="background:#00BBFF;" | | |||
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}} | |||
| [[2023 Azmaran legislative election|2023]] | |||
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|F. Aleksaanderssun]] | |||
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Harald Alekssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Georges_Gilkinet_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2021-)}} | |||
|} | |||
===Timeline=== | |||
<timeline> | |||
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:15 | |||
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:130 left:20 | |||
AlignBars = late | |||
Colors = | |||
id:ap value:rgb(1,0,0) legend:Workers'_Party_(Ap) | |||
id:gf value:rgb(0,0.73,1) legend:Gold_Flame_(GF) | |||
id:sf value:rgb(1,0.6,0) legend:Sotirian_Democrats_(SF) | |||
id:r value:rgb(0.73,0,0.73) legend:Radicals_(R) | |||
id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) | |||
id:gray2 value:gray(0.9) | |||
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy | |||
Period = from:01/01/1933 till:05/07/2023 | |||
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal | |||
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1933 | |||
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1933 | |||
Legend = columns:1 left:205 top:35 columnwidth:75 | |||
TextData = | |||
pos:(25,30) textcolor:black fontsize:M | |||
text:"Political parties:" | |||
BarData = | |||
bar:H._Alekssun | |||
bar:M._Aansgaarsun | |||
bar:H._Frederikssun | |||
bar:F._Jorśsun | |||
bar:E._Aansgaarsun | |||
bar:A._Mâþijassun | |||
bar:S._Mâþissun | |||
bar:A._Leifssun | |||
bar:H._Jonssun | |||
bar:J._Mâþijassun | |||
bar:E._Helmutsdohter | |||
bar:H._Þurisassun | |||
bar:S._Aansgaarsun | |||
bar:N._Hermansdohter | |||
bar:J._Jorśsun | |||
bar:S._Freidriksdohter | |||
bar:E._Jorśsun | |||
bar:S._Anasdohter | |||
bar:F._Aleksaanderssun | |||
PlotData= | |||
width:8 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till | |||
bar:H._Alekssun | |||
from: 25/01/1933 till: 03/09/1947 color:ap text:"H. Alekssun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:M._Aansgaarsun | |||
from: 03/09/1947 till: 11/11/1954 color:ap | |||
from: 12/10/1957 till: 01/11/1960 color:ap text:"M. Aansgaarsun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:H._Frederikssun | |||
from: 11/11/1954 till: 12/10/1957 color:sf | |||
from: 01/11/1960 till: 03/10/1963 color:sf text:"H. Frederikssun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:F._Jorśsun | |||
from: 03/10/1963 till: 31/10/1966 color:ap | |||
from: 12/10/1969 till: 12/10/1973 color:ap text:"F. Jorśsun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:E._Aansgaarsun | |||
from: 31/10/1966 till: 12/10/1969 color:gf text:"E. Aansgaarssun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:A._Mâþijassun | |||
from: 12/01/1973 till: 20/10/1975 color:r text:"A. Mâþijassun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:S._Mâþissun | |||
from: 20/10/1975 till: 15/10/1981 color:ap text:"S. Mâþissun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:A._Leifssun | |||
from: 15/10/1981 till: 13/10/1987 color:gf | |||
from: 04/10/1990 till: 01/09/1993 color:gf text:"A. Leifssun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:H._Jonssun | |||
from: 13/10/1987 till: 04/10/1990 color:ap | |||
from: 01/09/1993 till: 12/01/1999 color:ap text:"H. Jonssun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:J._Mâþijassun | |||
from: 12/01/1999 till: 03/05/2003 color:ap text:"J. Mâþijassun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:E._Helmutsdohter | |||
from: 03/05/2003 till: 29/09/2005 color:ap text:"E. Helmutsdohter" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:H._Þurisassun | |||
from: 29/09/2005 till: 19/12/2007 color:r text:"[[Helmut Þurisassun|H. Þurisassun]]" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:S._Aansgaarsun | |||
from: 19/12/2007 till: 01/08/2008 color:sf text:"S._Aansgaarssun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:N._Hermansdohter | |||
from: 01/08/2008 till: 07/06/2011 color:ap text:"[[Niina Hermansdohter|N. Hermansdohter]]" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:J._Jorśsun | |||
from: 07/06/2011 till: 02/02/2014 color:gf text:"J. Jorśsun" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:S._Freidriksdohter | |||
from: 02/02/2014 till: 19/05/2017 color:gf text:"S. Freidriksdohter" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:E._Jorśsun | |||
from: 19/05/2017 till: 13/07/2020 color:ap text:"[[Eryk Jorśsun|E. Jorśsun]]" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:S._Anasdohter | |||
from: 13/07/2020 till: 05/07/2023 color:ap text:"[[Sofija Anasdohter|S. Anasdohter]]" fontsize:10 | |||
bar:F._Aleksaanderssun | |||
from: 05/07/2023 till: 05/07/2023 color:gf text:"[[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun|F. Aleksaanderssun]]" fontsize:10 | |||
</timeline> | |||
[[Category:Azmara]] | [[Category:Azmara]] |
Latest revision as of 22:35, 2 March 2024
Thingspeaker of Azmara | |
---|---|
Þingspreker âb Azmaara | |
Style | The Honourable (diplomatic, outside Azmara) |
Status | Head of government |
Member of | Government Euclean Conference |
Residence | Nysted Place |
Seat | Stefansberg, Aalmsted, Azmara |
Nominator | Folksmot |
Appointer | President of Azmara |
Term length | While commanding the confidence of the Folksmot. |
Formation | 28 October 1915 |
First holder | Leif Aansgaarsun |
Deputy | Deputy Thingspeaker |
Salary | €150,000/year |
Website | www |
The Thingspeaker of Azmara (Azmaran: Þingspreker âb Azmaara) is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Azmara.
The office was created upon the passage of the Basic Law of 1915 which served to transition Azmara away from a presidential system towards parliamentarianism as many of the executive powers given to the President under the Basic Law of 1855 were transferred to the position, with the inaugural officeholder being Leif Aansgaarsun of Gold Flame.
The Thingspeaker serves as the head of the Government of Azmara, being responsible for chairing meetings of the body, resolving disputes involving multiple members of the Government and directing the official policy of the Government. While the appointment of the members of the Government is left largely to the Thingspeaker's official wishes, to serve in the office themselves they are required to possess a majority of support within the Folksmot. Due to the fact that no party has won an overall majority in the Folksmot since the implementation of proportional representation in 1933, deals between multiple parties are normally required to take office and as a result every Government since 1933 has had multiple parties represented.
The current Thingspeaker is Freidrik Aleksaanderssun of Gold Flame, who has served since 5 July 2023 as the head of a coalition with the Centre Party, The Radicals and the Green Party.
History
The use of "Thingspeaker" to describe a senior political position dates back to the creation of the Azmaran Confederation in 1623, where the Thingspeaker was the second most important government office after the Chancellor, being appointed by the Chancellor to mediate between the two houses of the Alþing and to carry out the Chancellor's political will. While clearly subordinate to the Chancellor, the position showed elements of parliamentarianism, with the appointment of a new Thingspeaker having to be confirmed by both houses of the Alþing.
While during the brief Republic of Westmarck the position would be abolished in favour of executive power being held collectively by a Directory, a new Thingspeaker position with similar responsibilities existed in the succeeding Kingdom of Azmara. The political setup of the Kingdom gave significant power to the King, who appointed his own Government and had the right to veto and propose laws and dissolve the Alþing at their wish, yet the new Thingspeaker position would serve to try and mediate between him, his Government and the Alþing.
The position would be abolished during the 1855 Revolution as a democratic republic was created in place of the monarchy, as executive power would be held in the hands of a directly-elected President. The Alþing would be retained as an institution, however, yet it was thought that due to the President being elected by the same electorate as the Alþing that it would not need the same mediation.
However, due to an increasingly ideologically fractured Alþing in the early 20th century leading to increasing gridlock between the President and the Alþing, the idea of an executive elected by the Alþing carried increasing appeal amongst the electorate and as such the modern position of Thingspeaker would be introduced in the Basic Law of 1915, to be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Folksmot, its directly elected lower house and to lead the Government in the place of the President.
The position would first be held by the former President of Azmara, Leif Aansgaarsun, of Gold Flame, who would switch office to continue serving as the main executive power of the government. He would be one of three individuals to serve as Thingspeaker under the 1915 Basic Law and would serve between 1915 and 1921, being succeeded by Freidrik Aarnessun of the Azmaran Section of the Workers' International, who would serve between 1921 and 1923, and Þurisas Siimunssun of the National Coalition, who would serve from 1923 to 1932.
After the fall of the National Coalition during the Realignment, the office would be retained in the 1933 Basic Law but both it and the office of President would be reformed to prevent them being used for authoritarian rule, with the President being reduced to a figurehead office and the Thingspeaker being officially designated as a primus inter pares leader of the Government.
Since the enactment of the 1933 Basic Law, the position has been held most often by members of the Workers' Party, with 11 out of 19 Thingspeakers being members of the party and holding it interrupted between 1933 and 1954, yet since then the position has become more competitive, with three Thingspeakers each coming from Gold Flame and the Centre Party and two from the Radicals since 1954.
Function and appointment
List
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Elections | Government | President (Tenure) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||||
4 | Hjalmer Alekssun (1883-1965) |
25 January 1933 |
3 September 1947 |
14 years, 7 months and 9 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1933 | H. Alekssun II | Vacant | ||
1936 | H. Alekssun III | Frei Mikelssun (1934-1940) | ||||||||
1939 | H. Alekssun IV | |||||||||
1942 | H. Alekssun V | Aleksander Siimunsun (1940-1952) | ||||||||
1945 | H. Alekssun VI | |||||||||
5 | Mâþijas Aansgaarsun (1900-1991) |
3 September 1947 |
11 November 1954 |
7 years, 2 months and 8 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1948 | M. Aansgaarssun I | |||
1951 | M. Aansgaarssun II | |||||||||
6 | Helmut Freidrikssun (1902-1980) |
11 November 1954 |
12 October 1957 | 2 years, 11 months and 1 day | Centre Party of Azmara |
1954 | H. Freidrikssun I | Henrik W. Þurleifssun (1952-1964) | ||
(5) | Mâþijas Aansgaarsun (1900-1991) |
12 October 1957 | 1 November 1960 | 3 years and 20 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1957 | M. Aansgaarssun III | |||
(6) | Helmut Freidrikssun (1902-1980) |
1 November 1960 | 3 October 1963 | 2 years, 11 months and 2 days | Centre Party of Azmara |
1960 | H. Freidrikssun II | |||
7 | Frei Jorśsun (1914-1979) |
3 October 1963 | 31 October 1966 | 3 years and 28 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1963 | F. Jorśsun I | |||
8 | Eryk Aansgaarssun (1916-2000) |
31 October 1966 | 12 October 1969 | 2 years, 11 months and 12 days | Centre Party of Azmara |
1966 | E. Aansgaarssun | Loki Aarnessun (1964-1970) | ||
(7) | Frei Jorśsun (1914-1979) |
12 October 1969 | 12 January 1973 | 3 years and 3 months | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1969 | F. Jorśsun II | |||
9 | Aleksaander Mâþijassun (1916-2009) |
12 January 1973 | 20 October 1975 | 2 years, 9 months and 8 days | The Radicals | 1972 | A. Mâþijassun | Leif Alekssun (1970-1973) | ||
10 | Stefan Mâþissun (1923-1999) |
20 October 1975 | 15 October 1981 | 5 years, 11 months and 25 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1975 | S. Mâþissun I | Aleksander Wiljâmssun (1973-1985) | ||
1978 | S. Mâþissun II | |||||||||
11 | Aarne Leifssun (1931-2018) |
15 October 1981 | 13 October 1987 | 5 years, 11 months and 28 days | Gold Flame – Azmaran Liberal Party |
1981 | A. Leifssun I | |||
1984 | A. Leifssun II | |||||||||
12 | Herman Jonssun (1940-) |
13 October 1987 | 4 October 1990 | 2 years, 11 months and 21 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1987 | H. Jonssun | Jana Eryksdohter (1985-1997) | ||
(11) | Aarne Leifssun (1931-2018) |
4 October 1990 | 1 September 1993 | 2 years, 10 months and 28 days | Gold Flame – Azmaran Liberal Party |
1990 | A. Leifssun III | |||
(12) | Herman Jonssun (1940-) |
1 September 1993 | 12 January 1999 | 5 years, 4 months and 11 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1993 | H. Jonssun II | |||
1996 | H. Jonssun III | |||||||||
13 | Jorś Mâþijassun (1947-) |
12 January 1999 | 3 May 2003 | 4 years, 3 months and 21 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
1999 | J. Mâþijassun I | Rygin Leifssun (1997-2003) | ||
2002 | J. Mâþijassun II | |||||||||
14 | Eleina Helmutsdohter (1958-) |
3 May 2003 | 29 September 2005 | 2 years, 4 months and 26 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
— | E. Helmutsdohter | Liis Helmutsdohter (2003-2009) | ||
15 | Helmut Þurisassun (1961-2007) |
29 September 2005 | 19 December 2007 | 2 years, 2 months and 20 days | The Radicals – Azmaran Democrats |
2005 | H. Þurisassun | |||
16 | Stefan Aansgaarssun (1949-) |
19 December 2007 | 1 August 2008 | 7 months and 13 days | Centre Party of Azmara |
— | S. Aansgaarssun | |||
17 | Niina Hermansdohter (1957-) |
1 August 2008 | 7 June 2011 | 2 years, 10 months and 6 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
2008 | N. Hermansdohter | |||
18 | Jon Jorśsun (1961-) |
7 June 2011 | 2 February 2014 | 2 years, 7 months and 26 days | Gold Flame – Azmaran Liberal Party |
2011 | J. Jorśsun | Lorens Aansgaarssun (2009-2015) | ||
19 | Sofija Freidriksdohter (1971-) |
2 February 2014 | 19 May 2017 | 3 years, 3 months and 17 days | Gold Flame – Azmaran Liberal Party |
2014 | S. Freidriksdohter | |||
20 | Eryk Jorśsun (1959-) |
19 May 2017 | 13 July 2020 | 3 years, 1 month and 24 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
2017 | E. Jorśsun | Maarija Ryginsdohter (2015-2021) | ||
21 | Sofija Anasdohter (1981-) |
13 July 2020 | 5 July 2023 | 2 years, 11 months and 22 days | Workers' Party of Azmara |
2020 | E. Jorśsun | |||
22 | Freidrik Aleksaanderssun (1969-) |
5 July 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 4 months and 17 days | Gold Flame – Azmaran Liberal Party |
2023 | F. Aleksaanderssun | Harald Alekssun (2021-) |