Omeria: Difference between revisions
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|largest_settlement_type = city | |largest_settlement_type = city | ||
|official_languages = {{wpl|Turkish language|Omerian Turkic}} {{wpl|Arabic language|Arabic}} | |official_languages = {{wpl|Turkish language|Omerian Turkic}} {{wpl|Arabic language|Arabic}} | ||
|national_languages = {{wpl|Kurdish language| | |national_languages = {{wpl|Kurdish language|Gurdanian}}<br>{{wpl|Greek language|Danaanic}}<br>{{wpl|Armenian language|Heyeric}} | ||
|religion = | |religion = | ||
|languages_type = | |languages_type = | ||
|languages = | |languages = | ||
|ethnic_groups = 42.5% Omerian Turkic<br>18.7% Arab<br>17.5% | |ethnic_groups = 42.5% Omerian Turkic<br>18.7% Arab<br>17.5% Gurdanian<br>10.1% Danaanic<br>3.7% Heyeric<br>6.5% Other | ||
|ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | |ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ||
|demonym = Omerian | |demonym = Omerian | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
|leader_name1 = [[Şemseddin I Osman]] | |leader_name1 = [[Şemseddin I Osman]] | ||
|leader_title2 = [[Grand Vizier of Omeria|Grand Vizier]] <br><small>''Vezir-i Azam''</small> | |leader_title2 = [[Grand Vizier of Omeria|Grand Vizier]] <br><small>''Vezir-i Azam''</small> | ||
|leader_name2 = [[Alparslan Karan Taviloğlu | |leader_name2 = [[Alparslan Karan Taviloğlu]] | ||
| legislature = [[National Congress of the Sublime Omerian Federation|General Assembly]] <br><small>''Meclis-i Umumi''</small> | | legislature = [[National Congress of the Sublime Omerian Federation|General Assembly]] <br><small>''Meclis-i Umumi''</small> | ||
| upper_house = Assembly of Notables <br><small>''Meclis-i Ayan''</small> | | upper_house = Assembly of Notables <br><small>''Meclis-i Ayan''</small> | ||
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|established_event4 = Constitutional Revolution | |established_event4 = Constitutional Revolution | ||
|established_date4 = 1905 | |established_date4 = 1905 | ||
|established_event5 = Reforms of Arslan | |established_event5 = Reforms of Arslan Enver Ghazi | ||
|established_date5 = 1922-1924, 1924-1935 | |established_date5 = 1922-1924, 1924-1935 | ||
|established_event6 = Establishment of the Sublime Omerian Federation | |established_event6 = Establishment of the Sublime Omerian Federation | ||
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|population_density_sq_mi = | |population_density_sq_mi = | ||
|population_density_rank = | |population_density_rank = | ||
|GDP_PPP = | |GDP_PPP = $1,903,763,333,800 | ||
|GDP_PPP_rank = | |GDP_PPP_rank = | ||
|GDP_PPP_year = | |GDP_PPP_year = | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = | |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $16,997.88 | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | ||
|GDP_nominal = | |GDP_nominal = | ||
| Line 111: | Line 111: | ||
}} | }} | ||
Omeria, officially known as the Sublime Omerian Federation (Omerian Turkic: ''Devlet Aliye-i Ömeriye''), is a transcontinental country encompassing the Lydian Peninsula, with a smaller portion on mainland !Europe. The Sublime Omerian Federation borders the ... Sea to the Northwest, Khefanestan to the Northeast and East, ... to the South, the ... Sea to the Southeast, and ... to the West. Of the groups within the Federation, Turks currently comprise the largest of any group, but comprise only 42.8% of the total population, followed by Arabs at 18.7%, | Omeria, officially known as the Sublime Omerian Federation (Omerian Turkic: ''Devlet Aliye-i Ömeriye''), is a transcontinental country encompassing the Lydian Peninsula, with a smaller portion on mainland !Europe. The Sublime Omerian Federation borders the ... Sea to the Northwest, Khefanestan to the Northeast and East, ... to the South, the ... Sea to the Southeast, and ... to the West. Of the groups within the Federation, Turks currently comprise the largest of any group, but comprise only 42.8% of the total population, followed by Arabs at 18.7%, Gurdanis at 17.5%. and Danaanians at 10.1%. Other groups include Heyerians, Assyrians, Ogerians, Zani, Tbetians, Taitars, and Albanians. | ||
Many of the world's first civilisations have made their mark on modern day Omeria since the founding of agriculture along the ... and ... Rivers. These include the ..., Lidians, the ..., and the Greeks. The region became prominently under the influence of both eastern and western empires until the conquests of Kassander the Great, whose Hellenization of the region in 333 B.C paved the way for continual Greek control of the peninsula until the late 11th century AD, when Turkic groups migrated into the region following the Battle of .... The newly-formed Sultanate of Tiburum existed for several centuries after the Battle of ..., until it was shattered into a dozen feuding beyliks by an ... invasion. In the late 14th century, one of these beyliks, controlled by Ömer I, son of Alaeddin Bey, formed the Omerian Empire by conquering several of its rivals. Under Ömer's descendants such as Bayezid I and Osman II, the empire grew to control considerable parts of the Middle East, Northern Mauria, and the !Balkans, reaching its height in the reign of Bayezid III "the Magnificent" between 1521 and 1565. The Omerian Empire would continue to expand under Ömer III and Suleiman II, but a string of internal and external conflicts beginning with the reign of Ömer IV led to a decline that lasted for almost four hundred years. In this time, the Empire shrank, and many of its former holdings fell to external invasions or internal rebellions. Sultan Abdülsamet I instituted the Abdülsametian Reforms in the 1840s, an attempt to slow the decline and modernise the country, that would continue until the deposition of Abdülhamid and the crowning of the conservative Abdülhadi in 1880. Abdülhadi attempted to reverse many of the reforms made in the decades prior, but he was deposed in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905 which gave the throne to his reform-minded brother Abdülrahim III. For several years, Abdülrahim III collaborated with Grand Viziers such as Osman Celaleddin Pasha and was dedicated to reforming the Empire to become a federal state. Unfortunately many of Abdülrahim III's plans were interrupted by the outbreak of the First Great War, and the Sultan's death, a year before the end of the war in 1919. | Many of the world's first civilisations have made their mark on modern day Omeria since the founding of agriculture along the ... and ... Rivers. These include the ..., Lidians, the ..., and the Greeks. The region became prominently under the influence of both eastern and western empires until the conquests of Kassander the Great, whose Hellenization of the region in 333 B.C paved the way for continual Greek control of the peninsula until the late 11th century AD, when Turkic groups migrated into the region following the Battle of .... The newly-formed Sultanate of Tiburum existed for several centuries after the Battle of ..., until it was shattered into a dozen feuding beyliks by an ... invasion. In the late 14th century, one of these beyliks, controlled by Ömer I, son of Alaeddin Bey, formed the Omerian Empire by conquering several of its rivals. Under Ömer's descendants such as Bayezid I and Osman II, the empire grew to control considerable parts of the Middle East, Northern Mauria, and the !Balkans, reaching its height in the reign of Bayezid III "the Magnificent" between 1521 and 1565. The Omerian Empire would continue to expand under Ömer III and Suleiman II, but a string of internal and external conflicts beginning with the reign of Ömer IV led to a decline that lasted for almost four hundred years. In this time, the Empire shrank, and many of its former holdings fell to external invasions or internal rebellions. Sultan Abdülsamet I instituted the Abdülsametian Reforms in the 1840s, an attempt to slow the decline and modernise the country, that would continue until the deposition of Abdülhamid and the crowning of the conservative Abdülhadi in 1880. Abdülhadi attempted to reverse many of the reforms made in the decades prior, but he was deposed in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905 which gave the throne to his reform-minded brother Abdülrahim III. For several years, Abdülrahim III collaborated with Grand Viziers such as Osman Celaleddin Pasha and was dedicated to reforming the Empire to become a federal state. Unfortunately many of Abdülrahim III's plans were interrupted by the outbreak of the First Great War, and the Sultan's death, a year before the end of the war in 1919. | ||
After Abdülrahim III's death and the narrow defeat of the Omerian Empire, which lost many of its holdings in Arabia and in Khefanestan, the war hero Arslan | After Abdülrahim III's death and the narrow defeat of the Omerian Empire, which lost many of its holdings in Arabia and in Khefanestan, the war hero Arslan Enver Pasha became Grand Vizier and had almost absolute control over the Omerian Empire, dedicated to modernising the state through measures such as spelling and education reforms, judicial reforms, the modernisation of the armed forces, and most controversially, the Turkification of many of the country's minorities. Arslan Enver Pasha would face several revolts throughout the 1930s as many conservatives fought to oppose his regime. Despite not living not long after the end of the Conservative Revolts, Enver Pasha's dream would become a reality as Omeria continued to modernise over the next few decades, though a dramatic pivot to authoritarianism after the Second World War caused many problems. The country would face many trials during the Cold War, such as a series of periods of low-intensity warfare along the border with Khefanestan, revolts in Arab controlled parts of the Empire, and several attempted coups. Yet, despite many attempts to end Omerian democracy, the monarchy was crucial in preventing many of the coups from being successful, and the country would politically liberalise and embrace its many minority groups in the 1990s. Also in this time the Empire's economy would liberalise, leading to large economic growth, until the Millennium Crash in 2000 plunged the country into a recession. The last two decades have been spent rebuilding the country's economy, causing an increased reliance on oil as a source of revenue, and have seen the rise of conservatives such as Alparslan Karan Taviloğlu, who are seeking to restore the country's standing in the region through increased military spending and a hawkish foreign policy. | ||
==Entymology== | ==Entymology== | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Neolithic=== | ===Neolithic and Pre-Tiburnian Rule=== | ||
The Lydian peninsula is one of the oldest settled places in the world, with various ancient Lydian civilisations living in the region from at least the Neolithic until the Danaanistic period. Many of the inhabitants spoke the Lydian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-Hesperian language family. Taking into account the antiquity of the Indo-Hesperian Nessite languages, many scholars have suggested the Lydian peninsula to be a possible origin site for the Indo-Hesperian languages. The earliest recorded inhabitants of Anatolia were the Hatti and Urkeshans, non-Indo-Hesperian peoples who inhabited central and eastern Anatolia, respectively, as early as c. 2300 BC. Indo-European Hittites came to Anatolia and gradually absorbed the Hattians and Hurrians c. 2000–1700 BC. The first major empire in the area was founded by the Nessites under their first leader Nesili, which lasted from the 18th century BC to around the 12th century BC. They quickly spread from their capital of Nesa to be one of the major powers of the Bronze Age. | |||
===Tiburnian Empire | |||
After the collapse of the Nessite Empire in around 1170 BC, the Brygians, an Indo-Hesperian people dominated Lycia until their kingdom was destroyed by the Kimmeri in the 6th century BC. The Kimmeri shared the same fate, being conquered by the Arans in the 6th century BC. In the western part of Lycia, several successor states to the Nessites survived and became influenced by Danaanic settlers and traders. These states included Caria and Lycia, the last of which gave their name to the peninsula. | |||
===Tiburnian Empire and the Migration of the Turks=== | |||
The entirety of the Lydian peninsula was conquered by the Cyrenian Empire during the 6th century BC, later falling to the armies of Kassander the Great in 333 B.C which led to the increasing Danaanization of the area. After Kassander's death in 313 B.C, Lydia was partitioned into a number of small Danaanic kingdoms, which were all incorporated into the Tiburnian Republic by the end of the 1st century B.C. Danaanization accelerated under Tiburnian rule, and many of the ancient local languages, descendants of the Nessite languages, became extinct, replaced with Danaanic culture. In the late 3rd century AD, the Tiburnian Emperor Valentinian the Great decided to found a new Tibur on the peninsula, founding what would become the city of Valentinopolos, modern day Balantiniyye. Until the 7th century AD, the peninsula was a battleground between the Tiburnian and the Shapurian Empire, after which the Qussayads under Caliph Qusay conquered much of the peninsula. | |||
===Omerian Empire=== | ===Omerian Empire=== | ||
===Constitutional Revolution | ===Constitutional Revolution and the First World War=== | ||
===Modernisation and the Conservative Revolts=== | |||
=== | |||
Arslan Enver Pasha subsequently became Grand Vizier in 1922 after the victory of the Omerian People's Party in the elections. Arslan Enver Pasha quickly laid out plans for dozens of reforms aimed to halt the decline of the Omerian Empire, and to elevate it to the same level as many Western nations. These plans soon came under threat by conservatives in the Parliament, who believed that he was too radical by rapidly centralising government offices and planning to implement secularism. After many conservatives left his party in 1924, Arslan Enver Pasha asked Sultan Abdülsamet II to announce elections. Several parties under the leadership of Arab politician Saud Al-Durubi joined together in an anti-OPP coalition, successfully defeating the ... Party. Yet, Saud Al-Durubi's mandate would not last long, as the coalition quickly fell to infighting over the nature of anti-OPP policies such as federalism, and how to modernise the Millet system. Tensions reached a boiling point in late 1925, when Saud Al-Durubi's government collapsed. A new government was created under the leadership of ... Party leader and former Grand Vizier Osman Celaleddin Pasha, but he was unable to pass any policies relating to his goals of decentralisation and liberalisation. | |||
===Modern Era=== | |||
[[File:Atatürk_1927'de_Nutuk'u_okuyor.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Arslan Enver Pasha in parliament presenting his educational reforms]] | |||
In the 1926 elections Arslan Enver Pasha once again became Grand Vizier, this time with the OPP earning a majority. Almost immediately he put his plans to work with reforms such as with the secularisation of schools, the enactment of women's suffrage, judicial and legal reforms and an end to the Millet system centred around religion. Many of these policies were obstructed or delayed by the Omerian Chamber of Deputies as a result of interference by the conservative lobby through the Sultan. A failed attempt on his life in May 1928 gave Arslan Enver Pasha the excuse to marginalise and silence his conservative opposition, commissioning a taskforce dedicated to trying suspects and forming the ... Law which successfully passed through both houses of government, granting the Grand Vizier near unlimited powers and sidelining parliament as long as the crisis continued. Hundreds of men quickly became associated with the plot as Arslan Enver Pasha was accused of megalomania and paranoia, using the attempted assassination as a political ploy to silence the conservative opposition. [[File:MG08_on_the_minaret_of_the_Ayasofya_Museum_1941.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Omerian soldiers manning a machinegun during an air raid on Balantiniyye, 1929]] | |||
In late 1928 two divisions led by General Ismet Talat Pasha decided to march on the capital in the hopes of deposing the Grand Vizier. The attempted coup was quickly foiled but the putschists quickly seized control of several provinces in the south, stating Arslan Enver Pasha's government to be illegitimate and declaring themselves to be the Conservative Government of the Omerian Empire, starting the First Conservative Revolt. Sultan Mehmet Ali I initially sympathised with the Conservatives and sought to endorse their cause but he was dissuaded after Prince Murad Ömer Efendi (later Sultan Murad VIII Ömer) stated that if the Sultan were to side with the Reformists and they were defeated, the monarchy would still survive, yet if the Sultan sided with the Conservatives and they were defeated, the monarchy could be abolished by the Grand Vizier. | |||
Though the defeat of the First Conservative Revolt in 1931 was a great victory for the Omerian government and allowed the implementation of a flurry of reforms without any opposition, the war had taken its toll. Arslan Enver Pasha's health had suffered immensely from the stress of the war effort, and much of the country remained divided. Additionally, many of his closest advisors had lost their influence to more liberal members of the party who sidelined Arslan and pressured him to modify or adopt reforms that would benefit minority groups. In 1934 the Second Conservative Revolt would occur in the regions of ... and ... . These revolts took on a more separatist flavour as remaining conservative groups allied with Gurdani and Heyerian seperatists. In 1933 the Surname Law was passed, bringing an end to titles such as 'Pasha', with Arslan Enver adopting the surname "..." In 1936, the defeat of the İskeçe Revolt would mark the end of the Conservative Revolts, with Arslan Enver ... passing away in the years afterwards from a heart attack. Reforms would continue under the leadership of Ismail İkiköprü. | |||
===Cold War and Modern Era=== | |||
The growing authoritarianism creeping across !Europe in the wake of the Second World War left its mark on Balantiniyye. Many of the supposed benefits that would come from the post-1944 pivot towards Eisenreich's authoritarianism quickly disappeared, leaving the government of Ismail İkiköprü with disloyal populations, open hostility in many provinces, and a shaky grasp on power. To make matters worse, the popular and pro-democratic Sultan Murad VII, who had come to the throne in 1942, had suffered a stroke, leaving many of his responsibilities to the brash and hedonistic Prince Murad Ömer Efendi. Grand Vizier Ismail İkiköprü responded by consolidating his allies within the military and appealing to pro-Turkic groups that would otherwise pose a threat. In a quick succession of proposals, initiatives, laws, and decrees made by Grand Vizier Ismail İkiköprü the Empire managed to mostly retain its political structure. One of the initiatives was the creation of a Grand Council of Enverism within the Chamber of Deputies that oversaw the rejection of any laws that go against the principles of Enverism. The military was empowered, with many of its loyal and popular members gaining seats in Parliament and on occasion in the Grand Vizier's cabinet. Minority rights were heavily curtailed with restricted rights for all non-military personnel in non-Turkic minority provinces. A classical liberal and rival of İkiköprü, Ömer Şamdereli was so opposed to the increasingly authoritarian overtures made by the Grand Vizier that he publicly resigned from his post as a member of Parliament in 1947 alongside a small number of allies. This threat to his rule was dealt with carefully as İkiköprü allowed Ömer Şamdereli to found the ... Party as long as he remained in Parliament as leader of a loyal opposition. Having won his concessions, Şamdereli and his new party accepted, and for the next five years continued to engage in a parliamentary stand-off with İkiköprü's party. | |||
Ömer Şamdereli would come to gain control over the Omerian government with the help of Osman IV Hayreddin, a liberal monarch who disliked Murad VII's hedonism. A coup in 1960 would be defeated, with many of the plotters, including later Grand Vizier Ramazan Baştürk, jailed for a period of time and temporarily exiled from politics. After an election upset in 1967 in which the ... government of Shakib Talay was unable to form a government, with Sultan Osman IV Hayreddin appointing the Danaanian Jüstinyen Kazantoğlu as Grand Vizier, only the second time the ... Party lost government since 1924. Yet, outside threats as well as internal ones would threaten this period of liberalisation. | |||
[[File:OmerianCoup1977.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Omerian Soldiers lining a street during the 17/7/77 Coup]] | |||
By the mid 1970s the country was entering a dark period of low-intensity warfare not just with Khefanestan, but among paramilitary groups within the country. Communists and fascists routinely battled each other in the streets, leading to the loss of hundreds of lives. Popular opinion was also turning against the government of Hashim Al-Shishakli after the pyrrhic victory of the Four Months War and the almost-disastrous handling of the Tibelian Crisis. Tensions came to a head in 1975 with the shock election victory of Ramazan Baştürk, an avowed fascist and populist. Baştürk would face increasing difficulties to dismantle Omerian democracy and attempted to seize full control on the 17th of August 1977, only to be stopped when Sultan Mehmet Ali II made a public announcement over the radio denouncing the coup. Soldiers across decided not to join the coup, either not participating or outright clashing against the putschists. After two days of heavy fighting in many of Omeria's cities, Ramazan Baştürk was arrested, and the government of Hashim Al-Shishakli once again returned to power. | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:35, 30 October 2021
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Sublime Omerian Federation Devlet Aliye-i Ömeriye (Omerian Turkic) | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of Arms
| |
| Motto: "Devlet-i Ebed-müddet" "The Eternal State" | |
| Anthem: Abdülsametiye Marşı ("March of Abdülsamet")  | |
 Location of the Sublime Omerian Federation | |
| Map of the Sublime Omerian Federation showing regions Map of the Sublime Omerian Federation showing regions | |
| Capital | Balantiniyye |
| Largest city | Balantiniyye |
| Official languages | Omerian Turkic Arabic |
| Recognised national languages | Gurdanian Danaanic Heyeric |
| Ethnic groups (2019) | 42.5% Omerian Turkic 18.7% Arab 17.5% Gurdanian 10.1% Danaanic 3.7% Heyeric 6.5% Other |
| Demonym(s) | Omerian |
| Government | Federal constitutional monarchy |
• Sultan Ömerlı Padişahları | Şemseddin I Osman |
• Grand Vizier Vezir-i Azam | Alparslan Karan Taviloğlu |
| Legislature | General Assembly Meclis-i Umumi |
| Assembly of Notables Meclis-i Ayan | |
| Chamber of Deputies Meclis-i Mebusan | |
| Establishment | |
• Foundation of the Omerian Empire | 1300 |
• Height of the Omerian Empire | 1521-1565 (Reign of Bayezid the Magnificent) |
• Abdülsametian Reforms | 1838-1880 |
• Constitutional Revolution | 1905 |
• Reforms of Arslan Enver Ghazi | 1922-1924, 1924-1935 |
• Establishment of the Sublime Omerian Federation | 1940 |
| Population | |
• 2019 census | 112,663,312 |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | $1,903,763,333,800 |
• Per capita | $16,997.88 |
| Currency | Omerian Lira (OML) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (AD) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +86 |
| ISO 3166 code | OMF |
| Internet TLD | .ome |
Omeria, officially known as the Sublime Omerian Federation (Omerian Turkic: Devlet Aliye-i Ömeriye), is a transcontinental country encompassing the Lydian Peninsula, with a smaller portion on mainland !Europe. The Sublime Omerian Federation borders the ... Sea to the Northwest, Khefanestan to the Northeast and East, ... to the South, the ... Sea to the Southeast, and ... to the West. Of the groups within the Federation, Turks currently comprise the largest of any group, but comprise only 42.8% of the total population, followed by Arabs at 18.7%, Gurdanis at 17.5%. and Danaanians at 10.1%. Other groups include Heyerians, Assyrians, Ogerians, Zani, Tbetians, Taitars, and Albanians.
Many of the world's first civilisations have made their mark on modern day Omeria since the founding of agriculture along the ... and ... Rivers. These include the ..., Lidians, the ..., and the Greeks. The region became prominently under the influence of both eastern and western empires until the conquests of Kassander the Great, whose Hellenization of the region in 333 B.C paved the way for continual Greek control of the peninsula until the late 11th century AD, when Turkic groups migrated into the region following the Battle of .... The newly-formed Sultanate of Tiburum existed for several centuries after the Battle of ..., until it was shattered into a dozen feuding beyliks by an ... invasion. In the late 14th century, one of these beyliks, controlled by Ömer I, son of Alaeddin Bey, formed the Omerian Empire by conquering several of its rivals. Under Ömer's descendants such as Bayezid I and Osman II, the empire grew to control considerable parts of the Middle East, Northern Mauria, and the !Balkans, reaching its height in the reign of Bayezid III "the Magnificent" between 1521 and 1565. The Omerian Empire would continue to expand under Ömer III and Suleiman II, but a string of internal and external conflicts beginning with the reign of Ömer IV led to a decline that lasted for almost four hundred years. In this time, the Empire shrank, and many of its former holdings fell to external invasions or internal rebellions. Sultan Abdülsamet I instituted the Abdülsametian Reforms in the 1840s, an attempt to slow the decline and modernise the country, that would continue until the deposition of Abdülhamid and the crowning of the conservative Abdülhadi in 1880. Abdülhadi attempted to reverse many of the reforms made in the decades prior, but he was deposed in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905 which gave the throne to his reform-minded brother Abdülrahim III. For several years, Abdülrahim III collaborated with Grand Viziers such as Osman Celaleddin Pasha and was dedicated to reforming the Empire to become a federal state. Unfortunately many of Abdülrahim III's plans were interrupted by the outbreak of the First Great War, and the Sultan's death, a year before the end of the war in 1919.
After Abdülrahim III's death and the narrow defeat of the Omerian Empire, which lost many of its holdings in Arabia and in Khefanestan, the war hero Arslan Enver Pasha became Grand Vizier and had almost absolute control over the Omerian Empire, dedicated to modernising the state through measures such as spelling and education reforms, judicial reforms, the modernisation of the armed forces, and most controversially, the Turkification of many of the country's minorities. Arslan Enver Pasha would face several revolts throughout the 1930s as many conservatives fought to oppose his regime. Despite not living not long after the end of the Conservative Revolts, Enver Pasha's dream would become a reality as Omeria continued to modernise over the next few decades, though a dramatic pivot to authoritarianism after the Second World War caused many problems. The country would face many trials during the Cold War, such as a series of periods of low-intensity warfare along the border with Khefanestan, revolts in Arab controlled parts of the Empire, and several attempted coups. Yet, despite many attempts to end Omerian democracy, the monarchy was crucial in preventing many of the coups from being successful, and the country would politically liberalise and embrace its many minority groups in the 1990s. Also in this time the Empire's economy would liberalise, leading to large economic growth, until the Millennium Crash in 2000 plunged the country into a recession. The last two decades have been spent rebuilding the country's economy, causing an increased reliance on oil as a source of revenue, and have seen the rise of conservatives such as Alparslan Karan Taviloğlu, who are seeking to restore the country's standing in the region through increased military spending and a hawkish foreign policy.
Entymology
History
Neolithic and Pre-Tiburnian Rule
The Lydian peninsula is one of the oldest settled places in the world, with various ancient Lydian civilisations living in the region from at least the Neolithic until the Danaanistic period. Many of the inhabitants spoke the Lydian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-Hesperian language family. Taking into account the antiquity of the Indo-Hesperian Nessite languages, many scholars have suggested the Lydian peninsula to be a possible origin site for the Indo-Hesperian languages. The earliest recorded inhabitants of Anatolia were the Hatti and Urkeshans, non-Indo-Hesperian peoples who inhabited central and eastern Anatolia, respectively, as early as c. 2300 BC. Indo-European Hittites came to Anatolia and gradually absorbed the Hattians and Hurrians c. 2000–1700 BC. The first major empire in the area was founded by the Nessites under their first leader Nesili, which lasted from the 18th century BC to around the 12th century BC. They quickly spread from their capital of Nesa to be one of the major powers of the Bronze Age.
After the collapse of the Nessite Empire in around 1170 BC, the Brygians, an Indo-Hesperian people dominated Lycia until their kingdom was destroyed by the Kimmeri in the 6th century BC. The Kimmeri shared the same fate, being conquered by the Arans in the 6th century BC. In the western part of Lycia, several successor states to the Nessites survived and became influenced by Danaanic settlers and traders. These states included Caria and Lycia, the last of which gave their name to the peninsula.
Tiburnian Empire and the Migration of the Turks
The entirety of the Lydian peninsula was conquered by the Cyrenian Empire during the 6th century BC, later falling to the armies of Kassander the Great in 333 B.C which led to the increasing Danaanization of the area. After Kassander's death in 313 B.C, Lydia was partitioned into a number of small Danaanic kingdoms, which were all incorporated into the Tiburnian Republic by the end of the 1st century B.C. Danaanization accelerated under Tiburnian rule, and many of the ancient local languages, descendants of the Nessite languages, became extinct, replaced with Danaanic culture. In the late 3rd century AD, the Tiburnian Emperor Valentinian the Great decided to found a new Tibur on the peninsula, founding what would become the city of Valentinopolos, modern day Balantiniyye. Until the 7th century AD, the peninsula was a battleground between the Tiburnian and the Shapurian Empire, after which the Qussayads under Caliph Qusay conquered much of the peninsula.
Omerian Empire
Constitutional Revolution and the First World War
Modernisation and the Conservative Revolts
Arslan Enver Pasha subsequently became Grand Vizier in 1922 after the victory of the Omerian People's Party in the elections. Arslan Enver Pasha quickly laid out plans for dozens of reforms aimed to halt the decline of the Omerian Empire, and to elevate it to the same level as many Western nations. These plans soon came under threat by conservatives in the Parliament, who believed that he was too radical by rapidly centralising government offices and planning to implement secularism. After many conservatives left his party in 1924, Arslan Enver Pasha asked Sultan Abdülsamet II to announce elections. Several parties under the leadership of Arab politician Saud Al-Durubi joined together in an anti-OPP coalition, successfully defeating the ... Party. Yet, Saud Al-Durubi's mandate would not last long, as the coalition quickly fell to infighting over the nature of anti-OPP policies such as federalism, and how to modernise the Millet system. Tensions reached a boiling point in late 1925, when Saud Al-Durubi's government collapsed. A new government was created under the leadership of ... Party leader and former Grand Vizier Osman Celaleddin Pasha, but he was unable to pass any policies relating to his goals of decentralisation and liberalisation.
In the 1926 elections Arslan Enver Pasha once again became Grand Vizier, this time with the OPP earning a majority. Almost immediately he put his plans to work with reforms such as with the secularisation of schools, the enactment of women's suffrage, judicial and legal reforms and an end to the Millet system centred around religion. Many of these policies were obstructed or delayed by the Omerian Chamber of Deputies as a result of interference by the conservative lobby through the Sultan. A failed attempt on his life in May 1928 gave Arslan Enver Pasha the excuse to marginalise and silence his conservative opposition, commissioning a taskforce dedicated to trying suspects and forming the ... Law which successfully passed through both houses of government, granting the Grand Vizier near unlimited powers and sidelining parliament as long as the crisis continued. Hundreds of men quickly became associated with the plot as Arslan Enver Pasha was accused of megalomania and paranoia, using the attempted assassination as a political ploy to silence the conservative opposition.
In late 1928 two divisions led by General Ismet Talat Pasha decided to march on the capital in the hopes of deposing the Grand Vizier. The attempted coup was quickly foiled but the putschists quickly seized control of several provinces in the south, stating Arslan Enver Pasha's government to be illegitimate and declaring themselves to be the Conservative Government of the Omerian Empire, starting the First Conservative Revolt. Sultan Mehmet Ali I initially sympathised with the Conservatives and sought to endorse their cause but he was dissuaded after Prince Murad Ömer Efendi (later Sultan Murad VIII Ömer) stated that if the Sultan were to side with the Reformists and they were defeated, the monarchy would still survive, yet if the Sultan sided with the Conservatives and they were defeated, the monarchy could be abolished by the Grand Vizier.
Though the defeat of the First Conservative Revolt in 1931 was a great victory for the Omerian government and allowed the implementation of a flurry of reforms without any opposition, the war had taken its toll. Arslan Enver Pasha's health had suffered immensely from the stress of the war effort, and much of the country remained divided. Additionally, many of his closest advisors had lost their influence to more liberal members of the party who sidelined Arslan and pressured him to modify or adopt reforms that would benefit minority groups. In 1934 the Second Conservative Revolt would occur in the regions of ... and ... . These revolts took on a more separatist flavour as remaining conservative groups allied with Gurdani and Heyerian seperatists. In 1933 the Surname Law was passed, bringing an end to titles such as 'Pasha', with Arslan Enver adopting the surname "..." In 1936, the defeat of the İskeçe Revolt would mark the end of the Conservative Revolts, with Arslan Enver ... passing away in the years afterwards from a heart attack. Reforms would continue under the leadership of Ismail İkiköprü.
Cold War and Modern Era
The growing authoritarianism creeping across !Europe in the wake of the Second World War left its mark on Balantiniyye. Many of the supposed benefits that would come from the post-1944 pivot towards Eisenreich's authoritarianism quickly disappeared, leaving the government of Ismail İkiköprü with disloyal populations, open hostility in many provinces, and a shaky grasp on power. To make matters worse, the popular and pro-democratic Sultan Murad VII, who had come to the throne in 1942, had suffered a stroke, leaving many of his responsibilities to the brash and hedonistic Prince Murad Ömer Efendi. Grand Vizier Ismail İkiköprü responded by consolidating his allies within the military and appealing to pro-Turkic groups that would otherwise pose a threat. In a quick succession of proposals, initiatives, laws, and decrees made by Grand Vizier Ismail İkiköprü the Empire managed to mostly retain its political structure. One of the initiatives was the creation of a Grand Council of Enverism within the Chamber of Deputies that oversaw the rejection of any laws that go against the principles of Enverism. The military was empowered, with many of its loyal and popular members gaining seats in Parliament and on occasion in the Grand Vizier's cabinet. Minority rights were heavily curtailed with restricted rights for all non-military personnel in non-Turkic minority provinces. A classical liberal and rival of İkiköprü, Ömer Şamdereli was so opposed to the increasingly authoritarian overtures made by the Grand Vizier that he publicly resigned from his post as a member of Parliament in 1947 alongside a small number of allies. This threat to his rule was dealt with carefully as İkiköprü allowed Ömer Şamdereli to found the ... Party as long as he remained in Parliament as leader of a loyal opposition. Having won his concessions, Şamdereli and his new party accepted, and for the next five years continued to engage in a parliamentary stand-off with İkiköprü's party.
Ömer Şamdereli would come to gain control over the Omerian government with the help of Osman IV Hayreddin, a liberal monarch who disliked Murad VII's hedonism. A coup in 1960 would be defeated, with many of the plotters, including later Grand Vizier Ramazan Baştürk, jailed for a period of time and temporarily exiled from politics. After an election upset in 1967 in which the ... government of Shakib Talay was unable to form a government, with Sultan Osman IV Hayreddin appointing the Danaanian Jüstinyen Kazantoğlu as Grand Vizier, only the second time the ... Party lost government since 1924. Yet, outside threats as well as internal ones would threaten this period of liberalisation.
By the mid 1970s the country was entering a dark period of low-intensity warfare not just with Khefanestan, but among paramilitary groups within the country. Communists and fascists routinely battled each other in the streets, leading to the loss of hundreds of lives. Popular opinion was also turning against the government of Hashim Al-Shishakli after the pyrrhic victory of the Four Months War and the almost-disastrous handling of the Tibelian Crisis. Tensions came to a head in 1975 with the shock election victory of Ramazan Baştürk, an avowed fascist and populist. Baştürk would face increasing difficulties to dismantle Omerian democracy and attempted to seize full control on the 17th of August 1977, only to be stopped when Sultan Mehmet Ali II made a public announcement over the radio denouncing the coup. Soldiers across decided not to join the coup, either not participating or outright clashing against the putschists. After two days of heavy fighting in many of Omeria's cities, Ramazan Baştürk was arrested, and the government of Hashim Al-Shishakli once again returned to power.