Thingspeaker of Azmara: Difference between revisions

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The Thingspeaker serves as the head of the [[Government of Azmara]], being responsible for chairing meetings of the body, resolving disputes involving multiple members of the Government and directing the official policy of the Government. While the appointment of the members of the Government is left largely to the Thingspeaker's official wishes, to serve in the office themselves they are required to possess a majority of support within the Folksmot. Due to the fact that no party has won an overall majority in the Folksmot since the implementation of {{wpl|proportional representation}} in 1933, deals between multiple parties are normally required to take office and as a result every Government since 1933 has had multiple parties represented.
The Thingspeaker serves as the head of the [[Government of Azmara]], being responsible for chairing meetings of the body, resolving disputes involving multiple members of the Government and directing the official policy of the Government. While the appointment of the members of the Government is left largely to the Thingspeaker's official wishes, to serve in the office themselves they are required to possess a majority of support within the Folksmot. Due to the fact that no party has won an overall majority in the Folksmot since the implementation of {{wpl|proportional representation}} in 1933, deals between multiple parties are normally required to take office and as a result every Government since 1933 has had multiple parties represented.


The current Thingspeaker is [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun]] of [[Gold Flame]], who has served since 5 July 2023 as the head of a coalition with the [[Sotirian Democrats (Azmara)|Sotirian Democrats]], [[The Radicals (Azmara)|The Radicals]] and the [[Green Party (Azmara)|Green Party]].
The current Thingspeaker is [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun]] of [[Gold Flame]], who has served since 5 July 2023 as the head of a coalition with the [[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party]], [[The Radicals (Azmara)|The Radicals]] and the [[Green Party (Azmara)|Green Party]].
==History==
==History==
The use of "Thingspeaker" to describe a senior political position dates back to the creation of the [[Azmaran Confederation]] in 1623, where the Thingspeaker was the second most important government office after the Chancellor, being appointed by the Chancellor to mediate between the two houses of the Alþing and to carry out the Chancellor's political will. While clearly subordinate to the Chancellor, the position showed elements of parliamentarianism, with the appointment of a new Thingspeaker having to be confirmed by both houses of the Alþing.
The use of "Thingspeaker" to describe a senior political position dates back to the creation of the [[Azmaran Confederation]] in 1623, where the Thingspeaker was the second most important government office after the Chancellor, being appointed by the Chancellor to mediate between the two houses of the Alþing and to carry out the Chancellor's political will. While clearly subordinate to the Chancellor, the position showed elements of parliamentarianism, with the appointment of a new Thingspeaker having to be confirmed by both houses of the Alþing.
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After the fall of the National Coalition during the Realignment, the office would be retained in the 1933 Basic Law but both it and the office of President would be reformed to prevent them being used for {{wpl|authoritarianism|authoritarian}} rule, with the President being reduced to a figurehead office and the Thingspeaker being officially designated as a ''primus inter pares'' leader of the Government.  
After the fall of the National Coalition during the Realignment, the office would be retained in the 1933 Basic Law but both it and the office of President would be reformed to prevent them being used for {{wpl|authoritarianism|authoritarian}} rule, with the President being reduced to a figurehead office and the Thingspeaker being officially designated as a ''primus inter pares'' leader of the Government.  


Since the enactment of the 1933 Basic Law, the position has been held most often by members of the Workers' Party, with 11 out of 19 Thingspeakers being members of the party and holding it interrupted between 1933 and 1954, yet since then the position has become more competitive, with four Thingspeakers coming from Gold Flame and two each from the [[Sotirian Democrats]] and the Radicals since 1954.
Since the enactment of the 1933 Basic Law, the position has been held most often by members of the Workers' Party, with 11 out of 19 Thingspeakers being members of the party and holding it interrupted between 1933 and 1954, yet since then the position has become more competitive, with three Thingspeakers each coming from Gold Flame and the Centre Party and two from the Radicals since 1954.


==Function and appointment==
==Function and appointment==
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| rowspan=5 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
| rowspan=5 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
| [[1933 Azmaran legislative election|1933]]
| [[1933 Azmaran legislative election|1933]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun I]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun II]]
| ''Vacant''
| ''Vacant''
|-
|-
| [[1936 Azmaran legislative election|1936]]
| [[1936 Azmaran legislative election|1936]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun II]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun III]]
! align="center" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Frei Mikelssun]]'''<br/>[[File:ArthurHGreenwood.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1934-1940)}}
! align="center" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Frei Mikelssun]]'''<br/>[[File:ArthurHGreenwood.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1934-1940)}}
|-
|-
| [[1939 Azmaran legislative election|1939]]
| [[1939 Azmaran legislative election|1939]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun III]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun IV]]
|-
|-
| [[1942 Azmaran legislative election|1942]]
| [[1942 Azmaran legislative election|1942]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun IV]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun V]]
! align="center" rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Aleksander Siimunsun]]'''<br/>[[File:Paul_Ramadier_en_1948.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1940-1952)}}
! align="center" rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Aleksander Siimunsun]]'''<br/>[[File:Paul_Ramadier_en_1948.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1940-1952)}}
|-
|-
| [[1945 Azmaran legislative election|1945]]
| [[1945 Azmaran legislative election|1945]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun V]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Alekssun VI]]
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |5
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |5
Line 123: Line 123:
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|M. Aansgaarssun II]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|M. Aansgaarssun II]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#FF9900; color:white;" |6
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |6
| [[File:Julius-Raab-1961.jpg|90px]]
| [[File:Julius-Raab-1961.jpg|90px]]
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Freidrikssun|'''Helmut Freidrikssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1902-1980)}}
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Freidrikssun|'''Helmut Freidrikssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1902-1980)}}
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| 12 October 1957
| 12 October 1957
| {{Age in years, months and days|1954|11|11|1957|10|12}}
| {{Age in years, months and days|1954|11|11|1957|10|12}}
| style="background:#FF9900;" |
| style="background:#44BB22;" |
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democrats (Azmara)|Sotirian Democracy<br>of Azmara]]}}
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
| [[1954 Azmaran legislative election|1954]]
| [[1954 Azmaran legislative election|1954]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Freidrikssun I]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Freidrikssun I]]
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| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|M. Aansgaarssun III]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|M. Aansgaarssun III]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#FF9900; color:white;" |(6)
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |(6)
| [[File:Julius-Raab-1961.jpg|90px]]
| [[File:Julius-Raab-1961.jpg|90px]]
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Freidrikssun|'''Helmut Freidrikssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1902-1980)}}
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Freidrikssun|'''Helmut Freidrikssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1902-1980)}}
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|3 October 1963
|3 October 1963
| {{Age in years, months and days|1960|11|01|1963|10|03}}
| {{Age in years, months and days|1960|11|01|1963|10|03}}
| style="background:#FF9900;" |
| style="background:#44BB22;" |
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democrats (Azmara)|Sotirian Democracy<br>of Azmara]]}}
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
| [[1960 Azmaran legislative election|1960]]
| [[1960 Azmaran legislative election|1960]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Freidrikssun II]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Freidrikssun II]]
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| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|F. Jorśsun I]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|F. Jorśsun I]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |8
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |8
| [[File:Per_Borten_i_Folldal_i_1987.png|90px]]
| [[File:Per_Borten_i_Folldal_i_1987.png|90px]]
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Eryk Aansgaarssun|'''Eryk Aansgaarssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1916-2000)}}
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Eryk Aansgaarssun|'''Eryk Aansgaarssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1916-2000)}}
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|12 October 1969
|12 October 1969
| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|10|31|1969|10|12}}
| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|10|31|1969|10|12}}
| style="background:#00BBFF;" |
| style="background:#44BB22;" |
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}}
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
| [[1966 Azmaran legislative election|1966]]
| [[1966 Azmaran legislative election|1966]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Aansgaarssun]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Aansgaarssun]]
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! rowspan=2 style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |11
! rowspan=2 style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |11
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Ed_van_Thijn_portrait.jpg|90px]]
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Ed_van_Thijn_portrait.jpg|90px]]
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Stefan Mâþissun|'''Aarne Leifssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1931-2018)}}
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Aarne Leifssun|'''Aarne Leifssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1931-2018)}}
| rowspan=2 | 15 October 1981
| rowspan=2 | 15 October 1981
| rowspan=2 | 13 October 1987
| rowspan=2 | 13 October 1987
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| [[1984 Azmaran legislative election|1984]]
| [[1984 Azmaran legislative election|1984]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|A. Leifssun II]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|A. Leifssun II]]
|}
{|class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center"  width="100%"
|-
|-
!rowspan=2 style="width:25px;"|№
! style="background:red; color:white;" |12
!colspan=2 style="width:280px;"|Thingspeaker
| [[File:Proinsias_De_Rossa,_cropped.jpg|90px]]
!colspan=3|Term of office
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Herman Jonssun|'''Herman Jonssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1940-)}}
! style="width:100px;" rowspan="2"|Political Party
| 13 October 1987
| 4 October 1990
| {{Age in years, months and days|1987|10|13|1990|10|04}}
| style="background:red;" |
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
| [[1987 Azmaran legislative election|1987]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Jonssun]]
! align="center" rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Jana Eryksdohter]]'''<br/>[[File:Mary_Robinson_World_Economic_Forum_2013_crop.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1985-1997)}}
|-
|-
!Portrait
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |(11)
!width=180px|Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small>
| [[File:Ed_van_Thijn_portrait.jpg|90px]]
!Took Office
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Aarne Leifssun|'''Aarne Leifssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1931-2018)}}
!Left Office
| 4 October 1990
!Days
| 1 September 1993
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| {{Age in years, months and days|1990|10|04|1993|09|01}}
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff0000;"| 12
| style="background:#00BBFF;" |
|rowspan=2|[[File:Proinsias_De_Rossa,_cropped.jpg|80px]]
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}}
|rowspan=2|'''Herman Jonssun'''<br/><small>(1940-)
| [[1990 Azmaran legislative election|1990]]
|13 October 1987
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|A. Leifssun III]]
|4 October 1990
|{{age in days|1987|10|13|1990|10|4|}}
|style="background:#ff0000;"| [[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Ap]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Jonssun would defeat Leifssun in the 1987 election, capitalising on the unpopularity of his government amongst wide sectors of Azmaran society and promising a market change away from neoliberal economic policy. Jonssun's government notably declared a "war on unemployment", investing heavily in retraining schemes to areas affected by industrial decline and the move to a services-based economy. While this policy saw success, he would come into conflict with his coalition partners on other economic reforms, who were unenthusiastic about the proposed renationalisations Jonssun proposed and wished to continue the monetarist economic policies of Leifssun.}}
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |(12)
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Proinsias_De_Rossa,_cropped.jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#00bbff;"| (11)
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Herman Jonssun|'''Herman Jonssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1940-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Ed_van_Thijn_portrait.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan=2 | 1 September 1993
|rowspan=2|'''Aarne Leifssun'''<br/><small>(1931-2018)
| rowspan=2 | 12 January 1999
|4 October 1990
| rowspan=2 | {{Age in years, months and days|1993|09|01|1999|01|12}}
|1 September 1993
| rowspan=2 style="background:red;" |
|{{age in days|1990|10|4|1993|9|1}}
| rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
|style="background:#00bbff;"| [[Gold Flame|GF]]
| [[1993 Azmaran legislative election|1993]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Jonssun II]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Leifssun returned to government after the 1990 election, notably forming a coalition with The Radicals and Democrats as opposed to the Sotirian Democrats. His second government saw further privatisation and deregulation, with the national stock exchange being deregulated in 1991 and significant government shares in Azmaariś-Lesten and Azmaariś-Telekom were sold off, with the government cutting its share down to 45% in both companies. His second government also saw a noted liberalisation in social policy, introducing both legal recognition for same-sex couples and abortion on-demand for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.}}
| [[1996 Azmaran legislative election|1996]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Jonssun III]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff0000;"| (12)
|rowspan=2|[[File:Proinsias_De_Rossa,_cropped.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan=2|'''Herman Jonssun'''<br/><small>(1940-)
|1 September 1993
|12 January 1999
|{{age in days|1993|9|1|1999|1|12|}}
|style="background:#ff0000;"| [[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Ap]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|After losing office in 1990, Jonssun changed the party's stance to official support for an approach of "professional socialism", dropping opposition to the {{wpl|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} reforms of Aarne Leifssun's government and focusing on strong public services and social welfare. His government implemented a number of tax and welfare reforms, streamlining the tax code and cutting rates on working-class families, shifting the burden to indirect taxation, and merging many low-income support programs into a single Unemployment and Poverty Insurance system with the intention of reducing bureaucracy and wait times. He also began a major program of investment in transport and communications, improving Azmara's road and rail connections and attempting to connect it to the {{wpl|World Wide Web}}. Ultimately, his passionate {{wpl|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}} led to his acceptance of an [[Euclean Community|EC]] Commission role in 1999, resigning as Thingspeaker.}}
! rowspan=2 style="background:red; color:white;" |13
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Roger_van_Boxtel_2010.jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff0000;"| 13
! rowspan=2 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Jorś Mâþijassun|'''Jorś Mâþijassun''']]<br/>{{small|(1947-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Roger_van_Boxtel_2010.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan=2 | 12 January 1999
|rowspan=2|'''Jorś Mâþijassun'''<br/><small>(1947-)
| rowspan=2 | 3 May 2003
|12 January 1999
| rowspan=2 | {{Age in years, months and days|1999|01|12|2003|05|03}}
|3 May 2003
| rowspan=2 style="background:red;" |
|{{age in days|1999|1|12|2003|5|3|}}
| rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
|style="background:#ff0000;"| [[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Ap]]
| [[1999 Azmaran legislative election|1999]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|J. Mâþijassun I]]
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Rygin Leifssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Tony_Benn2.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(1997-2003)}}
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|A leading figure on the right of the party, a skilled media performer and a believer in consensus, Mâþijassun was brought in to provide a new face for the Workers' Party in the 1999 election. He continued the narrative of "professional socialism" adopted by the government since 1993 and continued it further, entering the first grand coalition in Azmaran politics between the Workers' Party and Gold Flame. This government would be responsible for further deregulation of the financial sector, in an attempt to capitalise on the boom in that sector that had gripped much of Euclea. Another major policy area was {{wpl|structural employment}} and schemes in co-operation with major businesses to create apprenticeships and vocational training were introduced in areas particularly hit by this such as Ostlaak and Sompland. This would lead to his downfall, as a {{wpl|conflict of interest}} scandal emerged over the prominent role of his wife's company in these schemes and led to his resignation.}}
| [[2002 Azmaran legislative election|2002]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|J. Mâþijassun II]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff0000;"| 14
|rowspan=2|[[File:Verburg_Dutch_politician_kabinet_Balkenende_IV.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan=2|'''Eleina Helmutsdohter'''<br/><small>(1958-)
|3 May 2003
|29 September 2005
|{{age in days|2003|5|3|2005|9|29|}}
|style="background:#ff0000;"| [[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Ap]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Eleina Helmutsdohter, formerly the Environment Minister in the Mâþijassun government, became the first female Thingspeaker of Azmara and was seen as a charismatic, modern face for the party. Her government largely continued the {{wpl|Third Way|professional socialist}} approach of the previous government, controversially selling off 30% of the shares in the state-owned Ostlaak-Haadland Port Authority. Her government also focused heavily on public services, significantly increasing spending on education and healthcare and aiming for {{wpl|school choice}} and greater competition between hospitals. She is also commonly associated with her {{wpl|social liberalism|socially liberal}} policies, legalising {{wpl|same-sex marriage}} and liberalising Azmara's immigration laws. However, despite initial popularity, her government was tainted as the 2005 Recession hit, leading to a crushing defeat of the Workers' Party and Gold Flame in August 2005.}}
! style="background:red; color:white;" |14
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[File:Verburg_Dutch_politician_kabinet_Balkenende_IV.jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#bb00bb;"| 15
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Eleina Helmutsdohter|'''Eleina Helmutsdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1958-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Joop_Wijn_Minister_EZ.jpg|80px]]
| 3 May 2003
|rowspan=2|'''[[Helmut Þurisassun]]'''<br/><small>(1961–2007)
| 29 September 2005
|29 September 2005
| {{Age in years, months and days|2003|05|03|2005|09|29}}
|19 December 2007
| style="background:red;" |
|{{age in days|2005|9|29|2007|12|19|}}
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
|style="background:#bb00bb;"| [[The Radicals (Azmara)|R]]
| —
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Helmutsdohter]]
! align="center" rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Liis Helmutsdohter]]'''<br/>[[File:Renate_Künast_2.JPG|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2003-2009)}}
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Helmut Þurisassun became the second Thingspeaker from the Radicals in Azmaran history after forming a government with the Sotirian Democrats and the Greens after anger over the recession led to the end of the Grand Coalition. Þurisassun's government was thus primarily concerned with solving the economic crisis, to which end the government implemented a fiscal stimulus programme. This programme included tax reforms aimed at increasing the disposable income of the working and middle classes, increases in infrastructure and welfare spending, subsidies for new and small businesses across the economy. The government also announced their top priority to be education, abolishing student tuition fees and greatly increasing funding for scientific research. However, Þurisassun would not serve a full term as he would die in office from a heart attack in December 2007.}}
! style="background:#CC00CC; color:white;" |15
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[File:Joop_Wijn_Minister_EZ.jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff9900;"| 16
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Helmut Þurisassun|'''Helmut Þurisassun''']]<br/>{{small|(1961-2007)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Karel-de-gucht.jpg|80px]]
| 29 September 2005
|rowspan=2|'''Stefan Aansgaarssun'''<br/><small>(1949–)
| 19 December 2007
|19 December 2007
| {{Age in years, months and days|2005|09|29|2007|12|19}}
|1 August 2008
| style="background:#CC00CC;" |
|{{age in days|2007|12|19|2008|8|1}}
| {{nowrap|[[The Radicals (Azmara)|The Radicals –<br>Azmaran Democrats]]}}
|style="background:#ff9900;"| [[Sotirian Democrats|SF]]
| [[2005 Azmaran legislative election|2005]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|H. Þurisassun]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Aansgaarsun succeeded Þurisassun after the latter's untimely death, having served as Deputy Thingspeaker and Defence Secretary throughout Aansgaarsun's premiership. As campaigning for the 2008 election began shortly after, his government saw almost no new legislation enacted, and he has largely been described as an "interim Thingspeaker" and his ruling style as "technocratic".}}
! style="background:#44BB22; color:white;" |16
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[File:Karel-de-gucht.jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff0000;"| 17
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Stefan Aansgaarssun|'''Stefan Aansgaarssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1949-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Tallinn Digital Summit. Handshake Theresa May and Jüri Ratas (37357846742) (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 19 December 2007
|rowspan=2|'''[[Niina Hermansdohter]]'''<br/><small>(1957–)
| 1 August 2008
|1 August 2008
| {{Age in years, months and days|2007|12|19|2008|08|01}}
|7 June 2011
| style="background:#44BB22;" |
|{{age in days|2008|8|1|2011|6|7}}
| {{nowrap|[[Centre Party (Azmara)|Centre Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
|style="background:#ff0000;"| [[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Ap]]
| —
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|S. Aansgaarssun]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Hermansdohter came to power after the 2008 election in a grand coalition with the Sotirian Democrats and the Radicals. Her tenure's achievements included the Discrimination Act which toughened Azmara's anti-discrimination laws, attempts to make education more inclusive and the continuation of the {{wpl|Keynesian economics|demand-side}} approach towards Azmara's economy, yet the country dealt with sluggish growth rates throughout most of her tenure. In mid-2010 disputes over economic and social policy led to the Sotirian Democrats' departure and replacement with the Green Party as Hermansdohter announced she would not stand for re-election and nominated herself to fill an EC Commission vacancy amid declining approval.}}
! style="background:red; color:white;" |17
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[File:Tallinn Digital Summit. Handshake Theresa May and Jüri Ratas (37357846742) (cropped).jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#00bbff;"| 18
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Niina Hermansdohter|'''Niina Hermansdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1957-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Foreign_Secretary_briefing_on_recent_visit_to_Pakistan_(4743128802).jpg|80px]]
| 1 August 2008
|rowspan=2|'''Jon Jorśsun'''<br/><small>(1961–)
| 7 June 2011
|7 June 2011
| {{Age in years, months and days|2008|08|01|2011|06|07}}
|2 February 2014
| style="background:red;" |
|{{age in days|2011|6|7|2014|2|2}}
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
|style="background:#00bbff;"| [[Gold Flame|GF]]
| [[2008 Azmaran legislative election|2008]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|N. Hermansdohter]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Jorśsun came to power in 2011 in a coalition with the Sotirian Democrats, controversially backed up by the {{wpl|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} People's Party. His administration implemented controversial reforms to Azmara's immigration and crime policies, introducing a yearly cap on immigrants from countries not in the [[Euclean Community]] and introducing longer sentences for crimes. These moves, however, proved unpopular with many in the country, and as he moved to reintroduce {{wpl|tuition fees}}, mass student protests broke out, citing the reintroduction of fees, hostility towards immigrants and a lack of action on climate change as their driving factors. Ultimately, these protests would lead to the breakup of his government as the People's Party withdrew due to their opposition to fee raises, and he would lose votes of confidence from both the Folksmot and his own party congress.}}
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |18
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[File:Foreign_Secretary_briefing_on_recent_visit_to_Pakistan_(4743128802).jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#00bbff;"| 19
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Jon Jorśsun|'''Jon Jorśsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1961-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Marie-Christine Marghem.jpg|80px]]
| 7 June 2011
|rowspan=2|'''Sofija Freidriksdohter'''<br/><small>(1971–)
| 2 February 2014
|2 February 2014
| {{Age in years, months and days|2011|06|07|2014|02|02}}
|19 May 2017
| style="background:#00BBFF;" |
|{{age in days|2014|2|2|2017|5|19}}
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}}
|style="background:#00bbff;"| [[Gold Flame|GF]]
| [[2011 Azmaran legislative election|2011]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|J. Jorśsun]]
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Lorens Aansgaarssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Ivo_Opstelten_2011.jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2009-2015)}}
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|The daughter of a confectionary magnate and a frequent fixture on {{wpl|talk shows}}, Freidriksdohter was chosen as Thingspeaker in an attempt to revitalise the Gold Flame party, being parachuted into the Landsmot by the Westmaark provincial government. She became the youngest Thingspeaker of Azmara in the post-war era, and gained her party one of its best results in the 2014 election, entering government with the Sotirian Democrats and the Radicals. Her government repealed much of her predecessor's changes to immigration and crime policy. Other notable policy moves included passing the Gender Reform Act allowing for legal gender to be changed without surgery, reforms to make it easier to set up a business, and subsidies to new tech startups in order to encourage Azmara's growing technology industry. However, her government would lose much of its popularity after multiple scandals involving ministers and would lose its majority in 2017.}}
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |19
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[File:Marie-Christine Marghem.jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff0000;"| 20
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Sofija Freidriksdohter|'''Sofija Freidriksdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1971-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Charles Kennedy.jpg|80px]]
| 2 February 2014
|rowspan=2|'''Eryk Jorśsun'''<br/><small>(1959–)
| 19 May 2017
|19 May 2017
| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|02|02|2017|05|19}}
|13 July 2020
| style="background:#00BBFF;" |
|{{age in days|2017|5|19|2020|7|13}}
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}}
|style="background:#ff0000;"| [[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Ap]]
| [[2014 Azmaran legislative election|2014]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|S. Freidriksdohter]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Eryk Jorśsun, a former Professor of Economics at Sloh College, was instrumental in moving the Workers' Party back to the left, a move many cite as the cause behind their 2017 election victory. His premiership was characterised by a series of reforms, most notably reforming the Azmaran National Healthcare Insurance to cover the full costs of all non-cosmetic treatments and reversing the partial privatisation of Azmaran Rail, as well as a return to {{wpl|collective bargaining}} and a series of policies geared at reducing the carbon emissions of Azmara. He also saw a move away from the {{wpl|presidentialism}} of the previous administrations as he moved towards more of a cabinet style of leadership, focusing on the talents of individual ministers. After his party's 2020 victory, he announced a desire to step down and let "the next generation of politician" take over, resigning as Thingspeaker in 2020.}}
! style="background:red; color:white;" |20
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[File:Charles Kennedy.jpg|90px]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#ff0000;"| 21
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Eryk Jorśsun|'''Eryk Jorśsun''']]<br/>{{small|(1959-)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2.jpg|80px]]
| 19 May 2017
|rowspan=2|'''Sofija Anasdohter'''<br/><small>(1981–)
| 13 July 2020
|13 July 2020
| {{Age in years, months and days|2017|05|19|2020|07|13}}
|5 July 2023
| style="background:red;" |
|{{age in days|2020|7|13}}
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
|style="background:#ff0000;"| [[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Ap]]
| [[2017 Azmaran legislative election|2017]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Jorśsun]]
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Maarija Ryginsdohter]]'''<br/>[[File:Isabella_Lövin_signing_climate_law_referral_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2015-2021)}}
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Sofija Anasdohter, who had served as Interior Secretary in Jorśsun's government, succeeded him as Thingspeaker in July 2020, becoming the fourth woman and the first person from Haadland to serve as Thingspeaker. Her government, a three-party coalition with the Green Party and The Radicals, focused chiefly on progressive reform in educational, environmental and constitutional issues.}}
! style="background:red; color:white;" |21
 
| [[File:Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2.jpg|90px]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Sofija Anasdohter|'''Sofija Anasdohter''']]<br/>{{small|(1981-)}}
!rowspan=2 style="background:#00bbff;"| 21
| 13 July 2020
|rowspan=2|[[File:Daniel_Günther_(2017).jpg|80px]]
| 5 July 2023
|rowspan=2|'''Freidrik Aleksaanderssun'''<br/><small>(1969–)
| {{Age in years, months and days|2020|07|13|2023|07|05}}
|5 July 2023
| style="background:red;" |
|''Incumbent''
| {{nowrap|[[Workers' Party (Azmara)|Workers' Party<br>of Azmara]]}}
|{{age in days|2023|7|05}}
| [[2020 Azmaran legislative election|2020]]
|style="background:#00bbff;"| [[Gold Flame|GF]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|E. Jorśsun]]
|-
|-
|colspan=5 align=left| {{small|Freidrik Aleksaanderssun became Thingspeaker after the [[2023 Azmaran legislative election|2023 election]] leading a four-party coalition of Gold Flame, the Sotirian Democrats, the Radicals and the Green Party.}}
! style="background:#00BBFF; color:white;" |22
| [[File:Daniel_Günther_(2017).jpg|90px]]
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" | [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun|'''Freidrik Aleksaanderssun''']]<br/>{{small|(1969-)}}
| 5 July 2023
| ''Incumbent''
| {{Age in years, months and days|2023|07|05}}
| style="background:#00BBFF;" |
| {{nowrap|[[Gold Flame|Gold Flame –<br>Azmaran Liberal Party]]}}
| [[2023 Azmaran legislative election|2023]]
| [[Government of Azmara#List of ministries|F. Aleksaanderssun]]
! align="center" rowspan=2 style="font-weight:normal" | '''[[Harald Alekssun]]'''<br/>[[File:Georges_Gilkinet_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>{{small|(2021-)}}
|}
|}
===Timeline===
===Timeline===
<timeline>
<timeline>

Latest revision as of 22:35, 2 March 2024

Thingspeaker of Azmara
Þingspreker âb Azmaara
Coat of arms of Azmara.png
Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Azmara
Azmaran Flag.png
Flag of the Commonwealth of Azmara
Daniel Günther (2017).jpg
Incumbent
Freidrik Aleksaanderssun
since 5 July 2023
StyleThe Honourable (diplomatic, outside Azmara)
StatusHead of government
Member ofGovernment
Euclean Conference
ResidenceNysted Place
SeatStefansberg, Aalmsted, Azmara
NominatorFolksmot
AppointerPresident of Azmara
Term lengthWhile commanding the confidence of the Folksmot.
Formation28 October 1915
First holderLeif Aansgaarsun
DeputyDeputy Thingspeaker
Salary€150,000/year
Websitewww.thingspreker.az

The Thingspeaker of Azmara (Azmaran: Þingspreker âb Azmaara) is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Azmara.

The office was created upon the passage of the Basic Law of 1915 which served to transition Azmara away from a presidential system towards parliamentarianism as many of the executive powers given to the President under the Basic Law of 1855 were transferred to the position, with the inaugural officeholder being Leif Aansgaarsun of Gold Flame.

The Thingspeaker serves as the head of the Government of Azmara, being responsible for chairing meetings of the body, resolving disputes involving multiple members of the Government and directing the official policy of the Government. While the appointment of the members of the Government is left largely to the Thingspeaker's official wishes, to serve in the office themselves they are required to possess a majority of support within the Folksmot. Due to the fact that no party has won an overall majority in the Folksmot since the implementation of proportional representation in 1933, deals between multiple parties are normally required to take office and as a result every Government since 1933 has had multiple parties represented.

The current Thingspeaker is Freidrik Aleksaanderssun of Gold Flame, who has served since 5 July 2023 as the head of a coalition with the Centre Party, The Radicals and the Green Party.

History

The use of "Thingspeaker" to describe a senior political position dates back to the creation of the Azmaran Confederation in 1623, where the Thingspeaker was the second most important government office after the Chancellor, being appointed by the Chancellor to mediate between the two houses of the Alþing and to carry out the Chancellor's political will. While clearly subordinate to the Chancellor, the position showed elements of parliamentarianism, with the appointment of a new Thingspeaker having to be confirmed by both houses of the Alþing.

While during the brief Republic of Westmarck the position would be abolished in favour of executive power being held collectively by a Directory, a new Thingspeaker position with similar responsibilities existed in the succeeding Kingdom of Azmara. The political setup of the Kingdom gave significant power to the King, who appointed his own Government and had the right to veto and propose laws and dissolve the Alþing at their wish, yet the new Thingspeaker position would serve to try and mediate between him, his Government and the Alþing.

The position would be abolished during the 1855 Revolution as a democratic republic was created in place of the monarchy, as executive power would be held in the hands of a directly-elected President. The Alþing would be retained as an institution, however, yet it was thought that due to the President being elected by the same electorate as the Alþing that it would not need the same mediation.

However, due to an increasingly ideologically fractured Alþing in the early 20th century leading to increasing gridlock between the President and the Alþing, the idea of an executive elected by the Alþing carried increasing appeal amongst the electorate and as such the modern position of Thingspeaker would be introduced in the Basic Law of 1915, to be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Folksmot, its directly elected lower house and to lead the Government in the place of the President.

The position would first be held by the former President of Azmara, Leif Aansgaarsun, of Gold Flame, who would switch office to continue serving as the main executive power of the government. He would be one of three individuals to serve as Thingspeaker under the 1915 Basic Law and would serve between 1915 and 1921, being succeeded by Freidrik Aarnessun of the Azmaran Section of the Workers' International, who would serve between 1921 and 1923, and Þurisas Siimunssun of the National Coalition, who would serve from 1923 to 1932.

After the fall of the National Coalition during the Realignment, the office would be retained in the 1933 Basic Law but both it and the office of President would be reformed to prevent them being used for authoritarian rule, with the President being reduced to a figurehead office and the Thingspeaker being officially designated as a primus inter pares leader of the Government.

Since the enactment of the 1933 Basic Law, the position has been held most often by members of the Workers' Party, with 11 out of 19 Thingspeakers being members of the party and holding it interrupted between 1933 and 1954, yet since then the position has become more competitive, with three Thingspeakers each coming from Gold Flame and the Centre Party and two from the Radicals since 1954.

Function and appointment

List

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Party Elections Government President
(Tenure)
Took office Left office Time in office
Thingspeaker of the Commonwealth of Azmara
4 Stauning i1920-erne.jpg Hjalmer Alekssun
(1883-1965) 		25 January
1933 		3 September
1947 		14 years, 7 months and 9 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1933 H. Alekssun II Vacant
1936 H. Alekssun III Frei Mikelssun
ArthurHGreenwood.jpg
(1934-1940)
1939 H. Alekssun IV
1942 H. Alekssun V Aleksander Siimunsun
Paul Ramadier en 1948.jpg
(1940-1952)
1945 H. Alekssun VI
5 Einar Gerhardsen 1945.jpeg Mâþijas Aansgaarsun
(1900-1991) 		3 September
1947 		11 November
1954 		7 years, 2 months and 8 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1948 M. Aansgaarssun I
1951 M. Aansgaarssun II
6 Julius-Raab-1961.jpg Helmut Freidrikssun
(1902-1980) 		11 November
1954 		12 October 1957 2 years, 11 months and 1 day Centre Party
of Azmara 		1954 H. Freidrikssun I Henrik W. Þurleifssun
Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P001516, Jakob Kaiser.jpg
(1952-1964)
(5) Einar Gerhardsen 1945.jpeg Mâþijas Aansgaarsun
(1900-1991) 		12 October 1957 1 November 1960 3 years and 20 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1957 M. Aansgaarssun III
(6) Julius-Raab-1961.jpg Helmut Freidrikssun
(1902-1980) 		1 November 1960 3 October 1963 2 years, 11 months and 2 days Centre Party
of Azmara 		1960 H. Freidrikssun II
7 Jens Otto Krag 01.jpg Frei Jorśsun
(1914-1979) 		3 October 1963 31 October 1966 3 years and 28 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1963 F. Jorśsun I
8 Per Borten i Folldal i 1987.png Eryk Aansgaarssun
(1916-2000) 		31 October 1966 12 October 1969 2 years, 11 months and 12 days Centre Party
of Azmara 		1966 E. Aansgaarssun Loki Aarnessun
Piet de Jong 1970.jpg
(1964-1970)
(7) Jens Otto Krag 01.jpg Frei Jorśsun
(1914-1979) 		12 October 1969 12 January 1973 3 years and 3 months Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1969 F. Jorśsun II
9 Verteidigungsminister Dr. Hans Apel (4909219537).jpg Aleksaander Mâþijassun
(1916-2009) 		12 January 1973 20 October 1975 2 years, 9 months and 8 days The Radicals 1972 A. Mâþijassun Leif Alekssun
Schmelzer, Norbert - SFA005000409.jpg
(1970-1973)
10 Ola Ullsten.JPG Stefan Mâþissun
(1923-1999) 		20 October 1975 15 October 1981 5 years, 11 months and 25 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1975 S. Mâþissun I Aleksander Wiljâmssun
Kalevi-Sorsa-1975 (cropped).jpg
(1973-1985)
1978 S. Mâþissun II
11 Ed van Thijn portrait.jpg Aarne Leifssun
(1931-2018) 		15 October 1981 13 October 1987 5 years, 11 months and 28 days Gold Flame –
Azmaran Liberal Party 		1981 A. Leifssun I
1984 A. Leifssun II
12 Proinsias De Rossa, cropped.jpg Herman Jonssun
(1940-) 		13 October 1987 4 October 1990 2 years, 11 months and 21 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1987 H. Jonssun Jana Eryksdohter
Mary Robinson World Economic Forum 2013 crop.jpg
(1985-1997)
(11) Ed van Thijn portrait.jpg Aarne Leifssun
(1931-2018) 		4 October 1990 1 September 1993 2 years, 10 months and 28 days Gold Flame –
Azmaran Liberal Party 		1990 A. Leifssun III
(12) Proinsias De Rossa, cropped.jpg Herman Jonssun
(1940-) 		1 September 1993 12 January 1999 5 years, 4 months and 11 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1993 H. Jonssun II
1996 H. Jonssun III
13 Roger van Boxtel 2010.jpg Jorś Mâþijassun
(1947-) 		12 January 1999 3 May 2003 4 years, 3 months and 21 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		1999 J. Mâþijassun I Rygin Leifssun
Tony Benn2.jpg
(1997-2003)
2002 J. Mâþijassun II
14 Verburg Dutch politician kabinet Balkenende IV.jpg Eleina Helmutsdohter
(1958-) 		3 May 2003 29 September 2005 2 years, 4 months and 26 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		— E. Helmutsdohter Liis Helmutsdohter
Renate Künast 2.JPG
(2003-2009)
15 Joop Wijn Minister EZ.jpg Helmut Þurisassun
(1961-2007) 		29 September 2005 19 December 2007 2 years, 2 months and 20 days The Radicals –
Azmaran Democrats 		2005 H. Þurisassun
16 Karel-de-gucht.jpg Stefan Aansgaarssun
(1949-) 		19 December 2007 1 August 2008 7 months and 13 days Centre Party
of Azmara 		— S. Aansgaarssun
17 Tallinn Digital Summit. Handshake Theresa May and Jüri Ratas (37357846742) (cropped).jpg Niina Hermansdohter
(1957-) 		1 August 2008 7 June 2011 2 years, 10 months and 6 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		2008 N. Hermansdohter
18 Foreign Secretary briefing on recent visit to Pakistan (4743128802).jpg Jon Jorśsun
(1961-) 		7 June 2011 2 February 2014 2 years, 7 months and 26 days Gold Flame –
Azmaran Liberal Party 		2011 J. Jorśsun Lorens Aansgaarssun
Ivo Opstelten 2011.jpg
(2009-2015)
19 Marie-Christine Marghem.jpg Sofija Freidriksdohter
(1971-) 		2 February 2014 19 May 2017 3 years, 3 months and 17 days Gold Flame –
Azmaran Liberal Party 		2014 S. Freidriksdohter
20 Charles Kennedy.jpg Eryk Jorśsun
(1959-) 		19 May 2017 13 July 2020 3 years, 1 month and 24 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		2017 E. Jorśsun Maarija Ryginsdohter
Isabella Lövin signing climate law referral (cropped).jpg
(2015-2021)
21 Official portrait of Angela Rayner MP crop 2.jpg Sofija Anasdohter
(1981-) 		13 July 2020 5 July 2023 2 years, 11 months and 22 days Workers' Party
of Azmara 		2020 E. Jorśsun
22 Daniel Günther (2017).jpg Freidrik Aleksaanderssun
(1969-) 		5 July 2023 Incumbent 1 year, 4 months and 20 days Gold Flame –
Azmaran Liberal Party 		2023 F. Aleksaanderssun Harald Alekssun
Georges Gilkinet (cropped).jpg
(2021-)

Timeline

Freidrik AleksaanderssunSofija AnasdohterEryk JorśsunNiina HermansdohterHelmut Þurisassun
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