Renian language: Difference between revisions

Gadori
Gadori
Gadoreini, Gadorieni
Gadoꭈiʃe Ʃpraȝe
	Ethnic flag of Gadoris
Pronunciation	/gadoːriʃe ʃpʀaːxe/
Native to	Gadorien;
Region	Southern Thuadia
Ethnicity	Gadori
Native speakers	L1: ~48,000,000; L2: ~5,300,000; FL: <80,000
Language family	Thuado-Thrismaran Germanic South-Thuadian Germanic Gadoric Gadori; ; ; ;
Early form	Proto-Gadori
Official status
Official language in	Gadorien; Sekidean Union;
Language codes
ISO 639-1	GD
ISO 639-2	GAD
ISO 639-3	GAD
	File:GadoriLangMap.png Distribution of the language; Absolute majority; >30% of native speakers
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Revision as of 09:32, 12 June 2021

The Gadori language is the official language of the Empire of Gadorien, and one of the official languages of the Sekidean Union.

Alphabet

A a /a ~ ä/	Å å /ɒ ~ ʌ/	Ä ä /ɛ ~ æ/	B b /b/	C c /ʦ/	Ƈ ƈ /ʧ/	D d /d/	E e /e/	F f /f/	G g /g/	H h /ɦ ~ h/
Ħ ħ /θ ~ ð/	Ȝ ȝ /x/	I i /i/	J j /ʝ ~ j/	K k /k/	L l ɭ /l ~ ɭ/	M m /m/	M̂ m̂ /m̩/	N n /n/	N̂ n̂ /n̩/	Ŋ ŋ /ŋ/
O o /ɔ ~ o/	Ö ö /œ ~ ɞ/	P p /p/	Q q /q/	R r ꭈ /ʀ ~ r/	S s ſ /z/	ẞ ß /s/	Ʃ ʃ ȷ /ʃ ~ ʒ/	T t /t/	U u /u/	Ü ü /y ~ ɨ/
V v /v/	Ƿ ƿ /w/	X x /ks/	Y y /ɪ/	Z z /ʣ/

Official version			Diacritic version		Digraph version		IPA Symbol	Example of a common word with the sound
1	A	a	A	a	A	a	/a/	After
2	Å	å	Å	å	Ao	ao	/ɒ/	Not
3	Ꞛ	ꞛ	Ä	ä	Ae	ae	/ɛ/	Bed
4	B	b	B	b	B	b
5	C	c	C	c	C	c
6	Ƈ	ƈ	Č	č	Tsch	Tsch
7	D	d	D	d	D	d
8	E	e	E	e	E	e
9	F	f	F	f	F	f
10	G	g	G	g	G	g
11	H	h	H	h	H	h
12	Ħ	ħ	Ĥ	ĥ	Th	th
13	Ȝ	ȝ	Ȟ	ȟ	Ch	ch
14	I	i	I	i	I	i
15	J	j	J	j	J	j
16	K	k	K	k	K	k
17	L	l	L	l	L	l
17	L	ɭ	L	ĺ	L	l
18	M	m	M	m	M	m
19	M̂	m̂	M̂	m̂	M	m
20	N	n	N	n	N	n
21	N̂	n̂	N̂	n̂	N	n
22	Ŋ	ŋ	Ň	ň	Ng	ng
23	O	o	O	o	O	o
24	Ꞝ	ꞝ	Ö	ö	Oe	oe
25	P	p	P	p	P	p
26	Q	q	Q	q	Q	q
27	R	r	R	r	R	r
27	R	ꭈ	R	ŕ	R	r
28	S	s	S	s	S	s
28	S	ſ	S	ś	S	s
29	ẞ	ß	ẞ	ß	ẞ	ß
30	Ʃ	ʃ	Š	š	Sch	sch
30	Ʃ	ȷ	Š	ž	Sch	sch
31	T	t	T	t	T	t
32	U	u	U	u	U	u
33	Ꞟ	ꞟ	Ü	ü	Ue	ue
34	V	v	V	v	V	v
35	Ƿ	ƿ	Ƿ	ƿ	W	w
36	X	x	X	x	X	x
37	Y	y	Y	y	Y	y
38	Z	z	Z	z	Z	z

Former orthographies

Ꞛ Ɑ Ꞝ Ꞟ
Ꞛ Ɑ Ꞝ Ꞟ

In the older orthographies, notably back in the Baroque and Rococo, special symbols were used for Å, Ä, Ö and Ü. Those symbols later fell into disuse after the more wide spread of the typewriter, which did not include such symbols. Similar thing happened around the same time in neighboring languages, specifically the Louzen language.

The changes were:

Ꞛ ꞛ → Ä ä (Gadori Ae → A-umlaut)
Ɑ ɑ → Å å (Latin alpha → A-ring)
Ꞝ ꞝ → Ö ö (Gadori Oe → O-umlaut)
Ꞟ ꞟ → Ü ü (Gadori Ue → U-umlaut)

Digraph orthography

Back in the middle ages, the Gadori language used a digraph (polygraph) orthography. Some notable examples include:

Ae (or lignature Æ) for present-day Ä
Ao (or lignature Ꜵ) for present-day Å
Oe (or lignature Œ) for present-day Ö
Ue (or lignature ) for present-day Ü
Tsch for present-day Ƈ
Th for present-day Ħ
Ch for present-day Ȝ
lj for present-day miniscule form ɭ
Ng for present-day Ŋ
rr for present-day miniscule form ꭈ
Sz (at the time written as ſʒ), which evolved into ẞ
Sch for present-day Ʃ

Many of those symbols fell into disuse, with shifts, that are no longer used, including:

Æ æ → Ꞛ ꞛ
Ꜵ ꜵ → Ɑ ɑ
Œ œ → Ꞝ ꞝ
ᵫ → Ꞟ ꞟ

Phonology

TBA

Grammar

Just like many other germanic languages, Gadori has four grammatical cases:

And three genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:

Masculine
Feminine
Neutrum

Gender	Singular				Plural				Common
Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Common
Standing alone
Masculine	Ħer	Ħeß	Ħem	Ħen	Ħi	Ħer	Ħen	Ħi	The
Neutrum	Ħaß	Ħeß	Ħem	Ħaß
Feminine	Ħi	Ħer	Ħer	Ħi

Masculine	Ain	Aineß	Ainem	Ainen	—	—	—	—	A/An
Neutrum	Ain	Aineß	Ainem	Ain
Feminine	Aine	Ainer	Ainer	Aine

Masculine	Kain	Kaineß	Kainem	Kainen	Kaine	Kainer	Kainen	Kain	No
Neutrum	Kain	Kaineß	Kainem	Kain
Feminine	Kaine	Kainer	Kainer	Kaine
In combination with Adjectives
Masculine	Ħer + -e	Ħeß + -en	Ħem + -en	Ħen + -en	Ħi + -en	Ħer + -en	Ħen + -en	Ħi + -en	The + ADJ.
Neutrum	Ħaß + -e	Ħeß + -en	Ħem + -en	Ħaß + -e
Feminine	Ħi + -e	Ħer + -en	Ħer + -en	Ħi + -e

Masculine	Ain + -er	Aineß + -en	Ainem + -en	Ainen + -en	Kaine + -en	Kainer + -en	Kainen + -en	Kain + -en	A/An + ADJ.
Neutrum	Ain + -eß	Aineß + -en	Ainem + -en	Ain + -eß
Feminine	Aine	Ainer	Ainer	Aine

Masculine	-er	-en	-em	-en	-e	-er	-en	-e	ADJ. only
Neutrum	-eß	-en	-em	-eß
Feminine	-e	-er	-er	-e

@@ Line 587: / Line 587: @@
 |
 |}
+===Former orthographies===
+{{Symb|Ꞛ Ɑ Ꞝ Ꞟ|serifs}}
+In the older orthographies, notably back in the [[wikipedia:Baroque|Baroque]] and [[wikipedia:Rococo|Rococo]], special symbols were used for Å, Ä, Ö and Ü. Those symbols later fell into disuse after the more wide spread of the [[wikipedia:Typewriter|typewriter]], which did not include such symbols. Similar thing happened around the same time in neighboring languages, specifically the [[Louzen language]].
+The changes were:
+*<big><big>Ꞛ ꞛ</big></big> → <big><big>Ä ä</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Volapük#Orthography and pronunciation|Gadori Ae]] → [[wikipedia:Ä|A-umlaut]])
+*<big><big>Ɑ ɑ</big></big> → <big><big>Å å</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Latin alpha|Latin alpha]] → [[wikipedia:Å|A-ring]])
+*<big><big>Ꞝ ꞝ</big></big> → <big><big>Ö ö</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Volapük#Orthography and pronunciation|Gadori Oe]] → [[wikipedia:Ö|O-umlaut]])
+*<big><big>Ꞟ ꞟ</big></big> → <big><big>Ü ü</big></big> ''([[wikipedia:Volapük#Orthography and pronunciation|Gadori Ue]] → [[wikipedia:Ü|U-umlaut]])
+===Digraph orthography===
+Back in the middle ages, the Gadori language used a digraph (polygraph) orthography. Some notable examples include:
+*Ae (or lignature Æ) for present-day Ä
+*Ao (or lignature Ꜵ) for present-day Å
+*Oe (or lignature Œ) for present-day Ö
+*Ue (or lignature [[File:UEcapital.png|link=|13px]]) for present-day Ü
+*Tsch for present-day Ƈ
+*Th for present-day Ħ
+*Ch for present-day Ȝ
+*lj for present-day miniscule form ɭ
+*Ng for present-day Ŋ
+*rr for present-day miniscule form ꭈ
+*Sz (at the time written as ſʒ), which evolved into ẞ
+*Sch for present-day Ʃ
+Many of those symbols fell into disuse, with shifts, that are no longer used, including:
+*<big><big>Æ æ</big></big> → <big><big>Ꞛ ꞛ</big></big>
+*<big><big>Ꜵ ꜵ</big></big> → <big><big>Ɑ ɑ</big></big>
+*<big><big>Œ œ</big></big> → <big><big>Ꞝ ꞝ</big></big>
+*<big><big>[[File:UEcapital.png|link=|18px]] ᵫ</big></big> → <big><big>Ꞟ ꞟ</big></big>
+==Phonology==
+TBA
+==Grammar==
+Just like many other germanic languages, Gadori has four grammatical cases:
+*[[wikipedia:Nominative case|Nominative]]
+*[[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]
+*[[wikipedia:Dative case|Dative]]
+*[[wikipedia:Accusative case|Accusative]]
+And three genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:
+*Masculine
+*Feminine
+*Neutrum
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+!rowspan="2"|Gender
+!colspan="4"|Singular
+!colspan="4"|Plural
+!rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:English language|Common]]
+|-
+![[wikipedia:Nominative case|Nominative]]
+![[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]
+![[wikipedia:Dative case|Dative]]
+![[wikipedia:Accusative case|Accusative]]
+![[wikipedia:Nominative case|Nominative]]
+![[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]
+![[wikipedia:Dative case|Dative]]
+![[wikipedia:Accusative case|Accusative]]
+|-
+| style="text-align: center; background: #A3B6BF;" colspan="100" | '''Standing alone
+|-
+!Masculine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħer ||rowspan="2"|Ħeß ||rowspan="2"|Ħem ||Ħen ||rowspan="3"|Ħi ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħer ||rowspan="3"|Ħen ||rowspan="3"|Ħi
+!rowspan="3"|The
+|-
+!Neutrum
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħaß ||Ħaß
+|-
+!Feminine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħi ||Ħer ||Ħer ||Ħi
+|-
+!colspan="100"|
+|-
+!Masculine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5 rowspan="2"|'''Ain ||rowspan="2"|Aineß ||rowspan="2"|Ainem ||Ainen ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''— ||rowspan="3"|— ||rowspan="3"|— ||rowspan="3"|—
+!rowspan="3"|A/An
+|-
+!Neutrum
+|Ain
+|-
+!Feminine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Aine ||Ainer ||Ainer ||Aine
+|-
+!colspan="100"|
+|-
+!Masculine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5 rowspan="2"|'''Kain ||rowspan="2"|Kaineß ||rowspan="2"|Kainem ||Kainen ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine ||rowspan="3"|Kainer ||rowspan="3"|Kainen ||rowspan="3"|Kain
+!rowspan="3"|No
+|-
+!Neutrum
+|Kain
+|-
+!Feminine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine ||Kainer ||Kainer ||Kaine
+|-
+| style="text-align: center; background: #A3B6BF;" colspan="100" | '''In combination with [[wikipedia:Adjective|{{Black|Adjectives}}]]
+|-
+!Masculine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħer '''+''' -e ||rowspan="2"|Ħeß + -en ||rowspan="2"|Ħem + -en ||Ħen + -en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħi + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħer + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħen + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħi + -en
+!rowspan="3"|The + <small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{Black|ADJ.}}]]'''</small>
+|-
+!Neutrum
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħaß '''+''' -e ||Ħaß + -e
+|-
+!Feminine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħi '''+''' -e ||Ħer + -en ||Ħer + -en ||Ħi + -e
+|-
+!colspan="100"|
+|-
+!Masculine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ain''' + '''-er ||rowspan="2"|Aineß + -en ||rowspan="2"|Ainem + -en ||Ainen + -en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kainer + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kainen + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kain + -en
+!rowspan="3"|A/An + <small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{Black|ADJ.}}]]'''</small>
+|-
+!Neutrum
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ain''' + '''-eß ||Ain + -eß
+|-
+!Feminine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Aine ||Ainer ||Ainer ||Aine
+|-
+!colspan="100"|
+|-
+!Masculine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-er ||rowspan="2"|-en ||rowspan="2"|-em ||-en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-e ||rowspan="3"|-er ||rowspan="3"|-en ||rowspan="3"|-e
+!rowspan="3"|<small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{Black|ADJ.}}]]'''</small> only
+|-
+!Neutrum
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-eß ||-eß
+|-
+!Feminine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-e ||-er ||-er ||-e
+<!--
+|-
+| style="text-align: center; background: #A3B6BF;" colspan="100" | '''Indefinite articles
+|-
+!Masculine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|''' ||rowspan="2"| ||rowspan="2"| || ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|''' ||rowspan="3"| ||rowspan="3"| ||rowspan="3"|
+!rowspan="3"|
+|-
+!Neutrum
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|''' ||
+|-
+!Feminine
+|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|''' || || ||-->
+|}
+[[Category:Anteria]]
 [[Category:Languages in Anteria]]

Renian language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:32, 12 June 2021

Contents

Alphabet

Former orthographies

Digraph orthography

Phonology

Grammar

Navigation menu

Renian language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:32, 12 June 2021

Alphabet

Former orthographies

Digraph orthography

Phonology

Grammar

Navigation menu

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