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| {{Infobox political post
| | The '''Surrowese language question''' ({{wp|Germanic languages|Tyrnican}}: ''die Sprachfrage'') was a linguistic and political controversy in the [[Rythene|Rythenean]] colony of [[Surrow]], which lasted from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, over the status of {{wp|Germanic languages|Tyrnican}} in the colony, and whether or not it should be a co-official language of the colony alongside {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}. |
| |post = Prime Minister
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| |body = Surrow
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| |nativename = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}})
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| |flag = Surrow_CoA.png
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| |flagsize = 150px
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| |flagborder =
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| |flagcaption = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]]
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| |department =
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| |style = {{wp|The Right Honourable}}
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| |residence =
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| |nominator =
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| |member_of = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]]
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| |appointer = [[Governor of Surrow]]
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| |termlength = Up to four years
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| |termlength_qualified = No term limits
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| |constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Surrow]]
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| |inaugural = [[Clarence Bradley]]
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| |formation = 24 June, 1915
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| |last = [[Ted Fisher]]
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| |abolished = 24 June, 1950
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| |succession = [[President of Surrow]]
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| |deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]]
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| |salary = | |
| |website = | |
| }} | |
| The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.
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| During its existence, there were five holders of the position: [[Clarence Bradley]], who served as Surrow's first and longest-serving Prime Minister, serving from 1915 until his death in 1932; [[Eddie Hammond]], who served from 1932 until 1934; [[Gilbert Bray]], who served from 1934 until 1935; [[Albin Rosenhain]], who served from 1935 to 1943, and [[Ted Fisher]], who served from 1943 until Surrow's independence in 1950.
| | ==Background== |
| | From the late fifteenth century, [[Auressia|Auressian]] fishermen began flocking to the rich fishing waters around Surrow's coast, with most of the fishermen coming from [[Rythene]] and [[Tyrnica]]. As more fishermen established permanent settlements from the middle of the sixteenth century, it led to the creation of a "linguistic and political checkerboard" on [[Holcot Island]] where {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}-speaking and {{wp|Germanic language|Tyrnican}}-speaking {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} would exist next to each other, with the respective outports being under either Rythenean or Tyrnican law depending on who owned the outport. |
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| After Surrow's independence, the [[President of Surrow|Surrowese Presidency]] assumed the functions of both the Prime Minister of Surrow and the [[Governor of Surrow]].
| | Conflicts between the outports and fishing rights contributed to the [[Eleven Years' War]], during which time Tyrnica briefly controlled the entire Surrowese archipelago from 1750 after its victory at the [[Battle of Holcot Inlet (1750)|first Battle of Holcot Inlet]] until 1758 when Rythenean forces secured two victories at [[Battle of Holcot Inlet (1758)|Holcot Inlet]] and [[Battle of Klinerhaven|Klinerhaven]]. After the end of the Eleven Years' War in 1759, Tyrnican fishermen in Surrow were allowed to continue living in the outports under the condition that they pledged allegiance to the [[Monarchy of Rythene|Rythenean crown]] "with all the same rights as a Rythenean fisherman who lives on the Surrows." |
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| ==Official residence==
| | Although some Tyrnophones, particularly Tyrnican officials and Tyrnican merchants left the colony, most of the Tyrnophone population in Surrow chose to stay on the island and accept Rythenean rule, particularly the fishermen who resided in the outports. |
| [[File:StJohns_TheHouse.jpg|250px|thumb|left|View of [[Bradley House]], 2013]]
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| From 1915 until 1932, the Surrowese Prime Minister had no official residence, with [[Clarence Bradley]] living at his mansion on 21 Millhouse Road in [[Holcot Inlet]]. His mansion was built in 1893 in the aftermath of the [[Great Fire of 1886 (Holcot Inlet)|Great Fire of 1886]] and was owned by merchant [[Chesley Bradley]]. When Thomas died in 1907, he willed it to his brother, Clarence. Upon Bradley's death in 1932, his will stipulated that Bradley House be "given to the government of Surrow," with the understanding that it be "used to house the Surrowese Prime Minister."
| | ==Beginnings of the language question== |
| | In the aftermath of the Eleven Years' War, some Tyrnican speakers, particularly Tyrnican officials who ran the settlements and Tyrnican merchants who did most of their trade with Tyrnica's colonies, left Surrow. However, many Tyrnican speakers living on Surrow opted to pledge loyalty to the Rythenean crown, with most of them wanting to maintain access to the fishing grounds around Surrow. |
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| The Surrowese government under [[Eddie Hammond]] accepted the offer, and in 1933, Hammond moved into Bradley House. All successive Surrowese Prime Ministers would live at Bradley House during their premierships, and after Surrow's independence, Bradley House continued to house the first President of Surrow, Ted Fisher, until the renovations were completed at [[Government House (Holcot Inlet)|Government House]] in 1953. | | The colonial government made Rythenean the sole official language of the colony in the aftermath of the war and imposed [[Rythene#Law|Rythenean law]] across the colony, although [[Josiah Yates]] noted in 1762 that there was "very little effort or appetite by the government of these islands to try and promote the Rythenean language" in the newly-acquired settlements, and warned the colonial government that "if no effort is taken to integrate the Tyrnican fishermen into the body politic, they will behave as those they still control the Surrows." |
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| Bradley House remained under government ownership until 1970, when it was sold by [[Ian Withers]]' government to a private owner. Since then, Bradley House has remained in private ownership.
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| ==List==
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| {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
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| |-
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| ! {{Abbr|№|Number}}
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| ! width=5%| Portrait
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| ! width=10%| Name
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| ! Took office
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| ! Left office
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| ! Days
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| ! Election
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| ! width=10%| Political party
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| |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]]
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| |-
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| |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
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| ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1
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| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]]
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| |rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932)
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| |24 June, 1915
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| |24 October, 1932
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| |{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}}
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| | [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]]
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| | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small>
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| |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
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| ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2
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| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]]
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| |rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945)
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| |24 October, 1932
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| |27 September, 1934
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| |{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}}
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| | ''none''
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| | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
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| | colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small>
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| |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
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| ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3
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| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]]
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| |rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966)
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| |27 September, 1934
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| |24 June, 1935
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| |{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}}
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| | ''none''
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| | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small>
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| |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
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| ! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4
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| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Hon_EH_Armstrong_(HS85-10-41072).jpg|80px]]
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| |rowspan="2"|[[Albin Rosenhain]]<br/><small>(1864-1946)
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| |24 June, 1935
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| |3 July, 1943
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| |{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1943|07|03}}
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| | [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]
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| | style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, and oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the early stages of the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]]. Retired in 1943.
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| |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
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| ! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5
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| |rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]]
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| |rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991)
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| |3 July, 1943
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| |24 June, 1950
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| |{{Age in years, months and days|1943|07|03|1950|06|24}}
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| | [[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]]
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| | style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="5"|<small>Continued Albin Rosenhain's policies, and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small>
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| |}
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The Surrowese language question (Tyrnican: die Sprachfrage) was a linguistic and political controversy in the Rythenean colony of Surrow, which lasted from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, over the status of Tyrnican in the colony, and whether or not it should be a co-official language of the colony alongside Rythenean.
Background
From the late fifteenth century, Auressian fishermen began flocking to the rich fishing waters around Surrow's coast, with most of the fishermen coming from Rythene and Tyrnica. As more fishermen established permanent settlements from the middle of the sixteenth century, it led to the creation of a "linguistic and political checkerboard" on Holcot Island where Rythenean-speaking and Tyrnican-speaking outports would exist next to each other, with the respective outports being under either Rythenean or Tyrnican law depending on who owned the outport.
Conflicts between the outports and fishing rights contributed to the Eleven Years' War, during which time Tyrnica briefly controlled the entire Surrowese archipelago from 1750 after its victory at the first Battle of Holcot Inlet until 1758 when Rythenean forces secured two victories at Holcot Inlet and Klinerhaven. After the end of the Eleven Years' War in 1759, Tyrnican fishermen in Surrow were allowed to continue living in the outports under the condition that they pledged allegiance to the Rythenean crown "with all the same rights as a Rythenean fisherman who lives on the Surrows."
Although some Tyrnophones, particularly Tyrnican officials and Tyrnican merchants left the colony, most of the Tyrnophone population in Surrow chose to stay on the island and accept Rythenean rule, particularly the fishermen who resided in the outports.
Beginnings of the language question
In the aftermath of the Eleven Years' War, some Tyrnican speakers, particularly Tyrnican officials who ran the settlements and Tyrnican merchants who did most of their trade with Tyrnica's colonies, left Surrow. However, many Tyrnican speakers living on Surrow opted to pledge loyalty to the Rythenean crown, with most of them wanting to maintain access to the fishing grounds around Surrow.
The colonial government made Rythenean the sole official language of the colony in the aftermath of the war and imposed Rythenean law across the colony, although Josiah Yates noted in 1762 that there was "very little effort or appetite by the government of these islands to try and promote the Rythenean language" in the newly-acquired settlements, and warned the colonial government that "if no effort is taken to integrate the Tyrnican fishermen into the body politic, they will behave as those they still control the Surrows."
(TBC)
