Politics of Zhenia: Difference between revisions

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The '''political system of the Republic of [[Zhenia]]''' operate under the principles laid out by the [[Constitution of the Republic of Zhenia]], which specifies the Republic of Zhenia as a federal semi-presidential republic with a semi-direct democracy. To actualize such principles, the constitution also clarifies the existence of the {{wp|separation of powers}} between the branches of government, as well as its adherence to {{wp|national sovereignty}}. Rights of individual provinces maintain an equilibrium with the authorities of the federal government, as stated in the Constitution.  
The '''political system of the Republic of [[Zhenia]]''' operate under the principles laid out by the [[Constitution of the Republic of Zhenia]], which specifies the Republic of Zhenia as a unitary semi-presidential republic with a semi-direct democracy. To actualize such principles, the constitution also clarifies the existence of the {{wp|separation of powers}} between the branches of government, as well as its adherence to {{wp|national sovereignty}}. Rights of individual provinces maintain an equilibrium with the authorities of the federal government, as stated in the Constitution.  


The separation of powers in Zhenia is done through the division of the nation's political structure into four branches - the {{wp|legislative branch|legislative}}, {{wp|executive branch|executive}}, {{wp|judicial branch|judicial}} and {{wp|examination}} branches. The legislative branch is primarily led by the [[Parliament of the Republic of Zhenia|Parliament]], which consists of two houses - the [[Republic of Zhenia Sangseowon|Sangseowon]] and the [[Republic of Zhenia National Assembly|National Assembly]]. The executive branch, primarily comprising of the [[Government of Zhenia]], works through the {{wp|cabinet}} being led in tandem by the [[Chancellor of the Republic of Zhenia|Chancellor]] and the [[Premier of the Republic of Zhenia|Premier]]. The judicial branch is primarily led by the [[Republic of Zhenia Judiciary]] and the [[Department of Justice]], which spearheads a hierarchic structure of province-level and municipal-level courts across the nation. The [[Jungchuwon]] is the heart of the examination branch, overseeing the entire process of selecting civil servants and governmental officials. The [[Constitutional Court (Zhenia)|Constitutional Court]] exists independent from the aforementioned four branches of government, examining the constitutionality of existing laws and systems.  
The separation of powers in Zhenia is done through the division of the nation's political structure into four branches - the {{wp|legislative branch|legislative}}, {{wp|executive branch|executive}}, {{wp|judicial branch|judicial}} and {{wp|examination}} branches. The legislative branch is primarily led by the [[Parliament of the Republic of Zhenia|Parliament]], which consists of two houses - the [[Republic of Zhenia Sangseowon|Sangseowon]] and the [[Republic of Zhenia National Assembly|National Assembly]]. The executive branch, primarily comprising of the [[Government of Zhenia]], works through the {{wp|cabinet}} being led in tandem by the [[Chancellor of the Republic of Zhenia|Chancellor]] and the [[Premier of the Republic of Zhenia|Premier]]. The judicial branch is primarily led by the [[Republic of Zhenia Judiciary]] and the [[Department of Justice]], which spearheads a hierarchic structure of province-level and municipal-level courts across the nation. The [[Jungchuwon]] is the heart of the examination branch, overseeing the entire process of selecting civil servants and governmental officials. The [[Constitutional Court (Zhenia)|Constitutional Court]] exists independent from the aforementioned four branches of government, examining the constitutionality of existing laws and systems.  


Throughout much of its modern history, the Republic of Zhenia has called for and pursued a {{wp|multiparty system}} in its politics, as made clear in the Constitution. Since the dawn of the [[Fourth Zhenian Republic|Fourth Republic]] in 1979, three {{wp|political party|political parties}} - the [[Union of Neo-Renism]], the [[Nationalist Party]] and the [[Republican Party]] - have led a bulk of Zhenian politics, coexisting as major parties among other smaller parties. Such political parties attempt cooperation in creating and passing laws, although they stand off against each other starkly in some politically sensitive issues.  
Throughout much of its modern history, the Republic of Zhenia has called for and pursued a {{wp|multiparty system}} in its politics, as made clear in the Constitution. Since the dawn of the [[Fourth Zhenian Republic|Fourth Republic]] in 1979, three {{wp|political party|political parties}} - the [[Union of Neo-Renism]], the [[Nationalist Party]] and the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Zhenia)|Liberal Democratic Party]] - have led a bulk of Zhenian politics, coexisting as major parties among other smaller parties. Such political parties attempt cooperation in creating and passing laws, although they stand off against each other starkly in some politically sensitive issues.  


While a {{wp|representative democracy}} is done in Zhenia for realistic reasons, there are indeed elements of direct democracy present in the nation's politics. A nationwide referendum is necessary for any revisions in the Constitution, while a referendum can be held on laws upon request. In addition to referendums, the people can call for a {{wp|recall}} on government officials following a {{wp|manifesto}} on the official's policies, while the [[National Petition System (Zhenia)|National Petition System]] allows for them to present public initiatives to revise or create laws and statutes, as well as even make amendments in the constitution.  
While a {{wp|representative democracy}} is done in Zhenia for realistic reasons, there are indeed elements of direct democracy present in the nation's politics. A nationwide referendum is necessary for any revisions in the Constitution, while a referendum can be held on laws upon request. In addition to referendums, the people can call for a {{wp|recall}} on government officials following a {{wp|manifesto}} on the official's policies, while the [[National Petition System (Zhenia)|National Petition System]] allows for them to present public initiatives to revise or create laws and statutes, as well as even make amendments in the constitution.  
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{{main|Parliament of the Republic of Zhenia}}
{{main|Parliament of the Republic of Zhenia}}
The {{wp|bicameral}} Zhenian Parliament is the primary legislative branch in the nation, with the President of the Sangseowon (also the [[Premier of the Republic of Zhenia|Premier]] at its head. It consists of 170 members of the Sangseowon and 900 members of the National Assembly, with the former meant to adjust for the differences between province-level areas in population size for equal representation.


===Sangseowon===
===Sangseowon===
{{main|Republic of Zhenia Sangseowon}}


===National Assembly===
===National Assembly===
{{main|Republic of Zhenia National Assembly}}


==Executive Branch==
==Executive Branch==

Revision as of 10:29, 10 April 2020

Political System of the Republic of Zhenia
Flag of Zhenia.png
Polity typeUnitary semi-presidential republic
ConstitutionConstitution of the Republic of Zhenia
Legislative branch
NameParliament of the Republic of Zhenia
TypeBicameral
Meeting placeNational Parliament Hall
Presiding officerHan Jinhyuk, Speaker of the National Assembly
Executive branch
Head of State
TitleChancellor of the Republic of Zhenia
CurrentlyLee Saemin
AppointerDirect Popular Vote
Head of Government
TitlePremier of the Republic of Zhenia
CurrentlyKim Junghun
AppointerChancellor of the Republic of Zhenia
Cabinet
NameGovernment of Zhenia
Current cabinetKim Junghun Cabinet
LeaderPremier of the Republic of Zhenia
Deputy leaderChancellor of the Republic of Zhenia
AppointerChancellor, with consent from National Assembly
HeadquartersThe Zhongwu Palace
Ministries17
Judicial branch
NameRepublic of Zhenia Supreme Court
Constitutional Court
Chief judgeDongyoon Na
SeatChief Justice

The political system of the Republic of Zhenia operate under the principles laid out by the Constitution of the Republic of Zhenia, which specifies the Republic of Zhenia as a unitary semi-presidential republic with a semi-direct democracy. To actualize such principles, the constitution also clarifies the existence of the separation of powers between the branches of government, as well as its adherence to national sovereignty. Rights of individual provinces maintain an equilibrium with the authorities of the federal government, as stated in the Constitution.

The separation of powers in Zhenia is done through the division of the nation's political structure into four branches - the legislative, executive, judicial and examination branches. The legislative branch is primarily led by the Parliament, which consists of two houses - the Sangseowon and the National Assembly. The executive branch, primarily comprising of the Government of Zhenia, works through the cabinet being led in tandem by the Chancellor and the Premier. The judicial branch is primarily led by the Republic of Zhenia Judiciary and the Department of Justice, which spearheads a hierarchic structure of province-level and municipal-level courts across the nation. The Jungchuwon is the heart of the examination branch, overseeing the entire process of selecting civil servants and governmental officials. The Constitutional Court exists independent from the aforementioned four branches of government, examining the constitutionality of existing laws and systems.

Throughout much of its modern history, the Republic of Zhenia has called for and pursued a multiparty system in its politics, as made clear in the Constitution. Since the dawn of the Fourth Republic in 1979, three political parties - the Union of Neo-Renism, the Nationalist Party and the Liberal Democratic Party - have led a bulk of Zhenian politics, coexisting as major parties among other smaller parties. Such political parties attempt cooperation in creating and passing laws, although they stand off against each other starkly in some politically sensitive issues.

While a representative democracy is done in Zhenia for realistic reasons, there are indeed elements of direct democracy present in the nation's politics. A nationwide referendum is necessary for any revisions in the Constitution, while a referendum can be held on laws upon request. In addition to referendums, the people can call for a recall on government officials following a manifesto on the official's policies, while the National Petition System allows for them to present public initiatives to revise or create laws and statutes, as well as even make amendments in the constitution.

Political Culture

Since the November Revolution of 1979, Neo-Renism has been the key ideology behind the political culture of the Republic of Zhenia. The ideology, centered around egalitarian rights granted to all Zhenians regardless of ethnicity or political alignment and centralized power to lead Zhenia as one, specifies that all Zhenians have the responsibility to participate in election, understand and support the nation's government, both central and local, be educated, pay taxes and perform military service when needed; as well as the rights to free speech, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly and association and equality before the law. Most of the core principles of Neo-Renism has been specified clearly in the Constitution.

The Constitution holds the right to vote a sacrosanct right for all Zhenian citizens to participate in politics. The duty of controlling how voting and elections take place is at the hands of the federal government, with no right given to the provincial and local governments to restrict the process of voting, although with a few exceptions. In principle, voting takes place on one designated day, usually a weekday; alternatively, Zhenian citizens can preemptively vote in elections on the weekend directly before the designated election day, in a period known as 'Early Voting Day' (Zhenian: 사전투표일), which consists of at least two days of the weekend and can take up to three days, spanning Friday through Sunday. Ballots cast in Early Voting Days are counted as the same votes as those on the designated election day.

Aside from elections and voting, the Constitution allows for referenda on legislation if it is requested by a sizable portion of the nation's population. Referendums on legislation mostly initiate with a proposal/petition that is approved by 200,000 Zhenian citizens of voting age within 50 days, after which it is assessed by members of the National Assembly. The National Assembly and the Sangseowon can propose a counter-proposal in response to such proposal. Following assessment within the National Assembly, the said proposal(s) are sent to the referendum. Changes to the legislation can be passed after a 50% approval rate achieved by the referendums requested on the legislation, although any amendment to the Constitution requires the consent of at least 60% of the nation's population on the referendum.

Legislative Branch

Main article: Parliament of the Republic of Zhenia

The bicameral Zhenian Parliament is the primary legislative branch in the nation, with the President of the Sangseowon (also the Premier at its head. It consists of 170 members of the Sangseowon and 900 members of the National Assembly, with the former meant to adjust for the differences between province-level areas in population size for equal representation.

Sangseowon

Main article: Republic of Zhenia Sangseowon

National Assembly

Main article: Republic of Zhenia National Assembly

Executive Branch

Main article: Government of Zhenia

Local government

Local government in Zhenia, is structured in a hierarchy under the central government in accordance to the nation's administrative subdivisions, with province-level areas at the top and its area of jurisdiction decreasing from prefecture-level, municipality-level and township-level. Each level of local government is structured to effectively oversee and exchange feedback with its lower levels of the administrative hierarchy. Each level of local government has its own administrative head, which works in tandem with the local cabinet and the local assembly (excluding township-level areas) to run the government of the given administrative subdivision, while retaining the rights to appoint the members of the local cabinet, as well as carrying out policies and ceremonial duties. With the exception of some township-level subdivisions, all executive heads of local government are elected directly by the people through regional elections.

While all of such local leaders were traditionally appointed by the central government with consent from the Chancellor to ensure consistency in administration, the Fourth Republic has shifted to offer further autonomy in broader areas of policy such as regional taxation and transportation, as well as the right to enforce their own statutes and elect their own leaders. Local autonomy in Zhenia has been practiced since the second term of Li Shan in 1983, when the first elections for the administrative heads of provincial, prefectural and municipal governments took place.

Judicial Branch

Examination Branch

Main article: Jungchuwon

Elections

Political Parties

See Also

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