Birlikism: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
Birlikism was formulated as a reaction to the growing infighting in the [[West Shalegho Commandery]] and the [[People's Liberation Army of Chanda]] during the late 1940s. The political and economic instability that followed allowed for the introduction of Birlikism and its takeover of the country. | Birlikism was formulated as a reaction to the growing infighting in the [[West Shalegho Commandery]] and the [[People's Liberation Army of Chanda]] during the late 1940s. The political and economic instability that followed allowed for the introduction of Birlikism and its takeover of the country. | ||
In response to the growing instability of the [[West Shalegho Commandery]], many Chandan intellectuals began to question the foundations of the country. The origins of the ideology began with political thoughts developed by the Group of Five which began as an informal political club. Its most prominent members were [[Abdug'ani Yoʻldosh]], [[Nurlan Sabir]], [[Inomjon Alikhan]], [[Wu Khar]], and [[Kadri Badi]]. All five were members of the PLA, who originally developed their ideas independently until they encountered each other | In response to the growing instability of the [[West Shalegho Commandery]], many Chandan intellectuals began to question the foundations of the country. The origins of the ideology began with political thoughts developed by the Group of Five which began as an informal political club. Its most prominent members were [[Abdug'ani Yoʻldosh]], [[Nurlan Sabir]], [[Inomjon Alikhan]], [[Wu Khar]], and [[Kadri Badi]]. All five were members of the PLA, who originally developed their ideas independently until they encountered each other writings. The five men agreed that the Commandery no longer could fully serve the people of Chanda, and believed in the establishment of a republic. Influenced by the [[Imaharism|Imaharist]] concept of republicanism they embraced more authoritarian methods of rule. | ||
The Group of Five founded the [[National Front of Chanda]] in 1943, where the principles were established as its ideology, naming it Birlikism. The ideology would be continued to be developed by the National Front, under the leadership of Nurlan Sabir. | The Group of Five founded the [[National Front of Chanda]] in 1943, where the principles were established as its ideology, naming it Birlikism. The ideology would be continued to be developed by the National Front, under the leadership of Nurlan Sabir. | ||
==Doctrine== | ==Doctrine== | ||
===Nationalism=== | ===Nationalism=== | ||
The central concept of Birlikism is nationalism (උනටෝඛචිලික; undeschilik). Birlik thought places the creation and continuation of a Chandan national identity as essential to the country's continued existence as an independent state. The Group of Five sought to establish an national identity by adopting the Pardals' pan-nationalist ideals of militarism and anti-imperialism and applying it to Chanda's culturally and religiously diverse population. They also sought to connect the ideals of the Pardal movement to the common | The central concept of Birlikism is nationalism (උනටෝඛචිලික; undeschilik). Birlik thought places the creation and continuation of a Chandan national identity as essential to the country's continued existence as an independent state. The Group of Five sought to establish an national identity by adopting the Pardals' pan-nationalist ideals of militarism and anti-imperialism and applying it to Chanda's culturally and religiously diverse population. They also sought to connect the ideals of the Pardal movement to the common heritage of the Akdoğan Khanate, of which the majority of Chandans share. | ||
By defining nationalism under shared ideals and a common heritage, it explicitly rejects any kind of {{wp|ethnic nationalism}}, labeling it divisive and unworkable for Chanda's multiracial and multicultural society. Instead it promotes the multi-ethnic cultural unity of the people, and defines ethnic groups as "sub-divisions" of the Chandan people. Abdug'ani Yoʻldosh wrote in 1937 that "Chanda is of many races, languages, religions and cultures; to center an identity on any one would only serve to divide our country." As a result, he and other members of the Group vehemently opposed support of ethnic nationalism and especially separatism by any ethnic group. | By defining nationalism under shared ideals and a common heritage, it explicitly rejects any kind of {{wp|ethnic nationalism}}, labeling it divisive and unworkable for Chanda's multiracial and multicultural society. Instead it promotes the multi-ethnic cultural unity of the people, and defines ethnic groups as "sub-divisions" of the Chandan people. Abdug'ani Yoʻldosh wrote in 1937 that "Chanda is of many races, languages, religions and cultures; to center an identity on any one would only serve to divide our country." As a result, he and other members of the Group vehemently opposed support of ethnic nationalism and especially separatism by any ethnic group. They believed that only with a single purpose, the country could achieve prosperity and defend its independence. | ||
===Multiculturalism=== | ===Multiculturalism=== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
Birlikism promotes its own interpretation of socialism, which it claims is adapted for Chanda's unique cultural and economic situation. While it often invokes Councilist principles, Birlikist socialism rejects several critical tenants and is a significant departure from classical leftist thought. The ideology views socialism as the most efficient method to achieve national prosperity, rather than a method to achieve a {{wp|classless society}}. Thus it openly opposes the seizure of the {{wp|means of production}}, {{wp|class conflict}}, and {{wp|Proletarian internationalism|leftist internationalism}}. Instead it embraces some principles of {{wp|distributism}}, such as the widespread ownership of the means of production as well as {{wp|Class collaboration|class cooperation}}, and nationalism. | Birlikism promotes its own interpretation of socialism, which it claims is adapted for Chanda's unique cultural and economic situation. While it often invokes Councilist principles, Birlikist socialism rejects several critical tenants and is a significant departure from classical leftist thought. The ideology views socialism as the most efficient method to achieve national prosperity, rather than a method to achieve a {{wp|classless society}}. Thus it openly opposes the seizure of the {{wp|means of production}}, {{wp|class conflict}}, and {{wp|Proletarian internationalism|leftist internationalism}}. Instead it embraces some principles of {{wp|distributism}}, such as the widespread ownership of the means of production as well as {{wp|Class collaboration|class cooperation}}, and nationalism. | ||
Birlikism rejects {{wp|state socialism}}, contending that the state is not the most efficient means of implementing socialism. Instead it promotes the idea of an "patriotic" organisation with significant liberty over implementing economic policy while remaining accountable to the people and the government. The ideology explicitly implies that the military should fulfill the role under the concept of ''dual function''. The principle is inspired by the [[West Shalegho Commandery]], where the People's Liberation Army played a major role in deciding and implementing economic policy. | Birlikism rejects {{wp|state socialism}}, contending that the state is not the most efficient means of implementing socialism. Instead it promotes the idea of an "patriotic" organisation with significant liberty over implementing economic policy while remaining accountable to the people and the government. The ideology explicitly implies that the military should fulfill the role under the militarist concept of ''dual function''. The principle is inspired by the [[West Shalegho Commandery]], where the People's Liberation Army played a major role in deciding and implementing economic policy, while the people were largely left to their own affairs. | ||
===Militarism=== | ===Militarism=== | ||
Revision as of 05:51, 28 March 2021
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
Birlikism බිරලික Birlik | |
|---|---|
| Ideology | Chandan nationalism Cultural nationalism Multiculturalism Chandan socialism Militarism Corporatism Guided democracy Republicanism |
| Political position | Right-wing (social) Syncretic (economic) |
Birlikism (Chandan: බිරලික, Birlik, lit. "oneness") is a Chandan nationalist political ideology based on the theories and actions of the Five Leaders of Chanda and is the founding ideology of the Republic of Chanda. It promotes the development of a Chandan national identity by a centralized corporatist state instead of a pluralistic liberal democracy. Since the declaration of the Republic in 1951, Birlikism continues to be the dominant political ideology of the country.
Birlikism promotes the formation of a Chandan national identity based upon pan-Chandan nationalism and the legacy of the West Shalegho Commandery. It opposes the existence of ethnic nationalism, instead promoting social cohesion and cultural harmony between the ethnic groups of Chanda. However at the same time, it seeks to "modernize" their cultures by rooting out perceived social ills, "outdated" thinking, and "imperialist" cultural influences. In order to implement these ideals, the ideology supports the creation of a one-party state along corporatist lines. It rejects political pluralism and democracy as long as there is a perceived threat to Chandan unity. Birlikism promotes its own version of socialism, a distributist economic system where the military is given a central role.
History
Birlikism was formulated as a reaction to the growing infighting in the West Shalegho Commandery and the People's Liberation Army of Chanda during the late 1940s. The political and economic instability that followed allowed for the introduction of Birlikism and its takeover of the country.
In response to the growing instability of the West Shalegho Commandery, many Chandan intellectuals began to question the foundations of the country. The origins of the ideology began with political thoughts developed by the Group of Five which began as an informal political club. Its most prominent members were Abdug'ani Yoʻldosh, Nurlan Sabir, Inomjon Alikhan, Wu Khar, and Kadri Badi. All five were members of the PLA, who originally developed their ideas independently until they encountered each other writings. The five men agreed that the Commandery no longer could fully serve the people of Chanda, and believed in the establishment of a republic. Influenced by the Imaharist concept of republicanism they embraced more authoritarian methods of rule.
The Group of Five founded the National Front of Chanda in 1943, where the principles were established as its ideology, naming it Birlikism. The ideology would be continued to be developed by the National Front, under the leadership of Nurlan Sabir.
Doctrine
Nationalism
The central concept of Birlikism is nationalism (උනටෝඛචිලික; undeschilik). Birlik thought places the creation and continuation of a Chandan national identity as essential to the country's continued existence as an independent state. The Group of Five sought to establish an national identity by adopting the Pardals' pan-nationalist ideals of militarism and anti-imperialism and applying it to Chanda's culturally and religiously diverse population. They also sought to connect the ideals of the Pardal movement to the common heritage of the Akdoğan Khanate, of which the majority of Chandans share.
By defining nationalism under shared ideals and a common heritage, it explicitly rejects any kind of ethnic nationalism, labeling it divisive and unworkable for Chanda's multiracial and multicultural society. Instead it promotes the multi-ethnic cultural unity of the people, and defines ethnic groups as "sub-divisions" of the Chandan people. Abdug'ani Yoʻldosh wrote in 1937 that "Chanda is of many races, languages, religions and cultures; to center an identity on any one would only serve to divide our country." As a result, he and other members of the Group vehemently opposed support of ethnic nationalism and especially separatism by any ethnic group. They believed that only with a single purpose, the country could achieve prosperity and defend its independence.
Multiculturalism
Birlikism seeks to prevent ethnic tension between the peoples of Chanda by promoting the concept of multiculturalism (Chandan: ඉව; iv), literally translated as harmony. Iv is viewed as the logical extension to Nationalism, as a united identity requires that there be no conflict between the diverse people of Chanda.
Birlik thought places the state as the active guarantor and protector of Iv. In 1938, Yoʻldosh wrote, "to secure multiculturalism, the new Republic must guarantee the principles of freedom, equality, and equal representation." The principle of freedom is the basis that all the people of Chanda are able to express their own culture without facing restriction by the state or prejudice by their fellow citizens. Equality refers to the principle that all the cultures and religions of Chanda are of equal worth and thus equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law. Finally representation establishes the principle that the peoples of Chanda are entitled to fair representation in Chandan society. The latter principle is achieved through corporatist ideals such as ethnic quotas.
Modernization
Socialism
Birlikism promotes its own interpretation of socialism, which it claims is adapted for Chanda's unique cultural and economic situation. While it often invokes Councilist principles, Birlikist socialism rejects several critical tenants and is a significant departure from classical leftist thought. The ideology views socialism as the most efficient method to achieve national prosperity, rather than a method to achieve a classless society. Thus it openly opposes the seizure of the means of production, class conflict, and leftist internationalism. Instead it embraces some principles of distributism, such as the widespread ownership of the means of production as well as class cooperation, and nationalism.
Birlikism rejects state socialism, contending that the state is not the most efficient means of implementing socialism. Instead it promotes the idea of an "patriotic" organisation with significant liberty over implementing economic policy while remaining accountable to the people and the government. The ideology explicitly implies that the military should fulfill the role under the militarist concept of dual function. The principle is inspired by the West Shalegho Commandery, where the People's Liberation Army played a major role in deciding and implementing economic policy, while the people were largely left to their own affairs.